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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vampires arouse strong popular interest and attract large print and film audiences. Their influence is also notable in clinical vampirism, a rare condition described in the forensic literature covering some of humanity's most shocking behaviors. Definitions of vampirism involve aspects of necrophilia, sadism, cannibalism, and a fascination with blood. Its relationships with established diagnostic categories, particularly schizophrenia and psychopathy, are also examined and illustrated by the presentation of a "modern" vampire. As myth and reality are disentangled, clinical vampirism reveals the complex mother-child dyad's blood ties running amok.
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PMID:Clinical vampirism: blending myth and reality. 771 26

Retrospective chart review was used to compare the demographic characteristics and psychiatric diagnoses of 150 consecutive female patients seen in psychiatric consultation in the emergency service at a Veterans Affairs medical center between 1987 and 1991 with those of two groups of 150 male patients matched by age or psychiatric diagnosis. Compared with the men, the women were younger and more likely to be divorced, to complain of anxiety or psychotic symptoms, and to have a diagnosis of a depressive disorder or borderline personality disorder. Men were more likely to have a diagnosis of schizophrenia or antisocial personality disorder.
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PMID:Characteristics of male and female veterans who use VA psychiatric emergency services. 779 18

We recently completed a case-control study of 100 literally homeless and 100 never homeless indigent schizophrenic men in New York City, in which concurrent substance abuse and antisocial personality disorder were widespread. In this paper we probe the correlates of 'pure' schizophrenia (single disorder, N = 60), schizophrenia and substance abuse (double disorder, N = 89), and schizophrenia, substance abuse, and antisocial personality disorder (triple disorder, N = 50), across the homeless/never homeless distinction. Subjects were recruited from a homeless shelter and mental health service programmes in Upper Manhattan. Psychologist and social worker interviewers administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, I, and II and other structured instruments to explore social, family and illness history, the current illness, and aspects of treatment and family support. Codisorder subjects emerged from more disadvantaged family backgrounds, experienced greater school difficulties, began drug use in early adolescence, were more prone to hyperactivity in childhood, and were more likely to have spent time in jail. While codisorder groups did not differ on key aspects of schizophrenia, the triple disorder group was found to suffer from a more severe form of substance abuse than double disorder subjects, associated with an earlier age of onset and abuse of a wider array of substances. The widespread prevalence of codisorders among indigent schizophrenic men has major significance for clinical psychiatry. Study of the correlates of codisorders has revealed important differences in social, family, and illness history which may guide the development of more effective treatments and improved service delivery.
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PMID:Correlates of codisorders in homeless and never homeless indigent schizophrenic men. 799 50

This article discusses the issues and evidence concerning the relationship between schizophrenia and personality. We examine personality dimensions in individuals with schizophrenia, both before and after the onset of their psychoses, and in their relatives. Schizophrenia is associated with high levels of peculiarity and neuroticism and with low levels of extraversion. The relationships between schizophrenia and both psychopathy and creativity remain unclear. Personality dimensions vary in the manner in which they are associated with a variety of correlates of psychopathology, such as prognosis. We recommend that psychopathologists interested in schizophrenia devote more attention to the study of personality.
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PMID:Schizophrenia and personality: exploring the boundaries and connections between vulnerability and outcome. 804 Apr 76

Clinical, psychological and neurological examinations were performed of 478 subjects (208 males and 270 females) seeking confidential testing for HIV infection in one-on-one counseling facilities. The findings were correlated with serological evidence on HIV-antibodies and somatic status. The psychological response to seronegative, seropositive and false positive results was registered and compared to individual somatic status. Behavioral patterns were established for subjects with neurotic reactions, neurosis, neurosis-bordering condition, psychopathy and schizophrenia.
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PMID:[AIDS phobia (its clinical picture and typology)]. 816 May 12

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, demographic characteristics and course of children and adolescents admitted with a diagnosis of schizophrenia before the age of 18 years. The paper describes 312 patients from Denmark who were given a diagnosis of schizophrenia during the period between 1970 and 1993. Schizophrenia with a childhood onset was extremely rare. Only four children under the age of 13 years and 28 children under the age of 15 years had received such a diagnosis. The study showed that a number of adolescents who were diagnosed with schizophrenia at their first admission were not given the same diagnosis at later admissions in adulthood. The most common diagnoses in this group of apparently misdiagnosed cases were personality disorders, primarily borderline and antisocial personality disorder.
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PMID:Schizophrenia with childhood and adolescent onset--a nationwide register-based study. 889 Oct 86

The Epidemiologic Catchment Area community sample data were analyzed to determine whether there is a general tendency for subjects with two or more disorders to have an earlier age of onset of the index disorder than subjects with only one disorder. DSM-III axis I disorders and antisocial personality were each used as index disorders in separate logistic regressions. The results show that an earlier age of onset is associated with greater comorbidity in major depression, with a similar trend for alcoholism. Schizophrenia and the phobias, however, showed significant results in the opposite direction. Overall, the results argue for specific rather than general effects of age of onset on comorbidity.
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PMID:The relationship between age at onset and comorbidity in psychiatric disorders. 895 84

We revise the articles dealing with psychiatric comorbidity of alcohol dependence. This study focuses on the epidemiology and on the etiopathogenic involvement. The epidemiologic studies in community samples show that psychiatric comorbidity in alcohol dependence is twice as big as expected and this excess is common in every psychiatric disorder. However, this excess is bigger in antisocial personality, other substance-related disorders and in schizophrenia. This excess of comorbidity can be due to two factors: how alcohol can cause psychiatric disorders, and how psychiatric symptoms can produce an increases of alcohol consumption which can lead to dependence in people with vulnerability.
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PMID:[Alcohol dependence and psychiatric comorbidity. I. Epidemiology and etiopathogenic involvement]. 899 22

German psychiatrists around 1900 reported that dementia praecox and other mental disorders were common among homeless individuals. On the basis of the concept of psychopathy, homelessness in the 1920s was viewed as an "inferiority of character". The combination of psychiatric diagnosis and social prejudice was used as a justification for the "elimination of abnormal personalities" during the Third Reich. Growing numbers of homeless individuals in the last two decades stimulated a new interest in psychiatric research on the homeless. Larger epidemiological studies show high prevalence rates for severe mental disorders (schizophrenia, affective disorders, substance abuse). This points to the urgent need to develop sophisticated and sensible concepts to deal effectively with the complex problems associated with homelessness.
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PMID:[Psychiatric homelessness research. From "psychopathology of the vagrant" to "homeless mentally ill"]. 906 50

These data are internally consistent and lead to several conclusions, as follows: Elevated levels of psychiatric symptoms were found among IDUs in methadone treatment as compared to their counterparts who were out of treatment. IVDUs who entered treatment had higher symptom levels than those who did not enter treatment. Higher symptom levels were found among injectors than noninjectors, and needle sharers had especially high psychiatric symptom levels. Higher symptom levels were found among those who seroconverted in the 6 months following notification, but not thereafter. Symptom levels did not distinguish between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals 24 months following notification of seropositivity. Taken together, these findings indicate that elevated psychiatric symptoms are risk factors for continued high risk behavior, as well as for seroconversion. The data add to those of Brooner and colleagues (1993), who demonstrated that ASPD serves as a risk factor for HIV infection. The fact that antisocial personality disorder and psychiatric severity are associated with risky behavior and with actual HIV infection further expands earlier findings showing that these two factors are associated with poorer treatment outcome. Other axis II disorders (e.g., borderline or narcissistic), as well as other axis I disorders with high symptom levels that were not well represented in these studies (schizophrenia, manic depressive illness), may also show similar elevated rates of risky behavior and seroconversion, although there is a scarcity of data currently available to assess the risk behavior of these patients. The evidence from treatment studies that psychiatrically focused therapies, when combined with substance abuse treatment, can improve overall outcome for patients with clinically significant levels of psychiatric symptoms may be relevant in the design of future risk reduction efforts. That is, these treatment outcome studies may serve as a starting point for exploring the feasibility and efficacy of using psychiatrically focused treatment to reduce risky behavior and HIV infection among psychiatrically symptomatic IDUs.
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PMID:Psychiatric symptoms, risky behavior, and HIV infection. 915 70


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