Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A previous investigation explored the diagnosis of adjustment disorder and found it to have descriptive and face validity. This study of the status at 5-year follow-up of 100 patients given this diagnosis strongly supports the validity of the category among adults but only partially among adolescents. Seventy-nine percent of the adults were well at follow-up, with 8% having had an intervening problem. Comparable figures for the adolescents were 57% and 13%. Most adults who were ill developed either major depression or alcoholism. The adolescents' illnesses included schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, major depression, bipolar disorder, antisocial personality, alcoholism, and drug use disorder. Chronicity and behavioral symptoms were the strongest predictors of poor outcome.
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PMID:The predictive value of adjustment disorders: a follow-up study. 707 42

This report describes the results of initial psychiatric interviews on 100 male and 100 female narcotic addicts who were matched by age, race, and geographic origin. The majority met criteria for antisocial personality whereas about one in four males and one in seven females met criteria for alcoholism. Between one-third and one-half of the subjects met criteria for secondary depression. Bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia rates were not elevated. Males significantly more often were diagnosed as having antisocial personality and alcoholism whereas females significantly more often were diagnosed as having a non-drug depression. Treatment implications of the observed differences between males and females are discussed.
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PMID:Psychiatric illness in male and female narcotic addicts. 708 74

Earlier clinical pneumoencephalographic studies showed a subgroup of schizophrenics that have small and dysplastic cerebral ventricles as well as a subgroup with a "pure defect", i.e., a slight internal brain atrophy. In echoencephalograms of pure and mixed residual schizophrenic syndrome patients, a significantly higher average transverse diameter of the third ventricle was demonstrated compared to that in patients with complete remissions. Correlations cannot be expected between certain groups of disease, e.g., epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, or schizophrenia on the whole, and pneumoencephalographic (PEG) and CT findings. Only schizophrenics with distinct signs of pure defect that had persisted for at least 3 years revealed deviations from normal by CT and PEG, but those with irreversible fixed deformations of personality structure ("Strukturverformungen" [9,10]) did not. In patients who were 50 years of age or less with psychic reactive and psychopathic personality disorders, CT showed an average third ventricle diameter of 4.2 mm (range 2-6 mm). Of 117 schizophrenics (average age 35.5 years), only 28% revealed pathological CT changes. However, of 36 schizophrenics with pure residual syndromes 69% showed pathological CT findings that always concerned the third ventricle, rarely the lateral ventricles, and in no case the cortex. The average transverse diameter of the third ventricle in this subgroup with pure defect was 7.6 mm, as compared to 4.6 mm in the subgroup of schizophrenics with complete remission. There was no increase in size with increasing years until the 50th year in schizophrenics, as well as in the control group of variations of psychic being (neuroses and psychopathic personality disorders).
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PMID:Computerized tomography studies on schizophrenic diseases. 713 78

100 records of divorced inpatients were compared with 100 records of married inpatients after having been matched according to sex, age, and social background. Almost 50% of the divorced patients were hospitalized within the first year after their divorce, i.e, this is the period which should be concentrated on when taking preventive measures. The most frequent duration of the marriage was between 5 to 10 years whereas in the population it was only between 3 and 5 years. This suggests that divorces after only a few years of marriage do not have such traumatic effects. The diagnoses of psychopathic personality, alcohol and drug dependence, attempted suicide and neurotic and reactive depressions were more frequently made with divorced that with married patients. Affective psychosis and cerebral-organic illnesses, however, were not so often found. The divorced patients being hospitalized within the first year after their divorce could be divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup comprised patients with frequent diagnosis of personality disorders and attempted suicide who were hospitalized for the first time after their divorce and needed only a short-term stay in hospital. In the second subgroup were patients who had already been hospitalized before their divorce - frequently with the diagnosis of schizophrenia -; that means they became recidivous after their divorce and needed a long-term stay in hospital. Social problems were especially relevant with divorced patients.
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PMID:[Psychiatric hospitalization of divorced persons]. 726 35

Ten patients with the stable syndrome of hysteria were matched for age, sex, handedness, and full-scale WAIS IQ with ten controls, ten psychotic depressives and ten schizophrenics. All were subjected to an extensive neuropsychological test battery. Compared to the controls, the hysteria group exhibited bifrontal impairment (R = L) and, globally, greater dysfunction of the nondominant hemisphere. A G analysis provided a complete separation between the hysteria and controls. However, a D-index analysis showed that the hysteria group was more impaired than normals and depressives because of greater dysfunction of the dominant hemisphere, whilst schizophrenia showed greater nondominant hemisphere dysfunction than hysteria. Further, a cluster analysis on the 40 subjects produced three clusters: normal controls, depressives, and a schizophrenia-hysteria grouping. These findings are interpreted as suggesting that dominant hemisphere dysfunction is fundamentally related to the syndrome of hysteria and that the dysfunction of the nondominant hemisphere is brought about by associated features: the female excess, the emotional instability and dysphoric mood, the presence of asymmetrical pain, and conversion symptomatology. It is further argued, in view of the familial associations, that hysteria in the female is a syndrome equivalent to psychopathy in the male (who also exhibits dominant hemisphere dysfunction) and might represent in the female a (relatively benign) variant of schizophrenia characterized by imprecise verbal communications, a subtle form of affective incongruity, together with the conversion parameter.
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PMID:A neuropsychological study of the stable syndrome of hysteria. 727 78

The NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule was administered by psychiatrists to 216 individuals. The DSM-III, Feighner, and RDC diagnoses derived from the computerized interview results were then compared for eight psychiatric disorders. Rates of diagnostic concordance among the systems are given, and the causes of diagnostic discrepancies are discussed. Diagnostic concordance was highest for mania and alcoholism and lowest for schizophrenia and antisocial personality disorder. Implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed.
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PMID:Diagnostic concordance between DSM-III, Feighner, and RDC. 729 83

The main difficulties in differential diagnosis of slowly progressing schizophrenia and borderline statess (schizoid psychopathy at the period of its formation, neurotic states, residual-organic states with pseudoautistic and heboid traits) in children and adolescents are discussed. A number of differential-diagnostic criteria are given. Unsolved problems of psychopathology and clinical symptomatology are listed, which create objective difficulties in the solution of the questions of differential diagnosis of slowly progressing schizophrenia and borderline states in childhood.
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PMID:[Current and unresolved problems in the differential diagnosis of schizophrenia and borderline states in childhood]. 743 33

The objective of this study was to assess the long-term outcome of antisocial personality disorder (APD) compared with depression, schizophrenia, and surgical conditions. Seventy-one men meeting DSM-III criteria for APD and hospitalized at the University of Iowa Department of Psychiatry between 1945 and 1970 were followed up between 1986 and 1990, an average of 29 years after discharge. Comparison groups, collected during the Iowa 500 study, included depressed subjects (n = 225), schizophrenic subjects (n = 200), and surgical control subjects (n = 160). Patients were rated as having good, fair, or poor adjustment for marital, residential, occupational, and psychiatric status. The Global Assessment Scale was also used to rate subjects. At follow-up, antisocial subjects were doing significantly better than schizophrenic subjects for marital and residential, but not occupational or psychiatric, adjustment. Both depressed subjects and surgical controls had significantly better adjustment than antisocial subjects in all areas except residential status. Although these data apply to antisocial men who had been psychiatrically hospitalized, we conclude that APD causes significant long-term impairment in important domains of life.
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PMID:The long-term outcome of antisocial personality disorder compared with depression, schizophrenia, and surgical conditions. 759 70

A study of risk factors for homelessness among the severely mentally ill was extended to include women, and a case-control study of 100 indigent women with schizophrenia meeting criteria for literal homelessness and 100 such women with no history of homelessness was conducted. Subjects were recruited from shelters, clinics, and inpatient psychiatric programs in New York City. Clinical interviewers used standardized research instruments to probe three domains of risk factors: severity of mental illness, family background, and prior mental health service use. Findings adjusted for ethnicity revealed that homeless women had higher rates of a concurrent diagnosis of alcohol abuse, drug abuse, and antisocial personality disorder. Homeless women also had less adequate family support.
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PMID:Risk factors for homelessness among women with schizophrenia. 762 18

The lifetime co-morbidity of major psychiatric disorders among male alcoholics was examined with the structured Psychiatric Diagnostic Interview (PDI), which was administered to 928 patients undergoing alcoholism treatment at six Veterans Administration Medical Centers. Thirty-eight percent were positive for alcoholism only; 62% fulfilled inclusive lifetime diagnostic criteria for at least one other additional psychiatric syndrome. Thirty percent satisfied criteria for one additional syndrome; 16% for two additional syndromes; 12% for three; and 4% for four or more disorders in addition to alcoholism. Depression and antisocial personality were the most frequently identified co-occurring syndromes (36% and 24%, respectively) followed by drug abuse and mania (17% each). The additional psychiatric syndromes in this sample were clearly not randomly distributed; instead, certain disorders tended to cluster together such as: drug abuse and antisocial personality; mania and depression; depression and anxiety disorder; and schizophrenia and affective disorder. Implications for classification and treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Co-morbidity of lifetime psychiatric disorder among male alcoholic patients. 769 19


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