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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The occasional abuse of anticholinergic drugs for their psychotropic and specifically hallucinogenic properties has been known for over a century, but benzhexol (trihexyphenidyl) abuse has only recently attracted attention in the literature, mainly in case reports. This paper reports on a study of 21 benzhexol abusers. They were a young, single, and disadvantaged group of polydrug abusers with poor employment, educational, and social skills, who abused benzhexol mainly for its euphorogenic properties. The two major diagnostic categories were antisocial personality disorder and schizophrenia. An unexpected finding was cognitive impairment persisting after acute intoxication.
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PMID:A study of benzhexol abuse. 647 24

The article is concerned with the qualification of the data of a pathopsychological examination in cases rendering the differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and psychopathy difficult. The authors suggest a new method of analyzing the findings on the basis of their comparision by a number of lines, which allows the identification of additional differential diagnostic criteria. The data obtained indicate that pathological changes may be expressed not only in the form of impairment of individual functions but also in an alteration of their correlations.
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PMID:[Problem of evaluation of the results of psychopathologic examinations]. 652 7

Patients with factitious illness present a particular challenge. Because they may be clever in their deception, they may be difficult to recognize as the fabricators of their apparent medical problem(s). Findings vary from relatively simple problems such as fever to more complex and often dramatic complaints of bleeding and pain. Differential diagnosis should include other, often more easily managed disorders such as somatoform disorders, malingering, antisocial personality, and schizophrenia. Because no definitive treatment exists, patients often consult many physicians, often in diverse geographical locations.
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PMID:Factitious illness. Dramatic deceit versus reality. 663 26

Adolescents aged 12-15 years, randomly selected from a psychiatric outpatient clinic, psychiatric consultation service, and general pediatric outpatient clinic, were given a complete psychiatric evaluation and structured diagnostic interview. Of 121 subjects studied, 100 satisfied Rutter and associates' criteria for a childhood psychiatric disorder. When these subjects were rediagnosed according to Feighner and associates' research diagnostic criteria (similar to DSM-III criteria), 52 fulfilled the criteria for an adult disorder. Diagnoses included antisocial personality, hysteria, schizophrenia, depression, mental retardation, anxiety neurosis, and undiagnosed psychiatric illness. There was a correlation between diagnosis according to Rutter and associates' criteria and adult diagnosis.
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PMID:Adult psychiatric disorders in psychiatrically ill young adolescents. 665 Jun 88

The aim of this study was to investigate etiological and nosological aspects of the schizotypal and borderline personality disorders. The sample consisted of 44 schizotypal, 15 schizotypal and borderline, and ten borderline same-sexed twin probands. The investigation of the co-twins indicated that genetic factors seemed to influence the development of the schizotypal, but not the borderline, personality disorders. The basic genetic core of the schizotypal syndrome seemed to consist of schizoid and paranoidlike features, and not psychoticlike cognitive and perceptual distortions. The study did not indicate any relationship between schizotypal and borderline personality disorders and affective and schizophrenic disorders. Further research is needed to confirm the independent status of the schizotypal syndrome in relation to the schizoid, avoidant, and paranoid personality disorders, and the borderline syndrome in relation to the histrionic , narcissistic, and antisocial personality disorders.
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PMID:Genetic and nosological aspects of schizotypal and borderline personality disorders. A twin study. 673 16

The authors compared a group of young female homicidal offenders with a group of middle-aged homicidal women as to demographic data, psychopathology, physical disorders and type of victims chosen. Young women tend to have low socioeconomic status, have antisocial personality disorder, and/or schizophrenia as psychiatric diagnoses and most likely kill their children, while mid-life women tend to have slightly higher socioeconomic status, suffer from affective disorder and alcoholism and have more frequent physical disorders and most likely murder their spouses. A significant finding noted among mid-life women is the high frequency of physical abuse by husbands who later become their homicide victims. Treatment implications of these findings are noted.
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PMID:A study of young-age and mid-life homicidal women admitted to a psychiatric hospital for pre-trial evaluation. 683 77

To test the validity of the DSM-III diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD), we examined the phenomenology, family history, treatment response, and four-to-seven-year long-term outcome of a cohort of 33 patients meeting DSM-III criteria for BPD. We found that (1) BPD could be distinguished readily from DSM-III schizophrenia; (2) BPD did not appear to represent "borderline affective disorder," although many patients displayed BPD and major affective disorder concomitantly; and (3) BPD could not be distinguished on any of the indices from histrionic and antisocial personality disorders.
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PMID:The validity of DSM-III borderline personality disorder. A phenomenologic, family history, treatment response, and long-term follow-up study. 684 16

A general survey of the borderline literature is presented. The diagnostic label "borderline" has predominantly been used in North America; nevertheless, many roots of this conception originate in the classical European psychiatry and psychoanalysis. The various diagnostic (mainly descriptive) criteria and characteristics of the borderline are discussed, as well as the most important psychoanalytic hypotheses and conceptions (such as splitting, projective identification, identity diffusion). The therapeutic principles are mentioned as well. The analysis of the surveyed literature reveals on the one hand, that a well defined borderline exists neither as a generally acknowledged clinical entity nor as a circumscribed psychopathological syndrome. On the other hand, there are three various borderline concepts clearly discernible: 1) borderline conceptualized as a form of schizophrenia, 2) borderline conceptualized as synonymous with the general category of psychopathy (personality disorder) and 3) borderline conceptualized as a special form of psychopathy.
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PMID:[Concerning the borderline (author's transl)]. 689 11

A comparative study of the frequency of EEG paroxysmal disturbances in healthy and schizophrenic children and adolescents was carried out. The study has enabled the authors to reveal a greater occurrence of bilateral outbreaks of relatively high-amplitude slow waves in the picture of the cortical rhythms in patients with paroxysmal schizophrenia, as well as in a group of patients with psychopathy-like disorder taking the form of persistent pathological cravings. The intensification of the paroxysmal outbreaks on the EEGs of the patients with paroxysmal schizophrenia can be regarded as an indication of incidental rises of the excitability of the brain systems synchronizing the cortical rhythms, these rises creating conditions favouring the transition from one functional state of the patients to another. On the other hand, marked paroxysmal outbreaks in patients suffering from continuous schizophrenia with prevalence of psychopathic heboid-type disorders in the clinical picture can be associated with pronounced signs of retardation and distortion of the age regularities of the development.
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PMID:[Paroxysmal EEG disorders in various forms of schizophrenia among children and adolescents]. 706 12

A survey evaluated current and lifetime rates of psychiatric disorders in 533 opiate addicts in treatment at a multimodality program. Information was gathered using a structured interview format, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime version, and the criteria were the Research Diagnostic Criteria. Most were give the diagnosis of at least one psychiatric disorder in addition to opiate addiction. The most common diagnoses were major depressive disorder, alcoholism, and antisocial personality, and rates of chronic minor mood disorders and anxiety disorders also were found to be elevated in comparison with those found in a community population. In contrast, rates of schizophrenia and mania were very low and did not exceed those reported for the general population. The findings are interpreted as suggesting the importance of detecting and attending to psychopathology associated with opiate addiction.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of psychiatric diagnosis in treated opiate addicts. 706 30


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