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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of 50 consecutive individuals referred for pretrial psychiatric examination, presumably because of previous psychiatric hospitalization (82 percent), indicated that antisocial personality, alcoholism, or drug dependence was present in 80 percent. Schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder was seen in about a third of the subjects, usually associated as well, however, with antisocial personality, alcoholism, or drug dependence. There were no significant differences in index crime between those with or without schizophenia bipolar affective disorder. It is concluded that the latter conditions occur in no more than two or three per cent of all felons.
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PMID:Psychiatric disorders and crime: a study of pretrial psychiatric examinations. 126 48

In Dutch samples of treated heroin addicts, high prevalences of a heterogeneous psychiatric co-morbidity can be found with regard to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (third edition) (DSM-III) classifications, Zung Depression Inventory, and sum scores of a 90-item Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). A high-threshold (N = 87) and a low-threshold (N = 116) program are compared with regard to psychopathology and severity of psychopathology. A consecutive admissions design was used. More than 50% of the respondents suffered from a lifetime DSM-III Axis I disorder (70% with antisocial personality disorder included), and 40% were still suffering from one of the disorders in the year preceding the interview. Schizophrenia was diagnosed five times as much as in normal population samples (5%). The most frequently diagnosed disorders were recurrent major depression, phobic disorders, alcohol abuse and dependence, dysthymic disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. The prevalences of DSM-III disorders, the total number of symptoms, and the score on the Zung Depression Inventory and 90-item Symptom Checklist were all significantly higher in treatment-seeking drug addicts entering the high-threshold program. Within each program, three clinically meaningful subgroups can be distinguished: one group with DSM-III Axis I lifetime or current psychopathology and/or antisocial personality disorder, one with antisocial personality disorder only, and one with neither DSM-III psychopathology nor antisocial personality disorder. Possibly, self-selection results in patients with more serious conditions entering more treatment-oriented facilities. Odds ratios show that schizophrenia and mood disorders and especially associated on a lifetime and current basis.
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PMID:Prevalence of psychopathology in drug-addicted Dutch. 131 65

We estimated the prevalence of psychiatric disability and disorders (depression, mania, schizophrenia, alcohol disorder, drug disorder, antisocial personality, and somatization) in the parents, siblings, and children of three groups of index cases: primary care patients with somatization disorder (n = 70), primary care patients who approached, but did not reach, DSM-III-R criteria for somatization disorder (n = 29), and randomly-selected community residents with no psychiatric disorder (n = 1633). Nearly all psychiatric disorders were more common in relatives of both patient samples than in relatives of community residents, and the patient samples rarely differed from each other. In the patient samples, the 22.9% rate of patients with multiple unexplained medical problems is substantially higher than previous investigations of somatization would predict. The most common disorders in patients' relatives were depression and alcohol disorder. There was little difference in the rates of depression in relatives of somatization patients who were or were not themselves depressed. A similar pattern occurred for alcohol disorder. There was a high risk for antisocial personality disorder in parents of patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for somatization disorder, but this increase was not found for other relatives.
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PMID:Family psychiatric history of patients with somatization disorder. 141 May 44

Are inverse relations between psychiatric disorders and socioeconomic status due more to social causation (adversity and stress) or social selection (downward mobility of genetically predisposed)? This classical epidemiological issue is tested by focusing on ethnic status in relation to socioeconomic status. Ethnic status cannot be an effect of disorder because it is present at birth whereas socioeconomic status depends on educational and occupational attainment. A birth cohort sample of 4914 young, Israel-born adults of European and North African background was selected from the country's population register, screened, and diagnosed by psychiatrists. Results indicate that social selection may be more important for schizophrenia and that social causation may be more important for depression in women and for antisocial personality and substance use disorders in men.
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PMID:Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: the causation-selection issue. 154 91

Since its first recognition, a number of researchers have endeavored to link anorexia nervosa to underlying pathology. For example, in the past, attempts were made to associate anorexia with such psychiatric disturbances as schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, and obsessive-compulsive and antisocial personality disorders. Most recent efforts have focused on the possible link between anorexia nervosa and affective disorders. This article reviews the literature concerned with investigating psychiatric disturbances and genetic variables hypothesized as predisposing factors in the etiology of anorexia nervosa. Particular emphasis is given to research which discusses the association between anorexia nervosa and depression. Psychopharmacological evidence and family genetics studies are reviewed. Suggestions for future research are also made.
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PMID:Predisposition factors in anorexia nervosa. 162 68

Fifty-six cases where the diagnosis of psychopathy was replaced by that of schizophrenia, 44 cases where the diagnosis of organic brain damage was replaced by schizophrenia, and 45 cases of the replacement of the diagnosis of schizophrenia by organic brain damage on repeated forensic psychiatry expert evaluation were subjected to a ++clinico-catamnestic analysis. The author describes the main ++clinico-social phenomena imitating some signs of the initially diagnosed disease and/or "overshadowing" criteria for the catamnestically verified pattern of psychopathology in psychopath-like conditions and delineates some combinations of such conditions. Proceeding from limited potentialities of " algorithms " of the diagnostic problems in psychiatry, especially with regard to the pathomorphosis as well as because of the complexity of forecasting particular signs and their number that may form a sufficient basis for correct or erroneous diagnosis in spite of a comparatively low incidence of the majority of the phenomena considered, all of them are regarded as practically significant.
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PMID:[Various clinico-social aspects of differential diagnosis of schizophrenia]. 166 64

A study was made of hereditary loading of probands with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) and of the degree of genetic homogeneity of the clinical varieties of the disturbance. Among 131 relatives of the patients, GTS was encountered in 1.52% of cases, whereas tics in 8.3% on the whole. It turned out as a result of a genetico-statistical analysis of different varieties of GTS that the excitable and inhibited subtypes of the typical Tourette's syndrome are homogeneous in terms of their hereditary loading and significantly differ (p greater than 0.05) from schizophrenia with Tourette-like disorders in the pathology of the schizophrenic spectrum (schizophrenia, schizoid psychopathy). Schizophrenia with Tourette-like disorders is genetically similar to sluggish schizophrenia of childhood (p = 0.95). In homogeneous hereditary predisposition to hyperkineses, their clinical diversity is determined both by the ground which gives rise to their development and by contribution of environmental factors.
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PMID:[Familial background of patients with Gilles de la Tourette's disease]. 166 17

Adolescents with mental disorder (residual organic conditions, psychopathy, schizophrenia, oligophrenia) were examined for hypophyseal thyroid and hypophyseal gonadal hormones in blood serum. The basic group included 98 subjects, the control one 25 mentally healthy subjects. Blood serum hormones were detected by RIA with the aid of kits of reagents manufactured in the USSR, France and Germany. The data obtained point to the presence of the latent hypothyroid condition in patients with psychopathy and schizophrenia, and in part of patients with associated residual organic brain injuries and manifest mental disorders. Comparative assessment of the content of tropic hormones of the pituitary and sex hormones in blood serum with regard to the puberty type has demonstrated that during the pubertal crisis, the study clinico-nosological groups manifested the predominance of disordered types of puberty: dysharmonious (34%), retarded (31%), and accelerated (6%). The hormonal characteristics and clinico-biochemical correlations confirm the role of hormonal disorders in the formation of psychopathological disturbances in adolescents experiencing the pubertal crisis.
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PMID:[Characteristics of hormonal homeostasis in adolescents with mental disorders]. 166 23

Two equal samples each including 23 probands with nonpsychotic depressions within the framework of cyclothymia and sluggish schizophrenia and their relatives of the first degree kinship were examined. It has been established that the cyclothymic proband in the families is at high risk for endogenous affective disorders whereas during sluggish schizophrenia, the risk of mental diseases is not limited by cyclothymia. The probands' relatives may also be attributed to a group at risk for schizophrenia. The data obtained may be interpreted as pathogenetic evidence of the clinical differentiation of endogenous nonpsychotic depressions. Alcoholism and psychopathy loads in the families examined are under discussion.
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PMID:[Mental pathology in the families of patients with endogenous non-psychotic depression]. 166 18

There is some indication that addicts who qualify for a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (ASP) do not comprise a homogeneous group with respect to psychopathology. This preliminary study attempted to determine the extent to which DSM-III diagnosed ASP alcoholics with alcoholism on both sides of their family could be differentiated with respect to childhood behavioral problems and additional adult psychopathology from ASP alcoholics with low degrees of familial alcoholism. Two groups of ASP alcoholic patients were compared: (1) 11 high familial (bilineal) alcoholics, and (2) 22 low familial (nonfamilial or unilineal) alcoholics. Few group differences were found in sociodemographic or alcohol-related characteristics, although the high familial group tended to be younger. However, the high familial alcoholism group tended to report more childhood antisocial behaviors and more childhood behavior problems overall. The high familial alcoholism group also reported more psychopathology on three of the 10 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) clinical scales, paranoia (P less than .05), schizophrenia (P less than .06), and masculine-feminine (P less than .025). Effect sizes for these three variables were in the moderate range. The group MMPI profile of the high familial alcoholism group was indicative of serious characterological disturbances, while that of the low familial alcoholism group was much more normal. The results of this preliminary study provided evidence suggesting that antisocial individuals with a high degree of familial alcoholism are more likely to manifest psychopathology than antisocial individuals with a lesser degree of familial alcoholism.
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PMID:Psychiatric heterogeneity in antisocial alcoholics: relation to familial alcoholism. 174 13


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