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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The examination of 32 children with Kanner's syndrome of early infantile autism permits to assume that this syndrome in some of the cases is expressed only by inborn anomalies which correspond to constitutional psychopathy in adults. In most of the cases this syndrome forms the initial expression of child schizophrenia. In separate cases disorders very similar to Kanner's syndrome may be seen after the first olliterated attack during early childhood (up to 3 years). A comparative study of the same indices of development of 268 children with an early onset of schizophrenic process in spite of some differences confirms that Kanner's syndrome is very close to childhood schizophrenia. An analysis of genealogical data shows genetical relations of Kanner's syndrome with child schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Kanner's syndrome and childhood schizophrenia]. 5 49

By reviewing causes of death among cohorts of various major disease entities or conditions, one may infer that a large majority of suicides are associated with a relatively small number of conditions. From the available follow-up studies, we might estimate that the following percentage of affected individuals will die by suicide: primary (endogenous) depression, 15 per cent; reactive (neurotic) depression, 15 per cent; alcoholism, 15 per cent; schizophrenia, 10 per cent; psychopathic personality, 5 per cent; opiate addiction, 10 per cent or more. Rough estimates of the number of suicides per year in the United States attributable to each condition might be as follows (using low incidence figures): depression, 12,900; alcoholism, 6,900; schizophrenia, 3,800; psychopathy, 2,000 (?); drug addiction, 900.
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PMID:Conditions predisposing to suicide: a review. 32 25

Nervous anorexia seen in males (25 cases), having a certain similarity in the clinical picture with female anorexia, has nevertheless, some special traits. Cases of anorexia in males are characterized by a higher predominance of hereditary loading, by an earlier onset (10--14 in comparison to 15--20 of female anorexia), a rather early appearance of refined deficitary symptomatology, and frequently enough a rapid psychopathization. However, these patients preserve formal abilities for a rather long period. The disease, as a rule, is an expression of a schizophrenic process unlike female anorexia, where this form of pathology may be inherent not only to schizophrenia but also to neuroses, psychopathy or be an independent psychosomatic disorder.
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PMID:[Anorexia nervosa in men]. 51 74

The authors studied 26 patients with slowly progressive schizophrenia, where prior to distinct symptoms of a schizophrenic process there was a reactive depression in the framework of the dynamics of psychopathy and in patients with an eventual development of the schizophrenic process. The report contains arguments indicating to the possibility of assessing the period of reactive lability, prior to the manifestation of schizophrenia, as a latent phase in the development of an endogenous process.
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PMID:[Psychogenic onsets of slowly progressive schizophrenia]. 67 15

Slowly progressive schizophrenia in children is marked in 45.5% of all the cases. This form of development usually cannotes a favourably developing variant of continuous and attack-like schizophrenia, characterized by a gradual increase of psychopath-like (schizoid) personality changes. For this reason it is necessary to differentiate the diagnosis of schizophrenia with the dynamics of psychopathy in children. The paper contains data of some criteria of a differential diagnosis of slowly progressive schizophrenia in relation to early childhood autism, psychic infantilism, obsessional neurosis, pathologically developing age crises and cyclothymia in children.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of slowly progressive schizophrenia in children]. 71 27

The author studied 40 patients with the syndrome of hysterical hypochondria (27 of them were with slowly progressive schizophrenia), where the structure of the clinical picture was composed of hysterical and anxious-phobic disturbances of a hypochondriacal content, as well as of affective disorders appearing in the process of the disease. In nonprogressive states (psychopathy and pseudopsychopathy) there was an insignificant modification of the syndrome with a reduction of the vegetative and phobic symptomatology. A progressive development of the schizophrenic process was accompanied by modification of the whole syndrome and complication of it by an adjoinment of cenesthopathy. The disease in such cases was accompanied by mild negative personality changes (mainly within the framework of psychopathlike disturbances of the asthenic pole).
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PMID:[Clinical features of the syndrome of hysterical hypochondriasis]. 89 76

The author studied 100 adolescent boys from 12-18 years of age with schizophrenia in whom either in the onset, remission or during the entire extent of the disease there was a psychopath-like syndrome. Three variants of such conditions are described, they resemble schizoid, unstable and epileptoid psychopathy. The report contains differential diagnostical criteria of these states. Some common symptoms for all variants of psychopath-like pictures are given: ambivalency, unmotivated cruelty or seemingly crude demonstrativeness in suicidal activity, unmotivated wandering instead of goal-directed escapes, abuse of alcohol or narcotics as doping, etc.
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PMID:[Variants of psychopath-like pictures in adolescents with schizophrenia]. 99 94

The studies established some differences in the serotonin metabolism in psychopaths and in patients with sluggish schizophrenia (261+/-9 ng/ml and 329+/-7 ng/ml of whole blood respectively). A comparison of the homovanilin acid content in the blood serum of patients in both groups (normals -62.1+/-9.3 ng/ml, psychopathic personalities -86.0+/-10.1 ng/ml, schizophrenic patients -34.5+/-8.6 ng/ml) points to a tendency towards an intensification of the dopamine metabolism in patients with psychopathy and a drop in the intensity of dopamine metabolism in schizophrenic patients.
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PMID:[Differences in serotonin and dopamine metabolism in psychopathy and sluggish schizophrenia]. 101 96

Continuing the main concepts developed by P. B. Gannushkin concerning epileptoid psychopathy as an independent form of personality anomaly the author considers some clinical traits and the dynamics of this form of psychopathy. Epileptoid psychopathy is evaluated in the light of an interaction of epileptoid traits in the personality with some external influences and diseases of an organic nature. The paper deals with different variants of psychogenic reactions in this contingent of patients, reactions to intoxication influences and special clinical traits of this form of psychopathy in combination with organic brain lesions and in particularly with arteriosclerosis. Besides, the author discusses some problems of interrelations of epileptoid psychopathy with schizophrenia and epilepsy.
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PMID:[The clinical picture of epileptoid psychopathy in light of the views of P.B Gannushkin]. 121 Sep 53

A review of historical developments in the field of human genetics reveals much conflict between those espousing and hereditarian position and those maintaining an environmentalist point of view. A confusion of political, propaganda, and ideological objectives with those of science has had deleterious effects on the field of human genetics, and upon the willingness of some disciplines to accept genetic contributions to the understanding of human behavior. Modern thinking in behavioral genetics rejects the Nature-Nurture dichotomy as incorrect and meaningless. The phenotype cannot be inherited; it develops as a function of interactions between the genotype and the environment. It is convenient to think of hereditary contributions to behavioral traits as fixing a reaction range; the genotype may be viewed as determining an indefinite but nevertheless circumscribed assortment of phenotypes. There have been numerous studies seeking to ascertain the genetic factors in a variety of mental disorders. The mental disorder most thoroughly studied from a genetic standpoint is schizophrenia. Three recent studies of adoptees, two in Denmark and one in America, have indicated the importance of hereditary factors in schizophrenia. Biological relatives of adoptees diagnosed as schizophrenic were more likely themselves to have suffered schizophrenic-spectrum disorders than were biological relatives of non-schizophrenic adoptees. Adoptees whose biological parents were schizophrenic or manic depressive were more likely to themselves be diagnosed schizophrenic than were adoptees whose biological parents had no psychiatric history. Children born to hospitalized schizophrenic women and who were placed for adoption shortly after birth were more likely to be schizophrenic than were matched control adoptees born to non-schizophrenic mothers. In studies conducted in Denmark, Schulsinger has also employed the adoptee method in studies of psychopathy. Diagnostic criteria were developed to reliably identify 57 cases of psychopathy from among 507 adoptees with known mental disorders. A non-psychopathic group of matched control adoptees was also formed. Mental illness among the relatives of these adoptee cases (biological and adoptive relatives) was ascertained through a careful search of psychiatric records. Psychopathic spectrum disorders were found to be more than twice as prevalent among biological relatives of the psychopathic index cases than was the case for biological relatives of the control cases. The percentage of affected cases among adoptive relatives was nearly equal for both study groups. Thus, this study provides a demonstration of the possible importance of genetic factors in the etiology of psychopathy. Other attempts to assess hereditary and constitutional aspects of criminal behavior have been made. These include twin studies and also Eysenck's study of the heritability of behavioral traits including extraversion, introversion, and emotionality.
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PMID:[Current developments in genetics and their implications concerning the problems of social deviations]. 123 Aug 25


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