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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A representative sample (R.S.) of 79 subjects living in Edinburgh common lodging houses was compared with a clinical series (C.S.) of 44 patients from the same type of resisence. C.S. patients were more likely to be out of work, to be under 55 years of age, and to have been married as some time. They had spent much shorter times in lodging houses, in Edinburgh and at their current address. Alcoholism was rather more often diagnosed in the C.S., and personality disorder much more often. Schizophrenia tended to be found more in the R.S. The C.S. obtained higher Personal Illness and 'Character Disorder' scores. It is concluded that those subjects presenting to the psychiatric services are a highly selected group quite unrepresentative of homeless single persons in general.
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PMID:The homeless person and the psychiatric services: an Edinburgh survey. 5 3

The historical search for meaningful relationships between alcoholism and schizophrenia is reviewed. The results are considered inconclusive and further lines of research are suggested.
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PMID:Alcoholism and schizophrenia: the search for perspectives. A review. 24 68

A sample of 2,115 persons responded to an article in a popular magazine by taking the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) and supplying personal information by mail, including data about past treatment, hospitalization, and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Subjects falling into certain diagnostic categories were closely matched with controls from the same sample who reported no history, treatment, or diagnosis of disorder. SSS scores were not related to general psychopathology, unipolar depression, schizophrenia, or neurosis, but were found to be elevated in persons reporting a history of manic-depressive or sociopathic spectrum (including alcoholism and drug abuse) disorder.
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PMID:Sensation seeking and psychopathology. 29 53

By reviewing causes of death among cohorts of various major disease entities or conditions, one may infer that a large majority of suicides are associated with a relatively small number of conditions. From the available follow-up studies, we might estimate that the following percentage of affected individuals will die by suicide: primary (endogenous) depression, 15 per cent; reactive (neurotic) depression, 15 per cent; alcoholism, 15 per cent; schizophrenia, 10 per cent; psychopathic personality, 5 per cent; opiate addiction, 10 per cent or more. Rough estimates of the number of suicides per year in the United States attributable to each condition might be as follows (using low incidence figures): depression, 12,900; alcoholism, 6,900; schizophrenia, 3,800; psychopathy, 2,000 (?); drug addiction, 900.
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PMID:Conditions predisposing to suicide: a review. 32 25

The granting of abortions according to the psychiatric indication (PI) in West Germany is discussed. The PI is sharply differentiated from the emergency indication, which is of a social nature. These 2 indications merge in the case of psycho-social considerations. Possible psychological complications of the abortion operation itself should be considered in deciding whether an abortion should be granted, and a waiting period of at least a day should be allowed for both patient and physician before a definite decision is made. The indication for sterilization in conjunction with the abortion operation and the possibility of continuing therapy for those whose abortions are not granted are additional considerations or the decision on the suitability of the PI for a particular patient. The evaluation of suicidal tendencies is important for the psychological evaluation of abortion seekers. In general, cases of endogenous depression do not constitute a indication for abortion, while reactive depression may lead to depressive decompensation in a patient who has an unwanted pregnancy. The prognosis in such cases is especially hard to determine in younger patients. Character neuroses and alcoholism or similar diseases complicate the psychiatrical determination. In cases of schizophrenia and oligophrenia with good prognoses, abortion is not usually indicated. Most applications for abortion which are denied under the PI are of social character and belong under the emergency indication, e.g. serious physical illness of the mother, other handicapped family members, young, unwed mothers. These principles are illustrated with sample cases.
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PMID:[Psychiatric indications for pregnancy interruption]. 35 Aug 3

One of the earliest Nazi efforts to create a super race was the mass sterilization of German citizens through radiation or surgery. A law enacted on July 14, 1933 stated that all patients suffering from hereditary mental disorders, schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, hereditary epilepsy, chorea, blindness, deafness, other serious hereditary defects or alcoholism must be sterilized. Special courts were created. Directors of psychiatric institutions, certain doctors, as well as the patients themselves were called before the court. All medical personnel including nurses and midwives were to report anyone in their care who should be sterilized. Patients had the alternation of willingly committing themselves for life into a "closed" institution, where they would have no opportunity for heterosexual actifity. On the whole, German society did not support this law, particularly relatives and family of patients. From the sketchy records available, it is clear that there were often casualties and that patients were hunted out and forced to submit to sterilization.
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PMID:[Compulsory sterilization in the Breslau district in 1934-1944]. 37 15

1. The meaning of the consistently high estimates of heritability of psychiatric disorders such as affective disorders and schizophrenia is that a small proportion of families accounts for a very large proportion of the population diagnostic variance. 2. This implies that the classic community mental health services model of a randomly distributed risk in a geographically defined catchment area population is inappropriate, and that efficient case finding and follow-up would result from tracing illness within pedigrees of known cases. 3. Application to clinical practice of family study methods developed in genetic research enables efficient identification of unrecognized and untreated cases, and early provision of care (secondary prevention). The use of family study methods will also uncover milder and variant ("spectrum") forms of illness in relatives of known patients, which then become accessible to treatment. 4. A family study of affective illness at the United States National Institute of Mental Health, demonstrated how additional ill persons including previously untreated cases could be identified. Starting with 86 Bipolar probands, we interviewed all available first degree relatives, and saw second degree relatives if there was indicated psychopathology by history. 5. Of the 405 living first degree relatives of 86 Bipolar I patients, the study found 1.2% had lifetime diagnosis of untreated Bipolar illness, 2.7% had untreated Unipolar illness, 4% had less severe personality disorders and 2% suffered from behavioral disorders such as drug abuse or alcoholism.
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PMID:Genetic methods and preventive psychiatry. 40 51

Of 54 male psychiatric patients undergoing dexamethasone suppression tests in a clinical setting, 40% of those with a major depressive disorder showed escape from suppression over the 24 hours after dexamethasone administration, while all of the patients with schizophrenia, neurosis, alcoholism,and drug abuse showed normal pituitary-adrenal suppression. Only 10% of the depressed patients showed resistance to suppression 8 hours after dexamethasone administration. There was no difference between depressed patients who did and did not show escape from suppression in type of previous episodes, family history, symptoms, or medication. However, those who showed escape tended to respond better to treatment and to be rated as having a more severe depression. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are not yet clear.
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PMID:The 24-hour dexamethasone suppression test in a clinical setting: relationship to diagnosis, symptoms, and response to treatment. 42 40

The authors compared 48 adult psychiatric patients (27 men and 21 women) who had been hyperactive as children with two groups of patients who had not. Both comparison groups were matched for age and sex and the second was also matched for economic status. Although closer matching narrowed the gap somewhat, the formerly hyperactive subjects still showed significantly more personality disorder of all types, more sociopathy, more alcoholism, and less affective disorder than controls. Schizophrenia and drug abuse occurred no more often in these subjects than in the comparison groups.
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PMID:Diagnosis of adult psychiatric patients with childhood hyperactivity. 45 59

The first part of the study indicates that this small unit has a rapid turnover, that the population is young and that there are fresh cases. The main reason for admission in males are first alcoholism and secondly schizophrenia, and for women first depression and neurotic troubles and secondly endogenous depressions. The second part of this study deals with length of stays and shows that it behaves like random variables of Pascal, with a mean stay of 34 days and a peak within the three first days of hospitalisation.
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PMID:[Hospitalisation profile in a psychiatric service within a general hospital (author's transl)]. 55 45


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