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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty-nine patients, each with a combined diagnosis of epilepsy and psychosis, were compared with 53 patients with a diagnosis of functional psychosis. The epileptic affective patients often lacked convincing psychotic features; ECT and lithium were rarely prescribed; only three showed evidence of bipolarity. The epileptic schizophrenic patients were judged to have the better premorbid personality; experienced more paranoid delusions and delusions of reference, and showed less catatonic features than the functional schizophrenic patients. The course of the epileptics' illness was more variable. The concept that the schizophrenia-like psychosis associated with epilepsy is a distinct nosological entity is supported, but not the suggestion of a relationship between affective psychosis and epilepsy.
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PMID:The psychoses of epilepsy and the functional psychoses: a clinical and phenomenological comparison. 713 7

100 records of divorced inpatients were compared with 100 records of married inpatients after having been matched according to sex, age, and social background. Almost 50% of the divorced patients were hospitalized within the first year after their divorce, i.e, this is the period which should be concentrated on when taking preventive measures. The most frequent duration of the marriage was between 5 to 10 years whereas in the population it was only between 3 and 5 years. This suggests that divorces after only a few years of marriage do not have such traumatic effects. The diagnoses of psychopathic personality, alcohol and drug dependence, attempted suicide and neurotic and reactive depressions were more frequently made with divorced that with married patients. Affective psychosis and cerebral-organic illnesses, however, were not so often found. The divorced patients being hospitalized within the first year after their divorce could be divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup comprised patients with frequent diagnosis of personality disorders and attempted suicide who were hospitalized for the first time after their divorce and needed only a short-term stay in hospital. In the second subgroup were patients who had already been hospitalized before their divorce - frequently with the diagnosis of schizophrenia -; that means they became recidivous after their divorce and needed a long-term stay in hospital. Social problems were especially relevant with divorced patients.
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PMID:[Psychiatric hospitalization of divorced persons]. 726 35

We investigated the extent psychiatric illnesses can be differentiated by means of psychopathological symptoms. The present condition of 2269 patients was analyzed; they had been admitted to the psychiatric clinic of the Free University of Berlin during 1971-1976, as documented by the AMP (PAS) documentation system. The most frequent diagnosis in the sample was schizophrenia (32%), followed by neurosis (22%), affective psychosis (14%), addiction (6.7%), and organic psychosis (6.2%). We could demonstrate that even such diagnostic groups are usually discernible by symptoms, where the differential diagnosis is often difficult. Organic psychosis vs paranoid schizophrenia and depressive neurosis vs depressive psychosis can be determined, but manic syndromes in schizoaffective psychosis vs manic syndromes in affective psychosis are hardly discernible. The potential to differentiate, however, only pertains to diagnostic groups, since many individual patients cannot accurately be classified into diagnostic groups by psychopathological symptoms alone. Only a few symptoms are pathognomonic, and if there are pathogomonic symptoms characterizing a diagnostic group, only a few patients in this group show these symptoms. These results indicate, at least for the high number of patients without severe and typical symptomatology, that we must: 1. Achieve better differentiation on the diagnostic axis "psychopathology" by means of empirically derived syndromes instead of isolated symptoms. 2. Use other diagnostic axes (like etiology and course) for differential diagnostic purposes.
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PMID:[The potential of psychopathological symptoms to differentiate diagnostic groups (author's transl)]. 727 35

This investigation extends the findings reported by Salzman and Klein (1978) concerning the skin conductance response (SCR) of the offspring of parents who had been hospitalized for a psychiatric illness. Skin conductance during rest and during experiments testing habituation and conditioning of the SCR was recorded in 7-year-old (n = 42) and 10-year-old (n = 57) children. Among the 7-year-olds, 11 had a parent with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, 12 had a parent with a diagnosis of affective psychosis and 19 had a nonpsychotic parent. Among the 10-year-olds, the corresponding distribution was 13 (schizophrenic), 20 (affective), and 24 (nonpsychotic). The results indicate (1) no marked tendency toward either rapid or absent habituation in the offspring of schizophrenics; (2) evidence of significantly greater conditioning among the 10-year-old offspring of schizophrenics; (3) only very weak evidence of greater responsiveness to intense stimuli among the offspring of schizophrenics; (4) no evidence of differences in SCR recovery time among the three groups of children; and (5) differences between diagnostic groups among the 10-year-old children in the pattern of tonic skin conductance levels across experiments. Differences in results between the two age groups were unexpected, but may represent either heterogeneity of diagnosis in the parents or developmental trends in electrodermal activity in the children. In sum, the results of this study produce only partial confirmation of the findings reported in the earlier investigation.
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PMID:Habituation and conditioning of skin conductance responses in children at risk. 728 May 67

The relation between schizophrenia birth rates and environmental temperature was studied in patients born in England and Wales during 1921-1955 and first admitted there in 1970-1977. A methodological difficulty due to varying age-incidence was avoided by the use of indices independent of yearly changes in rates. Birth rates in the second quarter and in the first half of the year showed high negative correlations with mean temperatures of the first quarter and first half of the year. Comparison of years with the coldest and with the warmest seasons showed the schizophrenia birth rate to be consistently higher in the coldest years. No comparable relations between birth rates and temperature were found for patients with affective psychosis, neurosis or personality disorder. The findings indicate an association between schizophrenia birth rates and temperature of a kind similar to that between infant death rates and temperature during the years 1921-55. Some implications are discussed.
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PMID:A relation between seasonal temperature and the birth rate of schizophrenic patients. 731 86

A prospective study was carried out on 30 patients suffering from a psychotic episode following a stressful life event. They were found to have an Emotional, Timid, Sensitive, Tense and Insecure personality. Sleep disturbance, Affective symptoms, Histrionic behaviour and Excitement were the common clinical features. Sixty-six per cent were found to be clinically and socially remitted during a 6 months' follow-up. For 20% the diagnosis was revised to Affective Psychosis and for 10% to Schizophrenia.
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PMID:Reactive psychosis. A prospective study. 736 90

The sex ratio of the full siblings was examined for 279 patients with schizophrenia, 416 with affective psychosis, and 1259 patients with other psychiatric diagnoses. An overall excess of brothers was found, but there was no significant difference in the sibling ratio between any of the diagnostic groups. The excess of brothers probably reflects the pattern of live births in the general population.
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PMID:Sex ratio of siblings of psychiatric patients. 737 22

Section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983 (England and Wales) is a commonly used short term power of detention often implemented by junior medical staff, which has no statutory right of appeal. There is little published analysis of its use in clinical practice. A detailed case note study of its use in a psychiatric service with a large catchment area is presented. Fifty-seven per cent of the patients detained under s.5(2) were female. Affective psychosis was over-represented in detained females, while schizophrenia and paranoid states were over-represented in males. Eight per cent of s.5(2) detentions were initiated via the nurses' holding power, s.5(4). None of these patients were subsequently regraded to s.2 or 3, which may be accounted for by the finding that personality disorder and alcohol dependence were more commonly diagnosed in this subgroup. Of s.5(2) detainees, none of those with a non-psychotic disorder were regraded to s.2 or 3. Three patients had not accepted in-patient admission prior to implementation of s.5(2). Moreover, 38 per cent of all s.5(2) detentions took place within 24 hours of admission. Patients with a psychotic disorder were more likely to be detained within 24 hours of admission. Doubts regarding the validity of consent to voluntary admission in these patients are raised.
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PMID:Doctors' holding power in practice: section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983. 765 Nov 2

To determine whether the prognostic implications of negative symptoms apply to functional psychotic disorders other than schizophrenia, we investigated the significance of negative symptoms in the 18-month course of individuals experiencing a first episode of affective psychosis. Although negative symptoms were found to occur during the acute phase of a major depression or a bipolar disorder with psychotic features, they did not endure and had limited prognostic value. Further, the findings suggest that enduring negative symptoms may be specific to schizophrenia.
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PMID:Negative symptoms in the course of first-episode affective psychosis. 766 39

Demographic, obstetric, clinical features and clinical outcome of 100 consecutive admissions to a psychiatric mother and baby unit are presented. Referral patterns by health services involved are also examined. 56% of admissions occurred within 2 weeks of delivery and the mean duration of admission was 2 months. Patients were categorized as having schizophrenia (n = 20), affective psychosis (n = 56) or non-psychotic disorders (n = 24) and these three groups were compared. There were few demographic and obstetric differences between diagnostic categories. The affective psychosis group were more likely to have acute illnesses with an onset and admission occurring within 2 weeks of delivery. Women with non-psychotic disorders were also most likely to become ill within 2 weeks of delivery but tended to be admitted later. Only 7% of the affective psychotic and non-psychotic women were discharged separated from their infants. Women with schizophrenia were less likely to have acute admissions and required greater input of nursing and service resources than mothers with other illnesses but 50% were discharged without their infants. More research is needed into matching models of care to the needs of mothers with different kinds of chronic, recurrent and new episodes of mental illness that present after childbirth. There are few guidelines to aid clinical staff in assessing the risk, current or future, of significant harm to an infant as a consequence of maternal mental illness, particularly of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Clinical survey of a psychiatric mother and baby unit: characteristics of 100 consecutive admissions. 771 4


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