Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient experienced an organic affective psychosis on three separate occasions after taking recommended doses of non-prescription cold/sinus preparations. The possible underlying pharmacological mechanisms of this clinical reaction lend support to the cholinergic-adrenergic balance hypothesis of affective disorders. Recognition of this acute drug-induced state can lead to appropriate short-term pharmacotherapy and can prevent misdiagnosis of a major affective disorder or schizophrenia.
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PMID:Organic affective psychosis associated with the routine use of non-prescription cold preparations. 238 71

One hundred and eighty-three patients suffering from functional psychoses were diagnosed according to ICD-8, RDC, and DSM-III criteria, and the concordance rates for the diagnoses compared. The heterogeneity of the diagnosis 'schizoaffective psychosis' as defined by these systems became clear. With respect to prognosis, the DSM-III diagnosis of schizophrenia was most closely related to poor outcome. Affective psychoses and schizoaffective psychoses, as well as DSM-III 'schizophreniform disorders', demonstrated a favourable prognosis.
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PMID:The classification of functional psychoses and its implications for prognosis. 259 Jul 77

A retrospective study of the demographic and clinical characteristics of 73 consecutive patients aged 60 years and over admitted for the first time into a psychiatric hospital in Nigeria shows that they constituted about 5% of all admissions over a 2-year period. While the majority (58%) were aged below 70 years, 8% were aged over 80 years, with more females than males living to the older age groups. Single status, separation and divorce were more common among males; widowhood was more common among the females. A high illiteracy rate of 86% was recorded, with more males than females being literate. More than 84% belonged to the 2 lowest socioeconomic classes. There was a significant difference in the distribution of diagnostic categories, with senile dementia, affective psychosis, neurotic disorders and paranoid states more common among the females, while arteriosclerotic dementia and schizophrenia were diagnosed more often among the males. Functional psychosis (49%) was the largest diagnostic category, followed by organic psychosis (30%), while neurotic disorders (10%) ranked third. Within the functional psychoses, paranoid states (30%) predominated, followed by affective disorders (14%) consisting mainly of depressive symptoms; 6% presented with schizophrenic illness; and 11% presented with physical illness with associated psychiatric manifestations. There was a long delay before referral to hospital, associated with use of alternative medical facilities (traditional and spiritual healers). The probable sociocultural antecedents and medical and social implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Psychiatric disorders of old age in Enugu, Nigeria. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. 278 67

The Markers and Predictors of Psychosis study at the University of British Columbia addresses the role of psychosocial factors, such as social relationships, in predicting the short-term course of first-episode schizophrenia. Before their first episode of illness, schizophrenic subjects had fewer and less satisfactory social relationships than subjects with affective psychosis and a matched, normal comparison group. Nonfamily social resources were positively associated with good prognosis for both psychotic groups. While involvement with family members also predicted good prognosis among subjects with affective psychosis, family involvement had a negative association with outcome among schizophrenic subjects.
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PMID:The role of social relationships in the course of first-episode schizophrenia and affective psychosis. 281 18

Risk of rehospitalization was investigated in 100 former psychiatric inpatients with ICD-9 diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective and affective psychosis in a 6- to 7-year interval following discharge. Subtype of disorder, aftercare characteristics, previous course of illness and specific sociodemographic factors were hypothesized to predict the probability of readmissions to a hospital. For time-related statistical analyses the survival approach and proportional hazards model were used. The risk of rehospitalization varies considerably between the diagnostic subgroups studied, depending on the length of the observation period chosen. Schizophrenics had the highest risk (after 3 years 66%, 6 years 80%), followed by schizoaffective patients (58 and 65%) and affective psychosis patients (41 and 58%). Aftercare in a short defined period after discharge from the hospital reduced significantly the risk of readmission for patients with an affective psychosis and patients who were married. Former rehospitalization increases the risk of a readmission. Severity of psychopathological features had only minor predictive value.
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PMID:Risk of rehospitalization of psychotic patients. A 6-year follow-up investigation using the survival approach. 281 28

Forty-seven psychotic inpatients who required neuroleptic treatment were studied with respect to some clinical and biochemical variables associated with early neuroleptic response. Compared to poor early responders, good responders were older at onset of illness and at index admission, less likely to have had a schizoid developmental history, and more likely to be married. There was a trend for good early responders to have received a diagnosis of affective psychosis or atypical psychotic disorder rather than schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder. However, no behavioral symptom or sign differentiated good from poor early responders with the possible exception of pretreatment psychomotor retardation, which showed some association with poor response. Fasting plasma-free homovanillic acid was significantly higher in the good response group and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylene glycol showed a similar trend.
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PMID:Early neuroleptic response: clinical profiles and plasma catecholamine metabolites. 288 37

Among custodially remanded male prisoners from Greater London and its surrounds, in 1979-1980, nearly 3% (63 men) were aged 55 or over, about one third of these being over 65. More than 40% were detained on theft charges and few for more serious offences, although serious violence was not unknown and nearly one-fifth of those 65 or over were subsequently convicted of non-violent sexual assaults. Like their younger counterparts, less than one-fifth of those aged 55 or over appeared to be first-time offenders. About half of the men of 55 or over had active symptoms of psychiatric disorder on entering the prison and about half had some form of physical disorder, twice the rates for those under 55. Psychosis and alcoholism were the major psychiatric problems; 27% were alcoholics, to the extent of showing withdrawal symptoms on or soon after entering prison. Schizophrenia was less common than the younger age groups, but affective psychosis more so; 37% of the older men had a major functional psychosis. Two-thirds of the 55-64 age group and over three-quarters of the over 65s were without an address; most of both groups were personally isolated.
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PMID:Elderly offenders. A study of age-related factors among custodially remanded prisoners. 316 68

Experimental neuropsychologic tests were administered to acute patients with schizophrenia and affective psychosis and to normal controls. Patients had remitting illnesses. Tests included memory for recurring digit and block spans (left and right temporohippocampal), digit and block spans (lateralized parietal/frontal), spatial and nonspatial conditional associate learning (frontohippocampal), and oral word fluency to letter-designated categories (frontal) and semantic-designated categories (left-sided). In 81% of schizophrenic patients patterned deficits incompatible with generalized losses of function were disclosed. Patterns were heterogeneous and characterized by (1) the frequency and severity of left temporohippocampal impairment; (2) asymmetric frontohippocampal function such that severity of bilateral impairment was associated with poorer nonspatial learning and superior performance with better nonspatial learning; (3) syndrome relationships predicted by the hemisphere imbalance syndrome model pertaining to positive and negative symptoms and the catatonic syndrome; (4) a generalized deficit independent of temporohippocampal functions; and (5) no relationship between performance and computed tomographic signs or medication. Patients with affective disorders had patterned deficits characterized by bilateral impairments that disclosed a preponderance of deficits in spatial learning and memory; depressives demonstrated impairments in digit span.
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PMID:Impairments on neuropsychologic tests of temporohippocampal and frontohippocampal functions and word fluency in remitting schizophrenia and affective disorders. 338 22

Forty-six patients with the ICD diagnosis of schizophrenic or similar paranoid psychosis, 35 patients with the ICD diagnosis of affective psychosis, 22 patients with the ICD diagnosis of schizoaffective psychosis, and a large sample of control probands from the general population were followed up using standardized assessment procedures 5-8 years after index hospital treatment. A comparison of respective psychopathological or social outcome measures among the diagnostic groups and between patients and matched non-patients from the general population survey confirms the hypothesis that patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia have, as a group, the poorest degree of psychopathological disturbances and social maladjustment. However, there is a large subgroup with a favourable outcome. Some predictors for poor outcome, described in the literature and in a former follow-up study of ours, could be confirmed. Under the aspect of invariance under different sample conditions, the predictive power of some prognostic scales, such as the Stephens Scale, the Vaillant Scale, and the Strauss-Carpenter Scale, was substantiated.
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PMID:Psychopathological and social outcome in schizophrenia versus affective/schizoaffective psychoses and prediction of poor outcome in schizophrenia. Results from a 5-8 year follow-up. 338 74

A group of 46 persons who had attempted suicide by jumping was compared on clinical and social-demographic parameters with another group of 214 persons who had attempted suicide by drug overdose. The differential characteristics of persons attempting suicide by jumping are the following: more often men, of a more advanced age, married or widowed, more often suffering from major psychopathology (that is affective psychosis-depressive type or schizophrenia), and quite frequently having a serious somatic illness.
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PMID:Attempted suicide by jumping: clinical and social features. 338 78


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