Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From the beginning of the century to this day 57 cases of male genital self-mutilation have been reported in the English literature. In German publications we found 5 case descriptions. Although no precise data are available on the prevalence of male genital self-mutilation, such acts are presumably much more frequent than the small number of published cases would suggest. In the literature several features are regarded as risk factors for self-mutilation, such as e.g. homosexual or transsexual tendencies, repudiation of the male genitals, absence of a competent male for identification during childhood, feeling of guilt for sexual offences, and self-injury in the anamnesis. The most frequent diagnoses are schizophrenia and affective psychosis; alcohol intoxication was diagnosed in about one-fourth of the cases published. In the present paper we summarize data from the literature on epidemiology, psychopathology, psychodynamic and sociocultural factors in male genital automutilation and we describe 2 new cases of self-castration in which several of the risk factors described above were observed. We conclude that although it is difficult to estimate the risk of self-castration in view of the heterogeneity of the respective patient groups, the danger of such deeds should be kept in mind if the above factors are present.
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PMID:Psychiatric aspects of male genital self-mutilation. 175 48

Serum tryptophan and erythrocyte Na+/K+ ATPase were determined in 14 epileptics with and without psychosis. The nature of the psychosis in four patients was non-specific. The amino acid and the enzyme levels were also estimated in 11 patients with a diagnosis of functional affective psychosis, 14 patients with schizophrenia, and 9 normal subjects. Comparison of data among the patients and the normal subjects were done using analysis of variance. There were no significant differences in tryptophan profiles and Na+/K+ ATPase levels in epileptics with or without psychosis. In addition, the data obtained for these parameters for the schizophrenics were homogenous to those of epileptics. Significant differences were, however, obtained between the epileptics and patients with affective illness. The data thus suggested that the non-specific psychosis presented by the epileptics may be schizophrenia-like and lend support to a specific psychosis associated with epilepsy.
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PMID:Blood tryptophan and ATPase in psychosis of epilepsy. 182 59

An investigation was made of all known cases of mental illness where more than one member of the family entered one of the Ontario Mental Hospitals. The materials is fairly complete for a period of 18 years. Analysis of the resulting data, on pairs of relatives, gave rise to the following conclusions of particular interest. (i) Schizophrenia, affective psychosis, senile psychosis, Huntington's chorea and mental defect are shown to be conditions which remain significantly true to type when mental disease occurs in different members of a family. As a rider to this, however, it is found that schizophrenia and affective psychosis are not very distinct entities and groups of closely related familial cases frequently include both diagnoses. (ii) Schizophrenia is a rare diagnosis in the fathers of patients and occurs in only 8.7% of fathers, as opposed to the 30.7% in the whole sample of relatives: it is not so rare in mothers (24.5%). (iii) The most frequent type of relationship in pairs of patients is sister and sister: next in frequency is the type brother and brother, then brother and sister. Mother and son, mother and daughter, father and daughter and then father and sone come next in order. Less frequent are uncle and nephew or uncle and niece and, again less frequent, aunt and nephew or niece; grandparents and grandchildren were rarely found. (iv) Fathers, diagnosed schizophrenic or first admitted below the age of 35, have more psychotic sons than psychotic daughters, but the reverse is true for mothers in the same categories. (v) Fathers diagnosed as having affective illness or first admitted at the age of 35 or over have more psychotic daughters than psychotic sons, but the reverse is true for mothers in the same categories. (vi) Male subjects with either schizophrenic or affective diagnosis and in early- or late-onset age groups, have more psychotic brothers than psychotic sisters. Similarly, female subjects have more psychotic sisters than psychotic brothers. (vii) Each main diagnosis group has its characteristic first admission age. (viii) The first admission age is earlier in males than in females for schizophrenics, and later in males than in females for affective disorders. (ix) Study of first admission ages in families indicates that parents and, particularly, grandparents are much older than children and, particularly, grandchildren at first admission. This effect is not attributed to progressive degeneration. (x) Male subjects show a significantly wider scatter of first admission ages than do female subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Survey of cases of familial mental illness. L. S. Penrose, July 1945. 183 62

Risk factors thought to predispose to schizophrenia, and premorbid functioning, were assessed blind to diagnosis by interviewing the mothers of 73 patients with DSM-III schizophrenia or affective psychosis. Higher risk of schizophrenia in relatives, lower mean birth weight, a more frequent history of obstetric complications, and poorer educational achievement distinguished the patients with schizophrenia from those with affective psychosis. Low birth weight and obstetric complications each predicted childhood schizoid and schizotypal traits. Poor social adjustment between ages 5 and 11 was predicted by low birthweight and by a family history of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Low birth weight and a family history of schizophrenia predict poor premorbid functioning in psychosis. 185 75

The studies which were conducted at a group of patients with endogenic psychosis and ulcer of stomach or duodenum have shown that the internal course of ulcer diseases might camouflage for a long period the existence of mental illness that would negatively influence upon the treatment of such patients. In particular these are the cases of continuous sluggish schizophrenia and affective psychosis. All the patients with inadequate course of somatic illness need psychiatric consultation in order to prove the absence of mental illness and choose an adequate medical tactics.
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PMID:[The characteristics of the internal picture of the disease in patients with endogenous psychoses and peptic ulcer]. 189 57

Pre-morbid schizoid and schizotypal traits and social adjustment were assessed blind to diagnosis by interviewing the mothers of 73 consecutively admitted patients with DSM-III schizophrenia or affective psychosis. Analysis of factors associated with pre-morbid deficits showed a highly significant interaction of diagnosis with sex, such that schizophrenic men showed much greater pre-morbid impairment than either schizophrenic women or men with affective disorder. Poor pre-morbid adjustment predicted an early age at first admission. The results can be explained by a neurodevelopmental disorder in some schizophrenic males.
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PMID:Pre-morbid adjustment and personality in psychosis. Effects of sex and diagnosis. 201 7

This article describes the clinical features and outcome of a series of 73 inpatients who fulfilled Perris' criteria for cycloid psychosis. It is argued that although the cases differ from either schizophrenia or affective psychosis in some ways, the condition of cycloid psychosis is best regarded as an atypical variety of affective psychosis.
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PMID:Relationship between cycloid psychosis and typical affective psychosis. 208 72

All persons (n = 60) who contacted the South-Verona Psychiatric Case Register in 1979 and received an ICD-9 diagnosis of 'schizophrenia or other functional non-affective psychosis' were traced in 1986. 41 patients (17 males, 24 females) living in the community were assessed on a number of measures of psychopathology, social functioning, social support and service use. There were two major types of contact during the follow-up period: long-term but not high use (n = 9); and neither long-term nor high use (n = 16). In addition, ten patients were out of contact and six were outside the catchment area. Social support was highly variable, but overall negative and positive factors were evenly balanced. Symptomatology and social functioning were largely unrelated to service use, but significantly and negatively correlated with social support (i.e., the greater the level of social support, the higher the level of functioning). Social support was unrelated to patterns of contact, but was negatively correlated with measures of service utilization (i.e., the greater the level of social support, the lower the dependency on hospital inpatient care). These findings point to the need for developing community-based mental health services which maintain and enhance the protective effect of the patient's social support network.
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PMID:Service utilisation, social support and psychiatric status in a cohort of patients with schizophrenic psychoses. A 7 year follow-up study. 212 94

A system of outcome indicators for mental health care is urgently needed in order to ensure that clinicians, district health authorities, and directors of public health can monitor and evaluate mental health care. Theoretical aspects of health care indicators and the various classes of outcome measures available can be used to draw up a preliminary system of indicators of health care input, process and outcome for the major categories of mental illness, including schizophrenia, affective psychosis, neurosis, dementia, mental handicap, child psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, alcohol and drugs. Such a system is not intended to be definitive or exhaustive but rather to form a basis for development by clinicians, researchers and planners for their own requirements.
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PMID:Towards a system of outcome indicators for mental health care. 177 60

Based on information from a case register, patient age and diagnosis at first admission are analysed in a Croatian cohort of schizophrenics first admitted in 1972 and followed up through the register for 12 years. Diagnosis was analysed on the same basis and over the same period. Although the male and female differences in incidence rates for schizophrenia were not large, hospital incidence rates in younger age groups were higher in males. Males were also more commonly diagnosed as schizophrenic at first admission, females more frequently receiving diagnoses of affective psychosis and other organic psychosis, except for alcohol-induced psychosis.
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PMID:Characteristics of male and female schizophrenics at first admission. 234 36


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