Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Information on pregnancy and birth complications was recorded for 46 patients with DSM III-R schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The biological mothers of the patients were interviewed personally to obtain obstetric information. There were no significant differences between schizophrenic and bipolar patients in age at the assessment, distribution of sex, paternal social class, age of the mother at birth, and birth order. Biological mothers of schizophrenics had more often than mothers of bipolar patients an history of miscarriage, but this trend failed to reach statistical significance. Pregnancy complications and birth weight were not significantly different between schizophrenic and bipolar patients. Birth complications were scored according to the method described by Parnas et al. (1982). Three scores were obtained for each patient: a frequency score, a severity score, and a total score. All the scores were significantly higher in the schizophrenic than in the bipolar group (frequency score p < 0.011; severity score p < 0.015; total score p < 0.01). Surprisingly, birth complications were more severe in female than in male schizophrenics (p < 0.017). The two groups of patients could not be differentiated by specific birth complication. The schizophrenic patients with a history of birth complication and those without such an history did not differ in age at onset, age at first hospitalization, family history of schizophrenic or non-affective psychotic disorder, neuroleptic resistance, and type of schizophrenia. Because of the small number of subjects in each group a type II error cannot be excluded for these negative results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Obstetrical complications and schizophrenia. Comparative study of obstetric antecedents in schizophrenic and bipolar patients]. 827 18

Psychosis frequently occurs in women of childbearing potential who may have unplanned pregnancies. Understanding the risk of prenatal antipsychotic exposure can be of benefit in selecting therapies. The authors evaluated the in utero and lactation exposure effects of olanzapine, a novel antipsychotic that is used in treating schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other conditions and that may have expanded use in the childbearing population. All prospectively and retrospectively ascertained pregnancy reports were collected as a registry in the Lilly Worldwide Pharmacovigilance Safety Database. Outcomes were available from 23 prospectively ascertained olanzapine-exposed pregnancies. Spontaneous abortion occurred in 13%, stillbirth in 5%, major malformation in 0%, and prematurity in 5%, all within the range of normal historic control rates. There were 11 retrospectively ascertained cases of pregnancy. Two retrospectively ascertained cases of lactation exposure did not suggest infant risk. The early experience with olanzapine use in pregnancy and lactation is encouraging in that no obvious added risk to the fetus or infant was observed. Additional cases of pregnancy and lactation exposure need to be evaluated to determine whether these early findings are representative of the risks of olanzapine exposure to the fetus and infant. At this time, olanzapine should only be used during pregnancy and lactation when the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus or infant.
 ...
PMID:Olanzapine-exposed pregnancies and lactation: early experience. 1091 99

In this article, we discuss the ethical dilemma health care providers faced when Rebecca, a pregnant schizophrenic patient who lacked decision-making capacity, inconsistently requested elective pregnancy termination. When a patient's decision-making capacity is severely impaired, how does the physician balance obligations to protect the patient from harm (beneficence) while also respecting her reproductive preferences and decisions (respect for autonomy)? Rebecca suffers from polysubstance abuse and paranoid schizophrenia characterized by disorganized thought and speech, auditory hallucinations, and delusional ideas. She arrived 14+ weeks pregnant and unaccompanied at an obstetric clinic requesting an abortion. This is her second and final request. On all prior and subsequent occasions, she was either ambivalent or said she wanted to continue the pregnancy. After the consulting psychiatrist determined that she lacked decision-making capacity, steps were taken to address ethical and clinical issues. The steps included treating her schizophrenia to see if she could regain decision-making capacity; identifying a surrogate and using a shared decision-making model; and devising strategies to protect Rebecca and her fetus without resorting to excessive paternalism. Rebecca continued her pregnancy. Due to poor adherence to medical regimen and inadequate social support, Rebecca's schizophrenia was poorly controlled and she continued to use drugs during the pregnancy. She delivered a term baby who was soon removed from her custody. Despite some people's desire to protect Rebecca by complying with her request for abortion, we conclude that to do so would be ethically unjustified. To treat a decisionally impaired patient's requests for abortion as autonomous is disrespectful of the vulnerable patient because such paternalism fails to respect the patient's liberty and the surrogate's authority.
 ...
PMID:When agreeing with the patient is not enough: a schizophrenic woman requests pregnancy termination. 1556 14

An episode of hyperthermia is not uncommon during pregnancy. The consequences depend on the extent of temperature elevation, its duration, and the stage of development when it occurs. Mild exposures during the preimplantation period and more severe exposures during embryonic and fetal development often result in prenatal death and abortion. Hyperthermia also causes a wide range of structural and functional defects. The central nervous system (CNS) is most at risk probably because it cannot compensate for the loss of prospective neurons by additional divisions by the surviving neuroblasts and it remains at risk at stages throughout pre- and postnatal life. In experimental animals the most common defects are of the neural tube, microphthalmia, cataract, and micrencephaly, with associated functional and behavioral problems. Defects of craniofacial development including clefts, the axial and appendicular skeleton, the body wall, teeth, and heart are also commonly found. Nearly all these defects have been found in human epidemiological studies following maternal fever or hyperthermia during pregnancy. Suggested future human studies include problems of CNS function after exposure to influenza and fever, including mental retardation, schizophrenia, autism, and cerebral palsy.
 ...
PMID:Review: Hyperthermia and fever during pregnancy. 1693 4

A young woman, diagnosed with schizophrenia, was admitted to a psychiatric clinic with an acute relapse of her illness. Two months later, while still at the clinic, she was found to be pregnant. Due to her illness she was not considered competent to decide whether to have an abortion. Treatment was complicated by the chronic nature of her illness, a total lack of family and social support and mild mental retardation. Eventually she gave birth to a healthy baby and then was sterilized with the consent of her guardian. Ethical and juridical aspects are discussed here.
 ...
PMID:[At the boundaries of self-determination: ethical and juridical dimensions of involuntary abortion and sterilization]. 1785 77

For more than 20 years, researchers have attempted to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, major (unipolar) depression, and bipolar disorder. Advocates of this research contend that identifying such biomarkers will aid in the diagnosis of these disorders, as well as the possible development of effective psychiatric medications to treat them. Currently, there are no diagnostic tests available. This is largely due to the multi-factorial nature of psychiatric disorders. Biomarker testing of individuals is also prohibitively expensive because significant expertise is required to conduct tests and follow-up counseling for the patient is often necessary. It is cautioned that widespread biomarker testing could lead to negative consequences such as discrimination in health insurance and employment, as well as selective abortion.
 ...
PMID:Biomarkers in psychiatry: drawbacks and potential for misuse. 2015 Sep 88

Father's age increase miscarriage, malformation, risk of autism, schizophrenia, and bipolar troubles in children.
 ...
PMID:[Influence of paternal age]. 2072 6

Obstetricians are often presented with questions regarding the optimal interpregnancy interval (IPI). Short IPI has been associated with adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes, ranging from preterm birth and low birth weight to neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Long IPI has in turn been associated with increased risk for preeclampsia and labor dystocia. In this review, we discuss the data regarding these associations along with recent studies revealing associations of short IPI with birth defects, schizophrenia, and autism. The optimal IPI may vary for different subgroups. We discuss the consequences of short IPI in women with a prior cesarean section, in particular the increased risk for uterine rupture and the considerations regarding a trial of labor in this subgroup. We review studies examining the interaction between short IPI and advanced maternal age and discuss the risk-benefit assessment for these women. Finally, we turn our attention to women after a stillbirth or an abortion, who often desire to conceive again with minimal delay. We discuss studies speaking in favor of a shorter IPI in this group. The accumulated data allow for the reevaluation of current IPI recommendations and management guidelines for women in general and among subpopulations with special circumstances. In particular, we suggest lowering the current minimal IPI recommendation to only 18 months (vs 24 months according to the latest World Health Organization recommendations), with even shorter recommended minimal IPI for women of advanced age and those who conceive after a spontaneous or induced abortion.
 ...
PMID:Interpregnancy interval and obstetrical complications. 2299 Apr 61

In bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) rare and de novo chromosomal microdeletions and microduplications (CNVs) have strong effects on risk. For de novo CNVs, the risk of BD or SZ is 10% and for deletions of the q11 region on chromosome 22, the risk of either of these disorders is 77%. A not-insignificant minority of BD and SZ patients have these types of event (4-6.5%). Psychotherapeutic intervention may be needed for within-family stigma and conflicts over genetic test results. These findings also raise ethical issues on stigma prevention, population screening, and abortion based on genotype.
 ...
PMID:Risk counselling for family members in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. 2313 87

Over the last decade, there has been a significant increase in average paternal age when the first child is conceived, either due to increased life expectancy, widespread use of contraception, late marriages and other factors. While the effect of maternal ageing on fertilization and reproduction is well known and several studies have shown that women over 35 years have a higher risk of infertility, pregnancy complications, spontaneous abortion, congenital anomalies, and perinatal complications. The effect of paternal age on semen quality and reproductive function is controversial for several reasons. First, there is no universal definition for advanced paternal ageing. Secondly, the literature is full of studies with conflicting results, especially for the most common parameters tested. Advancing paternal age also has been associated with increased risk of genetic disease. Our exhaustive literature review has demonstrated negative effects on sperm quality and testicular functions with increasing paternal age. Epigenetics changes, DNA mutations along with chromosomal aneuploidies have been associated with increasing paternal age. In addition to increased risk of male infertility, paternal age has also been demonstrated to impact reproductive and fertility outcomes including a decrease in IVF/ICSI success rate and increasing rate of preterm birth. Increasing paternal age has shown to increase the incidence of different types of disorders like autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and childhood leukemia in the progeny. It is thereby essential to educate the infertile couples on the disturbing links between increased paternal age and rising disorders in their offspring, to better counsel them during their reproductive years.
...
PMID:Effects of increased paternal age on sperm quality, reproductive outcome and associated epigenetic risks to offspring. 2592 23


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>