Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many primary care physicians wish to address the psychiatric aspects of their medically ill patients but are impatient with the abstract terminology used in psychiatry's past psychoanalytical period. Modern psychiatry is a more integrated field and considers the biological and social as well as the analytical contributors to disease. Using these newer concepts, we present a teaching model in which schizophrenia is viewed as a syndrome and is compared with the well-known medical syndrome of congestive heart failure. This approach facilitates the conceptualization of a complex psychiatric illness and makes it more appealing to primary care physicians by demonstrating common gound between medicine and psychiatry.
JAMA 1979 May 04
PMID:The congestive heart failure model of schizophrenia. 43 Jul 75

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and schizophrenia occurred in monozygotic twins. Dermatoglyphics and blood grouping determined monozygocity. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease appeared to be an autosomal dominant trait transmitted from the mother. No definite evidence of inheritance was seen for schizophrenia.
JAMA 1979 Jan 05
PMID:Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and schizophrenia in identical twins. 56 19

The clinical features that distinguish schizophrenia from the symptomatic psychoses were seen in a patient whose complex partial seizures remained undiagnosed for five years, resulting in 30 psychiatric hospitalizations.
JAMA 1977 Mar 28
PMID:Complex partial seizures simulating schizophrenia . 57 79

Using the dopamine D2 receptor clone lambda hD2G1, Blum et al recently found that the D2/Taq I allele (A1) was present in 69% of 35 deceased alcoholics but in only 20% of an equal number of controls. To assess this association further, we evaluated the D2/Taq I polymorphism and a single-strand conformation polymorphism detected by polymerase chain reaction and nondenaturing gel electrophoresis (PCR-SSCP) of the 3' noncoding region of the D2 receptor gene. We studied 40 unrelated white alcoholics, 127 racially matched controls, and two white pedigrees. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version (SADS-L) clinical diagnostic interviews were rated blindly by two clinicians. The SADS-L interviews and other data were then used to ascertain diagnoses according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition (DSM-III-R) criteria. Alcoholics were subtyped according to age of onset, severity, presence of antisocial personality, and family history. No significant differences in either D2/Taq I or PCR-SSCP allele frequencies were observed between alcoholics, subpopulations of alcoholics, or controls. The PCR-SSCP polymorphism provided independent information against linkage at the D2 receptor locus. Several recombinants between the D2/Taq I locus and alcoholism were observed in two white families with an alcoholic parent who possessed the A1 allele. This study does not support a widespread or consistent association between the D2 receptor gene and alcoholism.
JAMA 1990 Dec 26
PMID:Population and pedigree studies reveal a lack of association between the dopamine D2 receptor gene and alcoholism. 182 66

The prevalence of comorbid alcohol, other drug, and mental disorders in the US total community and institutional population was determined from 20,291 persons interviewed in the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Estimated US population lifetime prevalence rates were 22.5% for any non-substance abuse mental disorder, 13.5% for alcohol dependence-abuse, and 6.1% for other drug dependence-abuse. Among those with a mental disorder, the odds ratio of having some addictive disorder was 2.7, with a lifetime prevalence of about 29% (including an overlapping 22% with an alcohol and 15% with another drug disorder). For those with either an alcohol or other drug disorder, the odds of having the other addictive disorder were seven times greater than in the rest of the population. Among those with an alcohol disorder, 37% had a comorbid mental disorder. The highest mental-addictive disorder comorbidity rate was found for those with drug (other than alcohol) disorders, among whom more than half (53%) were found to have a mental disorder with an odds ratio of 4.5. Individuals treated in specialty mental health and addictive disorder clinical settings have significantly higher odds of having comorbid disorders. Among the institutional settings, comorbidity of addictive and severe mental disorders was highest in the prison population, most notably with antisocial personality, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorders.
JAMA 1990 Nov 21
PMID:Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. Results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study. 1114 82

Positron emission tomography permits examination of the chemistry of the brain in living human beings. Until recently, positron emission tomography had been considered a research tool, but it is rapidly moving into clinical practice. This report describes the uses and applications of positron emission tomography in examinations of patients with strokes, epilepsy, malignancies, dementias, and schizophrenia and in basic studies of synaptic neurotransmission.
JAMA 1988 Nov 11
PMID:Positron emission tomography--a new approach to brain chemistry. Council on Scientific Affairs. Report of the Positron Emission Tomography Panel. 305 80

Of 5,412 patients admitted to the University of Iowa Psychiatric Hospital between Jan 1, 1972, and Dec 31, 1981, three hundred thirty-one died during the follow-up period, significantly more than expected. The risk for premature death was greatest among women and the young, especially those between the ages of 30 and 39 years. Risk was associated with all psychiatric diagnoses and was significantly higher among patients of either sex with an organic mental disorder or schizophrenia; women with acute schizophrenia, depressive neuroses, alcoholism, drug abuse, and psycho-physiologic disorders and special symptoms; and men with neuroses. Suicide and accidental death were more frequent than expected and were responsible for two thirds of the excess deaths. During the total time of follow-up, women were at risk for natural deaths but men were not. Our most important finding was that 99% of the excess deaths occurred within two years of discharge. During this period there were undue numbers of both "natural" and "unnatural" deaths. The first two years after discharge are a time of great risk for psychiatric patients, particularly women.
JAMA 1985 Jan 04
PMID:Excess mortality among psychiatric patients. The Iowa Record-Linkage Study. 396 99

Fourteen male patients examined for a prolonged partial thromboplastin time were found to have the lupus anticoagulant. In contrast to previous reports, there was no increased incidence of false-positive results of serological tests for syphilis. In only two patients was systemic lupus erythematosus confirmed, although two additional patients had a positive result of a test for antinuclear antibody. Other clinical diagnoses included peripheral vascular disease, cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, and schizophrenia. Prothrombin times were distinctly abnormal in only two patients. Bleeding was rarely encountered in these patients, including ten who underwent surgical procedures or some type of hemostatic challenge. Thrombocytopenia was not associated with bleeding but was present in two patients who had thrombotic events.
JAMA 1982 Nov 19
PMID:The lupus anticoagulant in 14 male patients. 681 13

Two hundred twenty-two patients admitted to a geriatric psychiatry unit were surveyed for the commission of acts dangerous to others. Eighteen of these patients had used either guns or knives in acts of violence. Organic illness accounted for a minority of such acts, the majority having been perpetrated by patients with functional diagnoses of late paraphrenia, schizophrenia, or mania. The most dangerous patients were those who, in a clear sensorium, experienced paranoid delusions, hallucinations, or both, and believed that they were in danger of being attacked. One hundred twenty-one aggressive patients who did not use weapons against others were also identified. This group, which included a larger percentage of patients suffering from dementia, posed a much less serious threat to others than the violent group.
JAMA 1982 Jul 23
PMID:Violence in geriatric patients. 708 44

Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity is significantly reduced in chronic schizophrenics with family history of schizophrenia. The degree of reduction is related to the extent of genetic load. Schizophrenics with no affected relatives do not differ from control subjects. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis of genetic heterogeneity in schizophrenia. Discrepancies among previously reported data sets can thus be explained by overrepresentation of nongenetic phenocopies with normal MAO levels. The implications for biologic and genetic research in schizophrenia are discussed.
JAMA 1981 Sep 25
PMID:Platelet monoamine oxidase values and genetic heterogeneity in schizophrenia research. 726 44


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