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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated nine patients with rhabdomyosarcoma in the head and neck (6-53 years of age), using CT and MRI. The tumours originated in the paranasal sinuses (3), cheek (2), soft palate (1), orbit (1), sternocostoclavicular muscle (1) and parapharyngeal space (1). The histological subtype was embryonal in five, alveolar in three and pleomorphic in one case. The tumours enhanced markedly and heterogeneous on CT and MRI. The masses were isointense or gave slightly higher signal than surrounding muscles on T1- and heterogeneously high signal on T2-weighted images. In four tumours, multiple ring enhancement resembling bunches of grapes. This appears to be characteristic of rhabdomyosarcoma and probably reflects a component of botryoid-type rhabdomyosarcoma in which mucoid-rich stroma is covered with a thin layer of tumour cells. We have named this imaging feature the "botryoid sign".
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PMID:The "botryoid sign": a characteristic feature of rhabdomyosarcomas in the head and neck. 1133 20

MRI detects changes in blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) contrast in tumors caused by tumor oxygenating agents. These changes can be used to guide the design of improved tumor oxygenating treatments (TOXs). The conventional approach to detection of BOLD effects assumes that the water resonance is a single, homogeneously broadened Lorentzian line, and that changes in the T2* of this line owing to changes in deoxyhemoglobin are spectrally homogeneous. This model may not adequately describe BOLD contrast changes in complex water resonances that are often detected in tumors. The present work investigated: (a) whether changes in the water resonance in very small voxels caused by tumor oxygenating agents are spectrally inhomogeneous; and (b) whether high spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS) MRI of the water and fat resonances detects these changes more accurately than conventional gradient-recalled echo (GRE) imaging. Carbogen (95% oxygen, 5% CO2) was used to increase tumor oxygenation. In two tumor models [mammary adenocarcinoma (R3230Ac; n=5) and rhabdomyosarcoma (BA1112; n=5)] proton signals were often complex and inhomogeneously broadened. Spectrally inhomogeneous changes during carbogen breathing occurred in at least 10% of the R3230AC tumor voxels that responded to carbogen and 18% of BA1112 tumor voxels. The largest changes during carbogen breathing in many voxels occurred at frequencies that were significantly different from the frequency of the primary water peak. Carbogen-induced changes in proton T2* detected by simulated GRE and HiSS differed by more than 75% in 67% of voxels in R3230Ac tumors and in 65% of voxels in BA1112 tumors. The spectrally inhomogeneous effects of tumor oxygenating agents may reflect changes in sub-voxelar microenvironements and thus may be important for accurate evaluation of the effects of therapy.
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PMID:Spectrally inhomogeneous BOLD contrast changes detected in rodent tumors with high spectral and spatial resolution MRI. 1184 May 50

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the orbit in childhood. The average age of onset is around seven years. In the present paper, the authors present the clinical and radiological findings in two newborns with histopathologically confirmed orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. A review of the literature was also carried out. In both children, the first sign leading to a visit was a unilateral proptosis, without symptoms or any other sign. Both underwent a CT-scan and an MRI. Confirmation of the histology was made by an open sky biopsy. The children were first treated by chemotherapy but had incomplete resolution of the tumor after more than 11 months for the first case and 9 months for the second. Since the parents of both children refused exenteration, radiotherapy had to be resorted to because of the incomplete response to chemotherapy. Our therapeutic approach and the outcome of these two cases are discussed.
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PMID:Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma: Clinicopathologic correlation, management and follow-up in two newborns. A preliminary report. 1204 28

PURPOSE. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common primary orbital malignant tumor in children. Though rare above the age of twenty, the authors present a case of primary orbital rhabdomyosarcoma in an adult and review the literature. DESIGN. Clinico-pathologic case report. METHODS. A 34-year-old man presented with a recurrent orbital tumor four years after initial excision. This tumor was initially misdiagnosed elsewhere as Merkel cell tumor on the basis of spurious immunohistochemical studies. Excision biopsy of the recurrent orbital mass was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. MRI of the orbit and brain was done as well as histopathologic examination and immunohistochemistry of the excised mass. RESULTS. Histopathologic study of the excised orbital tumor revealed rhabdomyosarcoma. CONCLUSION. Careful microscopic evaluation and immunohistochemical stains are important in confirming the diagnosis of atypical cases of orbital tumors.
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PMID:Primary orbital rhabdomyosarcoma in an adult. 1204 83

A case of rhabdomyosarcoma embryonal of the nasopharynx in a 3-year-old girl has been described. Clinical manifestations and initial diagnostic difficulties resulting in delay of proper diagnosis were discussed. Division of RMS, etiology, differentiation of the most often applied clinical sign and modern therapeutic opportunities depending on the location, histopathological type, the disease advancement level and the patient's age were described. Late outcome and the initially positive results of the employed treatment were emphasized in the presented case. The authors would like to underline the necessity to apply all imaging methods available (CT scan and MRI), in order to determine the exact site and extensiveness of malignancy which is crucial for evaluation of appropriate treatment and therapy.
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PMID:[Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the nasopharynx in a 3-year old girl]. 1205 55

We report a young patient suffering from a uterine rhabdomyosarcoma. Particular features of the present case are: accuracy of the tumour spread evaluation performed by MRI of the pelvis; and the use of pre-operative arterial embolisation. The present multimodal management highlights the usefulness of cooperation between surgeons and radiologists in lowering operative bleeding and finally permitting uterine conservation.
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PMID:Pre-operative arterial embolisation of a uterine rhabdomyosarcoma in a 14-year-old girl. 1532 55

In this article, it is aimed to review the radiological signs of unusual primary malignant tumors of the thorax. Radiological studies of 11 patients with histologic diagnosis of thoracic sarcomas were interpreted retrospectively. Tumors originated from the chest wall (n=3), mediastinum (n=4), and pulmonary parenchyma (n=4). Histopathologic diagnoses were fibrosarcoma (n=1), alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (n=1), malignant hemangiopericytoma (n=1), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (n=2), pulmonary vein leiomyosarcoma (n=1), pulmonary artery sarcoma (n=2), pleuropulmonary blastoma (n=1), and chondrosarcoma (n=2). In order to evaluate thoracic sarcomas, cross-sectional methods such as CT and MRI can be useful in demonstrating the origin of the mass, relationship with and involvement of adjacent structures. They present as masses and, unfortunately, radiological findings are not sufficient for specific diagnosis.
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PMID:Sarcomas: rare primary malignant tumors of the thorax. 1579 39

The authors describe the MRI findings of a primary orbital Ewing's sarcoma in a 5-year-old boy, who underwent an extensive tumour surgery as these findings were mistaken for more chemoresistant sarcomas such as rhabdomyosarcoma. This case illustrates the fact that MR findings of primary orbital Ewing's sarcoma may be different from those of Ewing's sarcoma present elsewhere in the body. An accurate preoperative diagnosis may therefore result in a more conservative approach and prove extremely useful in such tumours.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of primary orbital Ewing's sarcoma. 1608 54

We present a case of a congenital fetal rhabdomyoma which recurred after surgical excision. A review of the patient's chart, imaging studies, operative reports and histologic findings were conducted. A congenital fetal rhabdomyoma involving the head and neck region diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound and MRI was surgically excised without complications. The patient presented with recurrence of the tumor fourteen months after the initial surgery. This case report is supplemented with a review of the relevant literature on congenital fetal rhabdomyoma. This is the fifth documented case of recurrence of a fetal rhabdomyoma. Extracardiac rhabdomyomas are extremely rare benign tumors. Complete excision of these lesions is curative with only a handful of recurrences documented in the literature. Close follow up and a complete workup to rule out rhabdomyosarcoma is warranted in all cases of recurrence.
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PMID:Recurrent fetal rhabdomyoma of the head and neck. 1640 74

Rhabdomyosarcomas are common tumors of the head and neck region in children. However, a primarily intracranial localization of this tumor entity is rare. We report on a 3-year-old boy presenting with double vision due to left VI (th) nerve palsy. No other neurological deficits were recognized by clinical inspection. MRI scans visualized an enhancing mass lesion in the upper clivus compressing the cavernous sinus and the pituitary gland. Transsphenoidal biopsy was performed and histopathological examination as well as molecular diagnostics confirmed the diagnosis of an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS). Staging identified a metastatic lesion in the fourth thoracic vertebra resulting in the diagnosis of stage IV disease. Treatment modality included stereotactic radio- and chemotherapy.
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PMID:Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the clivus with intrasellar expansion: Case report. 1713 5


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