Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human cells derived from both normal and neoplastic tissues can be infected by Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) without accompanying cytopathology. Infection of cell cultures such as human rhabdomyosarcoma (A204) results in a persistenly infected cell line which can be subcultured over 30 sequential culture passages without significant change in phenotype properties according to reverse, transcriptase (RT), MPMV p27 antigen content, virus particle count and infectivity titre. Productive virus infections were established at relatively low virus particle (VP) input multiplicities (p.i.m.; about 0.06 VP/cell) In A204 cell cultures. At higher p.i.m. (about 600 to 6000 VP/cell) newly synthesized virus was detected within 4 days post infection. Although virus production was cumulative following primary infection, after subculture of infected cultures MPVM production was greater during active cell division. Using synchronization techniques, MPMV replication in persistently infected cultures was found to be cell cycle-dependent. The major internal antigen, p27, was synthesized in G2 and newly synthesized virus particles were released predominantly during mitosis and early G1. Colcemid arrest of cells during mitosis inhibited subsequent MPMV release. Consequently, production of extracellular virus depends upon the progression of cells through the mitotic stage. These data, which provided a basic understanding of the virus-host relationship that occurs in primate cells productively infected with MPMV, were used as a guideline for isolating MPMV-like viruses from experimentally and naturally infected Rhesus monkey.
J Gen Virol 1979 Aug
PMID:Characterization of infection and replication of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus in human cell cultures. 11 35

There are major differences between tumors in children and adults, viz. the incidence of tumor types, the predisposition of certain organs and tissues (e.g. sympathetic nervous tissue, kidney, and soft tissues) to develop tumors, problems related to tumor classification, and the biologic behavior of childhood malignancies, which are usually characterized by high rates of proliferation activity. A large number of new entities, especially in soft tissue tumors, have been published over the past years, including nodular mesothelial hyperplasia, which is a tumor-like lesion derived from peritoneal macrophages; infantile myofibromatosis, which can mimic leiomyosarcoma; intermediate grade fibrohistiocytic tumors, like dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans-related giant-cell fibroblastoma, plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor and angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma displaying evidence of myogeneous differentiation; finally, the high-grade intraabdominal desmoplastic small cell tumor. With modern methods we can gain better insights into the biology of tumors. For example, tumors of the Ewing's sarcoma family have in common a characteristic t(11; 22) chromosomal translocation, the Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) (22q12) gene rearrangement, and the MIC2 gene. The EWS gene rearrangement is not restricted to tumors of the Ewing's sarcoma family (classic Ewing's sarcoma and malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumor), however, but occurs in malignant melanoma of the soft tissue and in intraabdominal desmoplastic small cell tumor. Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) can be divided into two basic types with different prognoses: embryonal RMS, including botryoid and spindle-cell variants, and alveolar RMS, including the solid variant. The prognosis of alveolar RMS is poorer than that of classic embryonal RMS, mainly due to early tumor dissemination in alveolar RMS. The prognosis of neuroblastoma is mainly based on chromosomal and molecular biologic findings. Structural chromosome 1 abnormalities, double minute chromosomes, homogeneously staining regions, N-myc amplifications, and DNA diploidy are indications for an unfavorable outcome. Despite progress in childhood solid tumor pathology, many questions remain open, including those relating to basic chromosomal defects in germ cell tumors and the obscure nature of tumor heterogeneity.
Gen Diagn Pathol 1995 May
PMID:New entities, concepts, and questions in childhood tumor pathology. 854 1

In this study 80 cases of predominantly adult rhabdomyosarcoma are presented as follows: 20 cases of the embryonal type, 32 cases of the alveolar and 8 cases of the pleomorphic type. Additional histologic classification was performed in each type. In myotube stage the histologic picture of fetal muscles cannot be compared to the alveolar type of rhabdomyosarcoma. Desmin and sarcomeric actin are observed in 47.7% of all cases, and myoglobin and myosin in only 23.1%. The reactions were diffuse, disperse, or focal. Electron microscopic study subdivides desmin positive tumors into three groups of differentiation. DNA analysis shows that most desmin positive cells are diploid in comparison to all the tumor cells that are hyperdiploid and tetraploid.
Gen Diagn Pathol 1997 Feb
PMID:Rhabdomyosarcoma. Morphologic, immunohistochemical, and DNA study. 906 81

The microfilament-associated protein vinculin is a major constituent of muscle tissue localized in costameres and Z-discs of the sarcomeric apparatus, where it is thought to play a pivotal role in the alignment of sarcomeric myofibrils and the transduction of mechanical force between the internal contractile machinery and the extracellular environment. In order to investigate whether anti-vinculin antibodies are helpful in confirming the commitment of rhabdomyosarcomas to the myogenic pathway, we studied immunohistochemically the expression pattern of vinculin in a series of 7 human rhabdomyosarcomas including those of embryonal, botryoid, and pleomorphic subtypes. Using monoclonal antibody from clone hVIN-1 by APAAP techniques on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, all but one tumor, which was a primitive embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, demonstrated a significant positive vinculin staining. Vinculin expression was most prominent in differentiated tumors with a focal staining pattern showing a high degree of correlation with rhabdomyoblasts, whereas a diffuse staining was observed in areas in which small, poorly differentiated tumor cells alone were present. Since vinculin immunoreactivity could also be demonstrated in cases of leiomyosarcoma, the positive immunohistochemical detection of vinculin was not exclusively restricted to mesenchymal tumors derived from sarcomeric muscle tissue. Immunodetectable amounts of nebulin could be revealed only in two embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. Our results suggested that the positive identification of rhabdomyosarcoma achieved by using antibodies against vinculin in addition to other known myogenic markers may be particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of anaplastic, poorly differentiated sarcomas.
Gen Diagn Pathol 1997 Feb
PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of vinculin in human rhabdomyosarcomas. 906 83

A case of a pure heterologous sarcoma of mixed type (pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma and chondrosarcoma) localized in the uterine corpus of a 75-year-old woman is presented. The tumor was investigated by routine morphologic methods, immunohistochemically, and on ultrastructural level. The histogenesis of the tumor and the problems of differential diagnosis with other tumors of the same localization are under discussion.
Gen Diagn Pathol 1997 Jun
PMID:Pure heterologous sarcoma of mixed type of the uterine corpus in a postmenopausal patient: a case report. 922 58

Several echoviruses (EVs) have previously been shown to use decay accelerating factor (DAF) as a cellular receptor. Since DAF is expressed on erythrocytes, EVs that use this receptor cause haemagglutination. Here we show that all EVs that haemagglutinate do so via attachment to DAF and that this interaction can be inhibited by a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for DAF domain SCR3. Although the viruses haemagglutinate via DAF some can bind to rhabdomyosarcoma cells from which DAF has been removed and infect in the presence of a MAb against DAF. This suggests that some EVs have the capacity to interact with more than one cellular receptor.
J Gen Virol 1998 Jul
PMID:Characterization of echoviruses that bind decay accelerating factor (CD55): evidence that some haemagglutinating strains use more than one cellular receptor. 968 Jan 34

A number of echoviruses use decay accelerating factor (DAF) as a cellular receptor or attachment protein for cell infection. Binding of echovirus 7 to DAF at the cell surface, but not to soluble DAF in solution, triggers the formation of virus particles exhibiting an altered sedimentation coefficient ('A' particles) which are considered indicative of the particle uncoating process. We have previously demonstrated that antibodies to beta(2)-microglobulin block cell infection at a stage prior to 'A' particle formation and suggested that this reflects the involvement of beta(2)-microglobulin (or the associated MHC-I) in a virus-receptor complex that forms at the cell surface. We demonstrate here that antiserum to CD59 specifically blocks infection of rhabdomyosarcoma cells by a range of echoviruses, including viruses that bind DAF (e. g. echovirus 7) and those that use currently unidentified receptors other than DAF. The block occurs prior to 'A' particle formation and is cell-type specific. The potential role of CD59 as an active member, or passive participant, in the virus-receptor complex is discussed.
J Gen Virol 2000 May
PMID:Echovirus infection of rhabdomyosarcoma cells is inhibited by antiserum to the complement control protein CD59. 1076 83

Bovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4), a gammaherpesvirus lacking a clear disease association, productively infects multiple cell lines of various species and causes cell death. A human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, RD-4, infected with BHV-4 produced low levels of early and late viral RNAs and infectious virus, but exhibited no cytopathic effect. Using a recombinant BHV-4 containing a neomycin-resistance gene, we established RD-4-derived cell lines persistently infected with BHV-4. The viral genome in these cells was predominantly circular. Because of drug selection, every cell contained a viral genome. In addition, all cells stained with a BHV-4-specific antiserum. Therefore, these cell lines are not carrier cultures. These cells produced infectious virus at all passages tested. Even though cells were selected and maintained at a concentration of geneticin at least 2.5 times that necessary to kill uninfected RD-4 cells, selected cells contained only approximately one viral genome per diploid host cell genome. Persistently infected cells grew more slowly than uninfected cells, even in the absence of drug. The slower growth of these cells suggests that any growth advantage conferred by multiple copies of the neomycin-gene-carrying viral genome might be offset by the detrimental effects of viral gene expression. This situation contrasts with other gammaherpesviruses, which are able to growth-transform cells.
J Gen Virol 2000 Jul
PMID:Establishment of a cell line persistently infected with bovine herpesvirus-4 by use of a recombinant virus. 1085 87

The cellular receptor complex of coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21), a C-cluster human enterovirus, is formed by the subtle interaction of individual cellular receptors, decay accelerating factor (DAF) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). In this receptor complex, DAF functions in the membrane sequestration of the virus, while the role of ICAM-1 is as the functional cellular internalization receptor. However, despite the elucidation of the CVA21-cell receptor interactions, there have been few definite investigations into cellular receptor usage of other coxsackie A viruses (CVAs) belonging to the C-cluster. In the present study, radiolabelled virus-binding assays demonstrated that CVA13, -15, -18 and -20, a subset of the human enterovirus C-cluster, bind directly to surface-expressed ICAM-1, but not to surface-expressed DAF. Furthermore, lytic infection of ICAM-1-expressing rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells by this C-cluster subset of viruses was inhibited by specific ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody blockade, except for that of CVA20. Despite possessing ICAM-1-binding capabilities, CVA20 employed an as yet unidentified internalization receptor for cell entry and subsequent productive lytic infection of ICAM-1-negative RD cells. In a further example of C-cluster cellular receptor heterogeneity, CVA13 exhibited significant binding to the surface of CHO cells expressing neither DAF nor ICAM-1. Despite a common receptor usage of ICAM-1 by this subset of C-cluster CVAs, the amino acid residues postulated to represent the ICAM-1-receptor footprint were not conserved.
J Gen Virol 2003 Nov
PMID:Cellular receptor interactions of C-cluster human group A coxsackieviruses. 1457 9

Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a gammaherpesvirus with no clear disease association, it establishes persistent infections in its natural host, the bovine, and in an experimental host, the rabbit. BoHV-4 immediate early 2 (IE2) RNA is the less abundant, spliced, 1.8 kb RNA. The predicted amino acid sequence, of the IE2 protein, reveals that it could encode a 61 kDa protein with amino acid sequence homology to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transactivator R protein and its homologues including, herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), equine herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2), murine herpesvirus 68 and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). We examined recently the interaction of BoHV-4 with a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, RD-4, and found that although some infectious viruses can be produced, no cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed [J. Gen. Virol. 81 (2000) 1807]. Because IE2 could play a critical role in BoHV-4 productive infection and its overexpression in RD-4 cells could switch the non-permissive RD-4 status to a permissive one. RD-4 cells expressing stably BoHV-4 IE2 gene were generated. BoHV-4 IE2 induced an increased production of infectious viral particles sufficient to obtain an apparent cytopathic effect. It is concluded that BoHV-4 IE2 is a key factor in determining the outcome of BoHV-4 infection.
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PMID:Activation of bovine herpesvirus 4 lytic replication in a non-permissive cell line by overexpression of BoHV-4 immediate early (IE) 2 gene. 1473 89


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