Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of various antineoplastic drugs (1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, 5-azacytidine, cisplatin, dactinomycin, epirubicin, vincristine, and the activated metabolite of cyclophosphamide, mafosfamide) on cell differentiation in vitro was investigated using a human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell clone, RMZ-RC2. These cells are able to differentiate spontaneously from small mononuclear proliferating elements to terminal, extremely elongated multinuclear structures resembling myotubes; morphological differentiation is accompanied by the expression of myosins, in particular the embryonic isoform, which was used in this study as a specific marker of myogenic differentiation. The proportion of differentiated myosin-positive cells, which was around 10-15% in control cultures 10-15 days after seeding, was increased by some drug treatments up to 30-40%; the proportion of multinuclear elements was also increased. 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and 5-azacytidine were the most effective drugs, while dactinomycin had no effect; other molecules ranked in between. Since significant increments were usually observed after treatment with drug doses inhibiting cell growth, the kinetic behavior of the absolute number of myosin-positive cells or nuclei was analyzed to assess whether some effects could be due to a negative selection of proliferating, undifferentiated cells. This appeared to be the case for vincristine and epirubicin, while 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, 5-azacytidine, and, to a lesser degree, mafosfamide and cisplatin actually seemed to increase differentiation ability.
 ...
PMID:Myogenic differentiation of human rhabdomyosarcoma cells induced in vitro by antineoplastic drugs. 247 86

Several human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, cultured primary tumor explants, and biopsies of tumor and normal skeletal muscle tissue expressed a 2.0-kilobase transcript that hybridized to the mouse muscle determination gene MyoD1. This transcript was found in tumor cell lines and primary explants that developed multinucleated myotubes but was absent in Wilms' tumors or cell lines and primary explants that developed multinucleated myotubes but was absent in Wilms' tumors or cell lines derived from other mesenchymal tumor cell types. Expression of the human homolog of MyoD1 therefore can define a tumor as a rhabdomyosarcoma. Transfection of the mouse MyoD1 gene into the human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RD increased the ability of the tumor cells to differentiate into multinucleated myotubes and enhanced myosin heavy-chain gene expression but did not decrease tumorigenicity in nude mice.
 ...
PMID:Expression of the MyoD1 muscle determination gene defines differentiation capability but not tumorigenicity of human rhabdomyosarcomas. 260 95

Primary intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare tumor in infancy and childhood that is found in various locations in the central nervous system. The clinical course worsens rapidly, and the final outcome is poor, with a median survival time of 8-10 months. Invasion of the meninges, spontaneous intratumoral bleeding, spinal leptomeningeal CSF spreading of tumor cells, and early recurrence of the mass are the distinctive features of RMS. Diagnosis of RMS may be missed: immunohistochemical staining using specific markers (myoglobin, myosin, desmin, vimentin, enolase), along with ultrastructural studies, provide the basis for making the final diagnosis. Treatment of RMS includes surgical excision, craniospinal radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. We report two cases of primary RMS in the CNS located in the posterior fossa and frontotemporal area. Both children underwent total surgical removal of the mass. Early recurrence of the tumor mass was noticed in both patients 2 months after surgery. Both children died shortly thereafter.
 ...
PMID:Primary intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma: report of two cases. 279 Aug 36

Actin and subunits of myosin were identified in actomyosin preparations isolated from a low-differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma. Determination was made of Ca2+-ATPase activity and of the ratio of concentrations of tumor myosin light chains. Aggregates were obtained bearing similarity with synthetic filaments. The tumor myosin has all the light chains characteristic of the myosin of definitive fast skeletal muscles, and does not have light chains corresponding to any other myosin isoforms. Quantitative peculiarities of light chain composition of tumor myosin may be explained by peculiarities of cell composition of the tumor. The data obtained indicate that the mechanism coordinating myosin gene expression is extremely resistant to tumoral discoordinating factors. Peculiarities of coordination of the expression of genes coding tissue-specific polypeptides are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Actomyosin from a low-differentiation skeletal muscle tumor]. 293 12

Histological localization of myosins of the smooth and skeletal muscles was investigated in comparison with that of myoglobin by immunoperoxidase technique using the antibody against each of them in surgical specimens from spindle cell tumors and tumor-like lesions of the soft tissue. Skeletal muscle myosin was demonstrated in all of the cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, whereas myoglobin was found in 75% of the examined cases. Smooth muscle myosin was widely distributed not only in the tumor cells of smooth muscle origin such as leiomyosarcoma and angioleiomyoma, but also in the tumor cells showing myofibroblastic differentiation such as malignant fibrous histiocytoma and in the epithelial components of synovial sarcoma. The results showed that skeletal muscle myosin can be regarded as an excellent marker in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma and that smooth muscle myosin is a useful marker of leiomyosarcoma and leiomyomas, and of tumors with myofibroblastic differentiation.
 ...
PMID:Smooth and skeletal muscle myosins in spindle cell tumors of soft tissue. An immunohistochemical study. 298 65

Hybridoma cell lines were obtained from the fusion of NS-O myeloma cells with spleen cells of mice immunized with bovine fetal skeletal myosin. A stable hybridoma clone, BF-G6, produced immunoglobulin G1 k antibodies reacting specifically with embryonic-type myosin heavy chains present in fetal but not in neonatal or adult human skeletal muscle, as determined by enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot analysis. Fetal but not adult skeletal muscle fibers were stained by this monoclonal antibody in indirect immunofluorescence assays; smooth muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells, as well as non-muscle cells were also unreactive. Solid tumors of infants and children were tested for reactivity with BF-G6 by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining. Embryonic myosin heavy chain was expressed in rhabdomyosarcomas but not in other types of tumor, except for Wilms' tumor. Rhabdomyosarcoma cells isolated from a bone marrow metastasis and grown in vitro for several months were also labelled by BF-G6. Embryonic myosin heavy chain can thus be used as a specific differentiation marker of normal and neoplastic skeletal muscle tissue.
 ...
PMID:Embryonic myosin heavy chain as a differentiation marker of developing human skeletal muscle and rhabdomyosarcoma. A monoclonal antibody study. 300 28

Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in adults over 30 years of age was a diagnosis frequently made in the 1960s and 1970s. Since the general acceptance of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) as a tumor entity at the end of the 1970s, however, it has become a very rare tumor in adults. Therefore, 21 cases originally diagnosed on the basis of histology and clinical data as pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in the 1960s and 1970s were reexamined immunohistochemically. Other types of pleomorphic sarcomas involved in the differential diagnosis were also studied. Specific antibodies against vimentin, desmin, creatine kinase subunit M, skeletal muscle actin and myosin, and myoglobin, and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique were used. The immunohistochemical findings indicate that rhabdomyosarcoma occurs only rarely in adults over 30 years of age and that the majority of the tumors have to be reclassified as MFH or leiomyosarcoma. On the other hand, several pleomorphic sarcomas were found to be diagnosed incorrectly as MFH or liposarcoma by routine histologic stains and electron microscopy. The revised diagnosis was pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma for one case and pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma for the other cases. Thus, this study clearly shows the usefulness of immunohistochemistry as a technique in the diagnosis of pleomorphic sarcomas in adults.
 ...
PMID:Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in adults: immunohistochemistry as a tool for its diagnosis. 302 31

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequent of tissue sarcomas in children. Its location in the subcutaneous tissue makes it a dermatological diagnosis. In childhood, the exact histological type of the tumour, sometimes difficult to determine, is absolutely necessary since prognosis and treatment differ according to the histogenetic form. Rhabdomyosarcoma is rare in adults. One must rule out malignant pleomorphic histiocytoma which has a more favourable prognosis. Among the antisera recently made available, those directed against desmin, foetal skeletal myosin and/or specific skeletal muscle myofilament seem to be most useful when associated with the anti-myoglobin antibody.
 ...
PMID:[Subcutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma in children. Clinical, immunologic and ultrastructural aspects]. 322 87

Myosin isoform expression was analyzed in experimental rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and immunofluorescence techniques. Tumors induced by inoculating newborn rats with Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MSV) were examined 30-90 days after birth. Nine tumors and two lymph node metastases were studied by direct, indirect, and double immunofluorescence assays using a panel of five anti-myosin mAbs. The mAb BF-45 was specifically reactive with embryonic myosin heavy chain (MHC), mAb BF-34 was specific for a neonatal MHC epitope, mAb BF-B6 was directed against an epitope present in both embryonic and neonatal MHC, and mAbs BF-F3 and BF-32 detected epitopes present in adult MHC isoforms. Anti-desmin antibodies were also used for comparison. The results of this study show that: (1) the majority of neoplastic cells stained for desmin while only a minority of neoplastic cells were labeled by anti-myosin antibodies; (2) myosin positive tumor cells contained predominantly embryonic and neonatal MHC types but rare RMS cells reacted exclusively with anti-adult myosin antibodies; and (3) adult and embryonic MHC phenotypes were occasionally detected within the same tumor cell especially in RMS with the longest latencies. Together these results would suggest that the mechanism(s) regulating MHC gene expression in skeletal muscle cells can be altered by the transforming activity of Mo-MSV.
 ...
PMID:Myosin isoform expression in rat rhabdomyosarcoma induced by Moloney murine sarcoma virus. 330 17

Specific antibodies against desmin, skeletal muscle actin and myosin were assessed for their usefulness in the cytodiagnosis of five rhabdomyosarcomas: one well-differentiated, two moderately differentiated and two poorly differentiated lesions. Acetone-fixed smears from fine needle aspiration biopsies and the avidin-biotinyl-peroxidase complex technique were used. All aspirates were positively immunostained with antibodies against desmin and actin. Myosin could only be detected in the moderately and well-differentiated tumors. The percentage of tumor cells positive for any of the three proteins was positively correlated with the overall degree of differentiation. However, the number of positive tumor cells decreased in the sequence desmin-actin-myosin. The results indicate the value of antibodies, especially those against skeletal muscle actin, in aiding in the cytodiagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma, particularly with respect to its differential diagnosis from small round cell tumors in children and pleomorphic sarcomas in adults.
 ...
PMID:Fine needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. An immunocytochemical study. 331 3


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>