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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clonal lines of human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells, constitutively expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) tat gene (RD tat cell lines) showed enhanced expression of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate-early (IE) and late (L) proteins upon HCMV infection, as compared with control RD cells. One of the RD tat cell lines produced infectious HCMV. The RD-tat cell lines, following transfection with recombinant plasmids containing the full length of the HCMV-IE enhancer/promoter linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, exhibited an increased CAT expression by the tat product. A chronically HIV-1-infected human T-lymphoid cell line, SupT1, superinfected with HCMV, expressed HCMV-IE proteins while the parental SupT1 cells infected with HCMV were negative. Parental SupT1 cells coinfected with HIV-1 and HCMV also expressed HCMV-IE proteins, indicating that HIV-1-encoded proteins exert a positive regulatory effect on HCMV expression.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat gene enhances human cytomegalovirus gene expression and viral replication. 165 75

In transient gene expression assays we observed an increase in expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase (CAT) gene, under the transcriptional control of the HIV-1 LTR (pLTR-CAT), when this plasmid was cotransfected into Vero or MRC-5 cells with a plasmid containing either the HCMV immediate early 1 and 2 (E1, IE2) genes (pRL43a) or just the IE2 gene (pMP18). When the HCMV IE1 gene (pMP12) was cotransfected with pLTR-CAT into Vero cells the level of measurable CAT gene activity was below the level observed when pLTR-CAT was cotransfected with a nonspecific carrier plasmid (pGEM3). The negative influence of the HCMV IE1 gene product on the HIV-1 LTR in Vero cells was also observed when the HIV-1 tat gene (pLTR-TAT) was contransfected into Vero cells with pLTR-CAT and pMP12. However, when the HCMV IE1 gene was cotransfected into rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells with proviral HIV-1 DNA, an increase in viral production, as monitored by measurement of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity, was observed. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, nuclear extracts obtained 15 hr post-HCMV infection (hpi) were found to contain a lower level of interaction with an oligonucleotide which corresponded to the HIV-1 LTR Sp-1 binding motif. Nuclear extracts obtained 40 hpi of MRC-5 cells had a greater level of interaction with, and changed the mobility of, the Sp-1 oligonucleotide relative to the uninfected nuclear extracts. HCMV-infected MRC-5 cell nuclear extracts also contain a factor(s) which interacted with the HIV-1 LTR between nucleotide positions -15 to -2 relative to the HIV-1 mRNA start site.
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PMID:Characterization of multiple molecular interactions between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). 215

Earlier studies have revealed a distinct class of regulatory proteins known as trans-activator proteins in diverse biological systems. These proteins have been shown to act on both homologous and heterologous promoter targets. Activation of heterologous targets is speculated to be an integral part of virus-induced pathogenesis. To verify this hypothesis, stable Tat-producing human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell lines were generated. These cell lines produced significant levels of functional Tat, as measured by transfection with the reporter plasmid pLTR-CAT. Tat-producing cells, although morphologically similar to the control, exhibited a slower growth rate. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the cellular proteins from control (tat-) and tat+ cells revealed increased quantities of 34- and 40-kD proteins along with the appearance of a new 74-kD protein in tat+ cells. Subsequent two-dimensional gel analysis revealed several additional differences. Tat+ cell lines produced two proteins of M(r) 19.5 and 44 kD anew, while proteins with M(r) 14.5, 42, and 52.5 kD were in greater abundance. Interestingly, a 26-kD protein that was originally present in the G418+/tat- (control) sample disappeared in the presence of Tat. These data support a possible modulator role for Tat in cellular gene expression.
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PMID:Changes in cellular proteins associated with the expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 trans-activator protein Tat. 821 53