Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Combination therapy consisting of vincristine, actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide with or without adriamycin is the most common chemotherapy for rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood. But the effective chemotherapy for rhabdomyosarcoma resistant to these four drugs has not been established. We report a case with rhabdomyosarcoma, which was resistant to these four drugs but responded completely to three drug combination chemotherapy consisting of vinblastine, cis-platinum, and bleomycin (VPB therapy). A 11-months-old boy was referred to us because of giant abdominal tumor. Postoperative diagnosis was Group III embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder. Partial resection was followed by vincristine, actinomycin-D, cyclophosphamide, and adriamycin, but his residual tumor was growing. Then VPB therapy was administered and the first course of the chemotherapy reduced the size of tumor. After three courses of VPB therapy the second-look operation was performed. At operation no residual tumor was found and a complete remission was confirmed. During the course of VPB therapy no severe adverse effect was detectable.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1982 Dec
PMID:[Rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder: complete remission induced by vinblastine, cis-platinum, and bleomycin]. 619 95

Three enolase isozymes (alpha alpha, alpha gamma, and gamma gamma) and S-100 protein in the extract of neuroendocrine tumors (neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, and pheochromocytoma) and nonneuroendocrine tumors (Wilms' tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, and hepatoblastoma) were determined by means of enzyme immunoassay systems. All of the tumors examined showed a high level of alpha alpha-enolase (1.71 to 19.0 micrograms/mg protein). Levels of nervous system-specific enolases (NSE; alpha gamma and gamma gamma) in the neuroendocrine tumors were also rather high (alpha gamma, 1.64 to 7.45 micrograms/mg protein; gamma gamma, 0.052 to 5.56 micrograms/mg protein). However, the NSE concentration in the extract of nonneuroendocrine tumors was low (alpha gamma, less than 0.88 micrograms/mg protein; gamma gamma, 0 microgram/mg protein). The level of S-100 protein was relatively high in ganglioneuroma (greater than 500 ng/mg protein) and ganglioneuroblastoma (greater than 100 ng/mg protein), but low in neuroblastoma (less differentiated neuroendocrine tumor) and nonneuroendocrine tumors. Serum levels of enolase isozymes were also determined in neuroblastoma patients before and after resection of primary tumor or effective chemotherapy. The elevated level of serum NSE (alpha gamma and gamma gamma) was markedly decreased with little change in the alpha alpha level by the treatment.
Cancer Res 1983 Dec
PMID:Determination of three enolase isozymes and S-100 protein in various tumors in children. 631 26

Destruction of the extracellular matrix is often observed during tumor invasion, and proteolytic enzymes may participate actively in the degradation of matrix proteins. The present report elucidates the role of plasminogen in the degradation by tumor cells of an in vitro elaborated extracellular matrix. Matrices produced by rat smooth muscle cells in the presence of [3H]proline or [3H]fucose were used as substrates for human fibrosarcoma cells (HT-1080), mouse melanoma cells (B16F1), or human rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RD). All three cell lines degraded part of the glycoprotein compartment of the matrix. HT-1080 cells digested the matrices in a density-dependent manner, and while matrix glycoprotein degradation was plasminogen-dependent at the beginning of the experiment and at low cell densities, the zymogen was not essential for further glycoprotein digestion at high cell densities. Depletion of plasminogen from the growth medium resulted in a threefold reduction of matrix degradation by B16F1 cells showing a distinct plasminogen dependency at low cell numbers. RD cells digested only matrix glycoproteins, and this degradation was completely dependent on the presence of plasminogen at all cell densities. These results suggested that plasmin generated from plasminogen by a tumor cell-associated plasminogen activator may be most important for matrix hydrolysis at low cell densities, and while certain tumor cell lines showed a definite plasminogen-independent matrix degradation with increased cell numbers, other neoplastic cells hydrolyzed the matrix only in the presence of the zymogen at all cell densities.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1983 Dec
PMID:Role of plasminogen in matrix breakdown by neoplastic cells. 658 58

Karyotype patterns, growth, metastasis, and immunogenicity were compared in a rhabdomyosarcoma induced by a single injection of metallic nickel with those in subsequent tumor-cloned cell lines. The primary tumor was induced in a male WAG rat by im injection of 20 mg nickel powder. The parental cell line (9-4/0) and 8 cell subpopulations (J 9-4) isolated from a primary tumor by cloning on agarose were examined. The tumor cell dose inducing tumors in 50% of the animals after sc injection (TD50) and the in vitro growth characteristics showed a marked heterogeneity between parental and cloned tumor cell lines. In vitro doubling times and saturation densities were also heterogeneous without showing a discernible relationship with TD50. Chromosome patterns of the cell lines exhibited very similar modal numbers, whereas chromosome numbers were somewhat different; neither of these exhibited any correlation with tumorigenicity. Parental cell line 9-4/0 expressed a significant degree of immunogenicity, but it did not protect against pulmonary metastasis in immunized rats. Among 6 clones studied, only clone J 9-4/2 appeared to be immunogenic and reduced metastatic spread. The relevance of the comparison between the different characteristics is discussed.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1983 Dec
PMID:Growth, metastasis, immunogenicity, and chromosomal content of a nickel-induced rhabdomyosarcoma and subsequent cloned cell lines in rats. 658 60

Three entirely different tumor types were investigated biochemically for the presence and characteristics of endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins in an inbred Brown Norway rat, an outbred Sprague-Dawley rat, and an outbred Han:NMRI mouse. The patterns under investigation included specificities for alpha- and beta-galactosyl, alpha-mannosyl, and alpha-fucosyl moieties, respectively, and specificities for heparin, analyzed by affinity chromatography on resins with immobilized sugars or glycoproteins and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The patterns were divided into categories according to dependence of the binding activity on the presence of Ca2+ and dependence on extraction conditions. Rhabdomyosarcoma revealed only Ca2+-independent activities, i.e., activities with specificity for beta-galactosides at a molecular weight of 12,000, with specificity for alpha-galactosides at molecular weights of 29,000, 43,000, and 45,000, with specificity for heparin at molecular weights of 13,000 and 16,000, and with specificities for mannose and fucose at molecular weights ranging from 62,000 to 70,000. For the spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma the pattern was entirely different and more diverse, including species with the Ca2+ requirement. Extracts with the use of 0.2 M NaCl (salt) and 2% Triton X-100 (detergent) from teratoma contained at least nine different carbohydrate-binding proteins. The only similarities between the pattern of endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins from teratoma and from mammary adenocarcinoma were beta-galactoside-binding proteins, one with a Ca2+ requirement and one without a Ca2+ requirement, and the heparin-binding proteins. These heparin-binding proteins were the only types of carbohydrate-binding proteins common to all three tumor types. The analysis indicates that certain bands represented newly identified proteins capable of binding to galactose-, mannose- or fucose-containing glycoconjugates, respectively. When assayed with rabbit erythrocytes, the different fractions showed agglutination activity. They can thus be termed "endogenous lectins." The use of endogenous lectin patterns as potential diagnostic markers in addition to the corresponding changes in the glycoconjugate composition is proposed.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1984 Dec
PMID:Biochemical characterization of endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins from spontaneous murine rhabdomyosarcoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, and ovarian teratoma. 659 44

The activation of ras genes in naturally occurring tumors has, thus far, been found to be due to mutations in codon 12 or 61 resulting in single amino acid substitutions. We have used highly labeled synthetic oligonucleotides to detect mutations in these codons and to determine the exact position of the mutation. Using this approach we have found three different mutations in codon 61 of the N-ras gene of various human tumor cell lines. In the fibrosarcoma line HT1080 the first nucleotide of the codon is mutated; in the promyelocytic line HL60 the second and in the rhabdomyosarcoma line RD301 the third nucleotide. For RD301 this implies that the normal glutamine residue at position 61 is replaced by histidine. In addition to the mutated N-ras gene the three cell lines have a normal N-ras gene which is indicative of the dominant character of the mutations.
Nucleic Acids Res 1984 Dec 11
PMID:Three different mutations in codon 61 of the human N-ras gene detected by synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization. 659 42

Authors present two cases of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder treated previously to surgery with chemotherapy (protocol T-2) and radiation therapy. In one of these patients surgery consisted only in a partial cystectomy, and in the other only a few biopsies were taken from the most suspicious zones, and these were all negative. Three years and four months after diagnosis and 15 months after completion of treatment, both children are alive and free of detectable disease.
An Esp Pediatr 1983 Dec
PMID:[Treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder without radical surgery]. 666 93

The endodermal sinus tumor is a malignant germ cell neoplasm that usually arises in gonads, but on rare occasion occurs in extragonadal locations. Five tumors of the orbit, which by light microscopy displayed features characteristic of gonadal endodermal sinus tumor, were tested for the presence of alpha fetoprotein using paraffin-embedded tissue and an immunoperoxidase technique. Each tumor contained intracytoplasmic alpha fetoprotein. Review of the clinical histories revealed that orbital endodermal sinus tumors differ from other extragonadal endodermal sinus tumors in that they occur at a younger age and when treated aggressively can result in long-term survival. In children with rapidly progressive proptosis the distinction between endodermal sinus tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma poses diagnostic difficulties for both the clinician and the pathologist. When considering the diagnosis of endodermal sinus tumor, the use of immunohistochemical testing for alpha fetoprotein can be helpful.
Ophthalmology 1983 Dec
PMID:Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor) of the orbit. 667 41

A 54-year-old white man had a slowly growing painless epibulbar mass that clinically mimicked a lymphangioma. Morphologically, the paucicellular tumor contained stellate and spindly cells, mast cells, and dilated lymphatic channels embedded in a loose collagenous matrix. The clinical differential diagnosis included lymphangioma, amelanotic nevus, lymphoma, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, dermoid, lipoma, and botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma. Pathologically, lymphangioma, myxoid neurofibroma, and spindle cell lipoma were all considered. The authors discuss the clinical and histopathologic features of the various tumors, and confirmation of the diagnosis of conjunctival myxoma by differential alcian blue staining properties dependent on critical electrolyte concentration.
Ophthalmology 1983 Dec
PMID:Conjunctival myxoma. A clinicopathologic study. 667 44

Sixteen autopsy cases of the primary sarcomas of the mouth and jaws were reviewed, which included 1 chondrosarcoma, 3 osteosarcomas, 1 leiomyosarcoma, 7 rhabdomyosarcomas and 4 histiocytic lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma). Although the case materials studied were too small, the pattern of the spread of the sarcomas of the mouth and jaw was likely to be divided into two groups, localized and generalized. The former is comprised of chondrosarcoma osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. The latter is comprised of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and histiocytic lymphoma. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma belongs to either depending on the case. The former, being resistant to local therapy, tended to recur with a contiguous spread but was slow to metastasize. Metastases were limited to the lung and pleura through the hematogenous route. The primary sarcoma of the latter group were not so extended in local spread and occasionally cured with therapy. However, metastases, both hematogenous and lymphogenous, were generalized.
Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ 1982 Dec
PMID:Sarcomas of the mouth and jaws--a study of 16 autopsy cases. 675 65


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