Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas from the nasopharynx of two children were examined by histochemical methods commonly applied to muscle biopsies. These stains included nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), PAS, PAS-diastase, myophosphorylase, calcium-mediated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) preincubated at high and low pH, and oil red O. Myofibrils were easily identified with ATPase and blood vessel walls were also stained. NADH-TR clearly showed longitudinal and cross-striations that were not seen with H&E or PTAH stains. The modified Gomori trichrome stain additionally contributed to the recognition of myofibrils. Some techniques of muscle histochemistry applied to fresh frozen sections of tumor tissue may provide evidence of muscular differentiation in otherwise poorly differentiated sarcomas for a more accurate diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of histochemistry in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. 9 52

104 patients with various cancer, excluding malignant lymphoma and leukemia, underwent bone marrow biopsy using a Jamshidi needle, regular type. In 100 patients an adequate pice of bone marrow was obtained. In 24 patients metastases were detected in the bone marrow. Metastases were found in 10 of 38 (26.3%) patients with breast cancer, in 5 of 17 (29.4%) patients with lung cancer, in 5 of 10 (50%) patients with cancer of the prostate, in 1 patient with rhabdomyosarcoma, 1 with chordoma and in 2 of 14 patients who underwent biopsy in search of unknown cancer. 71% of the patients with positive findings in the bone marrow had clinical signs of bone involvement, 80% had positive X-ray film and 78.9% had positive skeletal isotope survey. Hemogram, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium level and sedimentation rate were of no value in predicting whether the marrow was involved or not. No complications were documented following biopsy. The use of the Jamshidi bone marrow biopsy needle for staging and early detection of metastases in a select group cancer patients is suggested.
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PMID:Bone marrow biopsy in patients with malignant neoplasms other than lymphomas or leukemia. 11 9

Interactions between the extracellular matrix macromolecules and tumor cells are critical in the process of metastasis formation. We show here that elastins (both mature insoluble elastin and a 75-kDa soluble peptide: K-elastin) adhere rapidly to two cell lines with high metastatic capacities: a metastatic lung carcinoma cell line (3LL-HM) and a human amelanotic melanoma cell line (A-2058); by contrast the low-metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma cell line variant as well as a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line with a low metastatic potential bind to elastins to a much lower extent. 3H-labelled K-elastin was used in order to study elastin--3LL-HM interaction. It was found to be saturable (2 ng 3H-labelled K-elastin/10(6) cells), with one class of high-affinity binding sites having Kd equal to 1.3 nM and 16,000 sites/cell. The binding of K-elastin to 3LL-HM cells at its receptor triggered several cell responses; (a) increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration; (b) induction of 3LL-HM chemotaxis toward the K-elastin gradient; (c) stimulation of the adherence of mature insoluble elastin. In contrast to non-transformed cells such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, the adhesion kinetics of insoluble elastin to 3LL-HM did not exhibit a lag period; the rapid binding of insoluble elastin to the tumor cells was followed by its slow detachment from the cells, which lasted for 6 h. 3LL-HM cells but not human skin fibroblasts were shown to secrete elastinolytic activity inhibitable by metal-chelating agents. In vivo studies were performed in order to evaluate the influence of K-elastin binding to 3LL-HM cells on their ability to form lung colonies in mice. It was shown that pretreatment of 10(4) 3LL-HM cells with 10 microM K-elastin and the simultaneous i.v. injection into mice of 750 micrograms K-elastin together with the highly metastatic cells was able to reduce the number of lung colonies by more than 70% after 12 days.
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PMID:Interaction between elastin and tumor cell lines with different metastatic potential; in vitro and in vivo studies. 185 64

We have examined the ability of blood-derived monocytes and macrophages isolated from a patient with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and hypercalcaemia, to form 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) or 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha,25(OH)2D3) from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3). Adherent monocyte-macrophage cells incubated with 25(OH)D3 over the initial 2 days in culture synthesized 1.9 pmol 24,25(OH)2D3/h/incubation (representing 0.63 pmol/h/10(6) cells), whereas macrophages synthesized 1.03 and 1.15 pmol 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3/h/incubation after 1 and 4 weeks in culture respectively. In a further experiment synthesis of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 by long-term cultured macrophages fell from 2.25 to 0.04 pmol/h/incubation following exposure to 10 nM 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 for 7 days, whereas 24,25(OH)2D3 synthesis was induced (0.46 pmol/h/incubation). The vitamin D3 metabolites were identified by co-chromatography with authentic 24,25(OH)2D3 or 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 in three different high-performance liquid chromatography systems. Serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 in the patient was markedly suppressed at 5 pg/ml (normal 20-50 pg/ml) indicating that raised 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 was not the cause of the hypercalcaemia, but rather, that raised calcium may have suppressed renal 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 synthesis. Administration of APD (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidine-1,1-bisphosphonate) corrected the hypercalcaemia in the patient suggesting that increased bone resorption was responsible for the raised calcium. The results of this study show for the first time that immature blood derived monocyte-macrophage cells can synthesize 24,25(OH)2D3 before they mature into macrophages able to synthesize 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3.
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PMID:Metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by blood derived macrophages from a patient with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma during short-term culture and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 after long-term culture. 200 22

The ability of tumor cells shed into the circulation to cause adhesion and aggregation of blood platelets may be involved in successful metastasis of primary tumors. Rhabdosarcoma is a rare, early metastasizing tumor previously uncharacterized for ability to alter platelet function. It was found that human rhabdosarcoma cells (American Type Culture Collection) dose dependently induce biphasic aggregation of human blood platelets in heparinized platelet-rich plasma; aggregation responses could also be elicited in citrated plasma. Aggregation caused by rhabdosarcoma can be inhibited by apyrase treatment of either rhabdosarcoma or platelets, and by pretreatment of platelets with prostacyclin, cilostamide, inhibitors of thromboxane A2 production, or TMB-8; only apyrase and prostacyclin inhibited both phases of aggregation. Tumor cell supernatant contained only enough ADP to cause a negligible, reversible aggregation response. Hirudin, verapamil, and triazolam do not inhibit rhabdosarcoma-induced aggregation. Aggregation of platelets by rhabdosarcoma cells thus appears to involve ADP, from tumor cells and/or platelets, and platelet calcium mobilization and thromboxane A2 synthesis and release.
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PMID:Human rhabdosarcoma cell-induced aggregation of blood platelets. 249 50

Attempts by early workers to induce liver tumours by the local implantation of carcinogens had by and large not been successful, so that the liver came to be viewed as being "resistant" to tumourigenesis by this means. A review of these early studies showed not only that fibrosarcomas could be easily induced by the local application of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-M.C.), but that there were also reasons why the apparently low susceptibility of the liver to the localised induction of hepatocellular tumours should not be accepted as established dogma. In an attempt to re-investigate this problem pellets made of cholesterol (CHOL), anthracene (ANT), alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), 3-M.C. or 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) were implanted into the livers of male litter-mate weanling rats. The evolution of the response was studied by histological examination of the implantation site at varying intervals. In each instance the liver responded with the formation of a firm, complete connective tissue capsule which, however, did not prevent the gradual degradation of the implants. No tumours or other significant changes were observed with the control implants of CHOL or ANT. ANIT, known to damage biliary ducts, elicited what appeared to be an intense serous exudation which was separated from the adjacent parenchyma by a shell-like deposition of calcium in the connective tissue capsule. No significant biliary changes were observed, however, and no tumours were produced. Attention should be drawn to this reproducible, regularly occurring, in vivo model of extra-osseous calcification. The 3-M.C. induced a high incidence of large solitary bosselated tumours associated with the carcinogenic pellet which was found embedded in the tumour mass. The architectural arrangement and bizarre cytological appearance of the tumours led to the currently widely used diagnosis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (M.F.H.) rather than the fibrosarcoma or rhabdomyosarcoma of the early workers. Some tumours produced large numbers of implantation metastases in the peritoneal cavity, but no distant metastases were observed in this series. Of particular interest is the fact that it was not possible to determine the site of origin of these tumours despite histological sampling at intervals of the site of implantation of the pellets. In contrast to these pleomorphic, clearly mesenchymal tumours reliably produced by 3-M.C., the implantation of pellets of DAB produced fewer tumours which were classified as large, singly occurring hepatocellular carcinomas (H.C.C.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Localized hepatocarcinogenesis: the response of the liver and kidney to implanted carcinogens. 311 99

Recent studies indicate that differences in membrane fluidity may account for differences of thermal sensitivity. This possibility was studied by using lanthanum, a trivalent cation which is known to displace calcium in a number of biological systems, to modify the structural framework of cell membranes and consequently their biological properties. With Ehrlich ascites cells trypan blue exclusion uptake of 86Rb, 42K and 45Ca, indicate an increase of plasma cell permeability by La3+. The reduction of 86Rb and 42K uptake by tumour cells with La3+ appears to be independent of temperature. The increase of 45Ca2+ influx in the presence of lanthanum plus hyperthermia seems related to an important loss of cell viability. The enhancement of hyperthermia lethality by concentrations of lanthanum over 0.5 mM after 2 h at 44 degrees C has been demonstrated using HeLa S3 cells using a standard cloning technique. In vivo experiments have been performed on C3H mice bearing rhabdomyosarcoma using ultrasound heating at 44-46 degrees C. The results show a remarkable inhibition of tumour growth and a significant increase of the survival time after only one hyperthermia session of 30 min combined with one intratumoural injection of 1 mM lanthanum chloride.
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PMID:Hyperthermia and cytotoxic drugs. Possible use of lanthanum as a potentiator of hyperthermia. 372 8

Three entirely different tumor types were investigated biochemically for the presence and characteristics of endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins in an inbred Brown Norway rat, an outbred Sprague-Dawley rat, and an outbred Han:NMRI mouse. The patterns under investigation included specificities for alpha- and beta-galactosyl, alpha-mannosyl, and alpha-fucosyl moieties, respectively, and specificities for heparin, analyzed by affinity chromatography on resins with immobilized sugars or glycoproteins and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The patterns were divided into categories according to dependence of the binding activity on the presence of Ca2+ and dependence on extraction conditions. Rhabdomyosarcoma revealed only Ca2+-independent activities, i.e., activities with specificity for beta-galactosides at a molecular weight of 12,000, with specificity for alpha-galactosides at molecular weights of 29,000, 43,000, and 45,000, with specificity for heparin at molecular weights of 13,000 and 16,000, and with specificities for mannose and fucose at molecular weights ranging from 62,000 to 70,000. For the spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma the pattern was entirely different and more diverse, including species with the Ca2+ requirement. Extracts with the use of 0.2 M NaCl (salt) and 2% Triton X-100 (detergent) from teratoma contained at least nine different carbohydrate-binding proteins. The only similarities between the pattern of endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins from teratoma and from mammary adenocarcinoma were beta-galactoside-binding proteins, one with a Ca2+ requirement and one without a Ca2+ requirement, and the heparin-binding proteins. These heparin-binding proteins were the only types of carbohydrate-binding proteins common to all three tumor types. The analysis indicates that certain bands represented newly identified proteins capable of binding to galactose-, mannose- or fucose-containing glycoconjugates, respectively. When assayed with rabbit erythrocytes, the different fractions showed agglutination activity. They can thus be termed "endogenous lectins." The use of endogenous lectin patterns as potential diagnostic markers in addition to the corresponding changes in the glycoconjugate composition is proposed.
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PMID:Biochemical characterization of endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins from spontaneous murine rhabdomyosarcoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, and ovarian teratoma. 659 44

We describe the previously unreported finding of ossification within a rhabdomyosarcoma of the extremity in the absence of bone destruction. Rhabdomyosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor but could not be radiographically differentiated from benign or other malignant causes of soft-tissue masses containing calcium. Definitive diagnosis and thus appropriate therapy requires prompt pathologic examination.
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PMID:Ossification in a soft tissue embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. 679 80

Hypercalcemia in nude mice with a rhabdomyosarcoma transplanted from a hypercalcemic patient is reported. The tumor had been transplanted to nude mice from a 15-year-old girl with hypercalcemia which appeared as the rhabdomyosarcoma developed and metastasized to the peritoneal and pleural cavities. The tumor was successfully transplanted to nude mice, which presented an elevated serum calcium level. No remarkable elevation of serum parathyroid hormone or 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D was found in the mouse with rhabdomyosarcoma. Injection of indomethacin restored the elevated serum calcium level to the normal range. The prostaglandin E2 level was approximately 15 times higher in the tumor-bearing mouse serum than in the control mouse serum. These data indicate that hypercalcemia in this patient can be ascribed to prostaglandin E2 produced by the rhabdomyosarcoma.
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PMID:Rhabdomyosarcoma-induced hypercalcemia in a nude mouse. 695 56


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