Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixteen autopsy cases of the primary sarcomas of the mouth and jaws were reviewed, which included 1 chondrosarcoma, 3 osteosarcomas, 1 leiomyosarcoma, 7 rhabdomyosarcomas and 4 histiocytic lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma). Although the case materials studied were too small, the pattern of the spread of the sarcomas of the mouth and jaw was likely to be divided into two groups, localized and generalized. The former is comprised of chondrosarcoma osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. The latter is comprised of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and histiocytic lymphoma. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma belongs to either depending on the case. The former, being resistant to local therapy, tended to recur with a contiguous spread but was slow to metastasize. Metastases were limited to the lung and pleura through the hematogenous route. The primary sarcoma of the latter group were not so extended in local spread and occasionally cured with therapy. However, metastases, both hematogenous and lymphogenous, were generalized.
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PMID:Sarcomas of the mouth and jaws--a study of 16 autopsy cases. 675 65

From 1949 to 1974, 17 patients with sarcomas of the larynx were treated at the Mayo Clinic. Histologically, the sarcomas were classified as fibrosarcoma (six tumors), chondrosarcoma (seven tumors), rhabdomyosarcoma (three tumors), and osteosarcoma (one tumor). Patients with chondrosarcomas tended to differ from patients with other sarcomas in respect to origin of the sarcoma and length of survival free of disease.
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PMID:Sarcomas of the larynx. 692 99

The writers report an experimental trial on the mouse, consisting in the induction of osteosarcoma by inoculation of Moloney's murine sarcoma virus (MSV-M) into the proximal metaphysis of the tibia. This experiment was conducted on 90 BALB/c female mice aged twenty-one days and of mean weight 12.8 g. One group of animals was also given immunodepressive drugs. The tumour developed in 100 per cent of cases, producing metastases in some of the animals and resulting in death in three cases. The radiographic changes were initially osteolytic followed later by new bone formation. The histological examinations confirmed that the tumour was of an osteosarcomatous nature. Cells characteristic of rhabdomyosarcoma were observed in the soft tissues surrounding the bone. The skeletal metastases had the characteristics of osteosarcoma, while those in the lymph glands and lungs had those of an undifferentiated sarcoma. The writers also took into consideration a series of previous trial performed at the Institute of Clinical Orthopaedics of the University of Milan, involving a total of 740 mice, in arriving at their final conclusion that MSV-M induces, in the mouse, an osteosarcoma similar to spontaneous osteosarcoma in man, capable of producing osteoid tissue, of giving rise to metastases, and of causing the death of the animal.
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PMID:Experimental osteosarcoma in the mouse, induced by Moloney's murine sarcoma virus. 693 1

Spinal cord compression is a rare but serious complication of malignant diseases in children. Epidural cord compression was noted in 81 patients within the past 17 years at this center. The complication developed at different times during the course of the primary disease. For 29 of our patients, cord dysfunction was one of the initial signs of cancer--Ewing sarcoma, neuroblastoma, Hodgkin disease, and malignant lymphoma. By contrast, for most of the patients with osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, it appeared later in their clinical course. The treatment outcome of patients who were paraplegia with complete loss of sensory function for greater than or equal to 48 hours was poor. Only four of 22 in this group became ambulatory. Ten patients with osteosarcoma did not undergo laminectomies because they all had multiple metastases and terminal disease. Paraplegia developed in all ten. There was no difference in ambulatory rates among other patients, with or without laminectomies.
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PMID:Metastatic epidural tumors in children. 695 58

Marked dissimilarities in the epidemiology of osteosarcoma, Ewing's tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma indicate differences in their origins. A major clue to the genesis of Ewing's tumor comes not from defining persons at high risk but from the observation that blacks are at unusually low risk. The neoplasm does not aggregate in families and is not part of any known syndrome. No environmental causes have been identified. By contrast, osteosarcoma may be caused by external or internal ionizing radiation, and it aggregated in families with the same tumor or with dissimilar tumors and in certain genetic disorders of bone. In man and in dogs, the frequency of the neoplasm is related to bone mass and growth. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the upper versus the lower limbs seems related to muscle mass. Age peaks in the occurrence of the tumor elsewhere vary with the anatomic site; head and neck tumors develop in early childhood and urogenital tumors both in early years and in adolescence. The sex ratio (male to female) also varies with the site affected. Rhabdomyosarcoma aggregates with certain other tumors in families and overlaps with osteosarcoma in some of these relationships but is distinguished from that tumor by its excessive occurrence in neurofibromatosis.
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PMID:Contrasting epidemiology of childhood osteosarcoma, Ewing's tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma. 702

The case material was collected from 3 Institutions with a total of 441 patients: 217 with primary bone tumor and 224 with soft tissue sarcomas. In the majority of patients lymphography was performed during the initial diagnostic workup. The lymphograms were interpreted as negative or positive for metastases. In bone tumors, the incidence of metastases was 21%, ranging from 28% for osteosarcoma to 18% for Ewing's sarcoma and 13% for chondrosarcoma. In tumors of the soft tissue, the frequency was somewhat higher (28%), with special regard to rhabdomyosarcoma (53%), anaplastic sarcoma (67%), neurogenic sarcoma (42%) and synovial sarcoma (35%). In the group of bone sarcomas, primary hematogenous spread was 3 times more frequent than lymphogenous spread, while in soft tissue sarcomas, with a higher incidence of lymphatic spread, this finding was inverted. In the more consistent tumor groups, the occurrence of lymphatic metastases indicated a significant worsening of the prognosis. In 96 patients, lymph node biopsies were performed and the radiologic histologic correlation gave evidence of a 97.7% overall diagnostic accuracy.
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PMID:Lymphography in bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Experiences from three institutions. 723 66

Hyperthermia greater than or equal to 42 degrees C is tumoricidal in vitro and in many animal models, although such temperatures have only recently been achieved experimentally in some human cancers. A recently developed radio frequency device that provides safe hyperthermia to any depth without surface tissue injury now permits evaluation of the effects of hyperthermia on advanced human sarcomas. Twelve patients with large sarcomas located intraabdominally [7], in the chest wall [2], proximal extremity [2], and the neck [1], were evaluated in this study. Tumor types include liposarcoma [3], rhabdomyosarcoma [2], leiomyosarcoma [2], neurofibrosarcoma [2], and one each malignant mesothelioma, undifferentiated sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Intratumor temperatures greater than or equal to 42 degrees C were observed in all tumors, with virtually no normal tissue injury. Selective tumor heating greater than or equal to 45 degrees C occurred in 9/12 (75%) and greater than or equal to 50 degrees C in 6/12 (50%). One to five weekly treatments greater than or equal to 50 degrees C and ten daily treatments greater than or equal to 45 degrees C resulted in significant tumor necrosis and pain relief in some patients. Hyperthermia of advanced sarcomas is possible with little host toxicity and may be of potential therapeutic benefit.
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PMID:Radio frequency hyperthermia of advanced human sarcomas. 724 1

Cells closely resembling epithelia constitute the first specific cell type in a mammalian embryo. Many other cell types emerge via epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation. The transcription factors and signal transduction pathways involved in this differentiation are being elucidated. I have previously reported (Frisch, 1991) that adenovirus E1a is a tumor suppressor gene in certain human cell lines. In the present report, I demonstrate that E1a expression caused diverse human tumor cells (rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, melanoma, osteosarcoma) and fibroblasts to assume at least two of the following epithelial characteristics: (a) epithelioid morphology; (b) epithelial-type intercellular adhesion proteins localized to newly formed junctional complexes; (c) keratin-containing intermediate filaments; and (d) down-regulation of non-epithelial genes. E1a thus appeared to partially convert diverse human tumor cells into an epithelial phenotype. This provides a new system for molecular analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal interconversions. This effect may also contribute to E1a's tumor suppression activity, possibly through sensitization to anoikis (Frisch, S.M., and H. Francis, 1994. J. Cell Biol. 124:619-626).
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PMID:E1a induces the expression of epithelial characteristics. 752 2

We reported previously that the adenovirus E1a gene reversed the transformed phenotype of one human melanoma and one fibrosarcoma cell line (S. Frisch, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88: 9077-9081, 1991). To determine the generality of the tumor suppression effects of E1a, a diversity of tumor cell lines, including A204 rhabdomyosarcoma, RD rhabdomyosarcoma, Saos-2 osteosarcoma, NCI-H23 non-small cell lung carcinoma, MDA-MB435S breast carcinoma, and ras-transformed MDCK kidney epithelial cells, were infected with a retrovirus bearing the 12S E1a coding sequence. We demonstrate here that the expression of E1a severely reduced the anchorage-independent and tumorigenic growth of these cell lines without affecting their growth under normal culture conditions. The parental tumor cells used in this study did not overexpress c-erbB-2/neu, and E1a did not affect its expression in these cells. Thus, tumor suppression by E1a can operate in a wide variety of human tumor cells by c-erbB-2/neu-independent mechanisms. E1a also sensitized these cell lines to the cytotoxic effects of the anticancer drugs etoposide and cisplatin. The results suggest that E1a could prove useful for the gene therapy of a wide variety of human cancers.
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PMID:Adenovirus E1a-mediated tumor suppression by a c-erbB-2/neu-independent mechanism. 758 33

The principles of cancer chemotherapy applied to adult patients today have been substantially derived from experience of cancer in children. Studies of pediatric solid tumors also provided the first evidence that chemotherapy combined with surgery and/or radiotherapy could markedly enhance the curative potential of these local modalities. Conceptual advances in cancer chemotherapy revealed the superiority of intermittent chemotherapy over continuous low-dose therapy with respect to tumor cell kill and the recovery of normal cells. Childrens' Cancer and Leukemia Study Group of Japan applied intensive intermittent chemotherapy for maintenance therapy for leukemia, malignant lymphoma and to adjuvant chemotherapy for solid tumors. Event-free survival rate in treatment of childhood cancer by the Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, has markedly improved: ALL, 70%; malignant lymphoma, 50%; ANLL, 33%; hepato-blastoma, 100%; osteosarcoma, 65%; neuroblastoma, 54%; and rhabdomyosarcoma, 51%. The 14% rate for brain tumors was the only exception. Current Phase I and II trials based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children were reviewed.
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PMID:[Current status in treatment of childhood cancer]. 766 60


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