Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Survival rates were analysed for a population-based series of over 15,000 childhood cancers registered in Great Britain during 1971-85. There were highly significant improvements (P less than 0.001 for trend) in survival for many major diagnostic groups. Between 1971-73 and 1983-85 the actuarial 5-year survival rates increased from 37% to 70% for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, from 4% to 26% for acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia, from 76% to 88% for Hodgkin's disease, from 22% to 70% for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, from 61% to 72% for astrocytoma, from 24% to 42% for medulloblastoma, from 15% to 43% for neuroblastoma, from 58% to 79% for Wilms' tumour, from 17% to 54% for osteosarcoma, from 26% to 61% for rhabdomyosarcoma, from 59% to 94% for malignant testicular germ-cell tumours and from 43% to 77% for malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours. These increases in population-based survival rates reflect the substantial advances in treatment of a wide range of childhood cancers since 1970. The two principal diagnostic groups for which there was no evidence of any trend were retinoblastoma, which already had an excellent prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of over 85%, and Ewing's sarcoma, for which the survival rate remained below 45%.
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PMID:Trends in survival for childhood cancer in Britain diagnosed 1971-85. 217 43

Primary malignant mesenchymoma of bone is a rare neoplasm consisting of two or more unrelated tissue elements other than a fibrosarcomatous component. To our knowledge, only six cases have been reported in the literature. A case of malignant mesenchymoma composed of rhabdomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and osteosarcoma arising within the right acetabulum, resulting in the patient's death 4 months after presentation, is reported, and the literature is reviewed, with a discussion of the similarities to dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma.
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PMID:Primary malignant mesenchymoma of bone. 218 75

Tumors are rare causes of knee symptoms in children but must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric knee pain in order to avoid errors in treatment that could result in loss of limb or even life. Experience with 199 bone and soft-tissue tumors about the knee in children are reviewed. The majority of lesions were benign bone tumors (n = 101), with osteocartilaginous exostoses, nonossifying fibromas, and chondroblastomas predominating. Malignant bone tumors (n = 59) were less frequent, and osteosarcoma (n = 48) was by far the most common sarcoma. Soft-tissue lesions (n = 31) were much less frequent and included rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and desmoid tumors. A careful history, physical examination, and review of roentgenograms are essential to avoid errors in diagnosis. Malignant tumors require roentgenograms and laboratory studies in sequence to stage the patient. A properly performed biopsy established the diagnosis in most instances. Popliteal cysts, stress fractures, infection, myositis ossificans, histiocytosis, and other lesions can mimic tumors and delay correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Tumors about the knee in children. 218 35

Since May 1979, 47 patients with pediatric malignancy aged 1 to 18 years (median: 7) were treated with cryopreserved autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in the department of pediatrics, National Cancer Center Hospital. The malignancies were acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (n = 8), acute lymphocytic leukemia (n = 5), osteosarcoma (n = 7), neuroblastoma (n = 6), brain tumor (n = 5), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 4), retinoblastoma (n = 3), Ewing's sarcoma (n = 3), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 2), malignant histiocytosis (n = 1), hepatoblastoma (n = 1), malignant melanoma (n = 1) and malignant neuroepithelioma (n = 1). Conditioning regimens for solid tumors were multi-agent high-dose chemotherapy, mainly consisted of cyclophosphamide (CY) 120 mg/kg or melphalan 180mg/m2 and that for hematological malignancies were CY with fractionated total body irradiation (12 Gy). In vitro purging by 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide was performed in 12 leukemia patients and 5 solid tumor patients. Of the 13 patients with acute leukemia, 1 died from relapse 1 year after the unpurged marrow transplantation and 1 relapsed in the testis. Remaining 11 patients are alive in continuous complete remission with a median follow up of 30 months (range, 2 to 65 months) after transplantation. The disease-free survival rate of them was 78%. Of the 34 patients with solid tumor, 21 patients died, their cause of death were relapse in 18 and each one of infection, graft failure and brain hemorrhage. Thirteen patients are alive without disease with a median follow up of 28 months (range, 2 to 107 months) posttransplant. The longest survivor is a brain tumor girl, and there are 5 other long survivors; 2 of them are osteosarcoma and each one of rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma and malignant histiocytosis. The disease-free survival rate of total 34 solid tumor patients is 29%, but that of 17 patients who received ABMT in responsive and minimum tumor residue (MTR) period was 69%. These results suggest that autologous bone marrow transplantation is an effective and tolerable treatment for poor prognostic pediatric malignancies, especially for acute leukemia and such solid tumor as that in MTR state.
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PMID:[Autologous bone marrow transplantation in pediatric cancer]. 226 Aug 67

As the adjuvant chemotherapy of osteosarcoma has been proved highly effective, that of soft tissue sarcoma has been expecting. However, there is still some question as to its effectiveness. The indication and methods were studied on literatures and our own cases. A survey of the literature regarding to the chemotherapeutic effect upon advanced soft tissue sarcoma shows response rate ranging 20 to 50 per cent. On the other hand, soft tissue sarcoma has a variety of histological type and malignancy and the sensitivity to chemotherapy varies considerably according to each tissue type. The literatures and our results indicate that most effective sarcoma is rhabdomyosarcoma, which is absolutely advisable to apply adjuvant chemotherapy. The same is the sarcoma with similar histological pattern. As to other type sarcomas, the therapy has to be applied according to their grade, stage, age and the effect of chemotherapy evaluated by advanced tumor. Most prevalent agents used for soft tissue sarcoma are adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, actinomycin-D, vincristine and DTIC. These agents usually used as combination called VAC, CYVADACT, CYVADIC, BCD.
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PMID:[Adjuvant chemotherapy of soft tissue sarcoma]. 230 50

The case of a 48-year-old male with a malignant mesenchymoma of the maxilla is reported. The patient had complained of bloody rhinorrhea and cheek pain, and a total maxillectomy was performed. The tumor consisted of a rhabdomyosarcoma, an osteosarcoma and a chondrosarcoma, which were relatively differentiated. Later, recurrence of a tumor and a lung metastasis occurred, however the tumor revealed undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. This led us to suspect the origin of the malignant mesenchymoma had been a primitive mesenchymal cell. To our a knowledge, the present case is the first reported case of a malignant mesenchymoma with a maxillary origin in the world.
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PMID:[A case of malignant mesenchymoma of the maxilla]. 232 68

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against human osteosarcoma cells were obtained by the fusion of NS/1 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from the human osteosarcoma cell line-immunized BALB/c mice. Two hybrid clones were established and designated as 2H10 and 2D3. Both MoAbs reacted strongly with all osteosarcoma tissues but not with other bone and soft tissue tumors such as chondrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. In addition, neither MoAb reacted with tumor cell lines and tissues obtained from other cancers. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that 2H10 and 2D3 reacted with endothelial cells in sarcoma tissues, but not with those of other tumors and normal tissues. 2H10 also reacted with cells on the basal layer of epidermis of the skin. 2H10- and 2D3-defined antigen has an approximate molecular weight of 75,000 under nonreducing and reducing conditions, indicating that the antigen has a single chain structure and there is no intramolecular disulfide bond. 2H10- and 2D3-defined antigen has a pI value between 5.5 and 6.2. Sequential immunoprecipitation analysis clearly demonstrated that 2H10 and 2D3 recognized the same antigen molecule. However, further analysis suggested the possibility that 2H10 and 2D3 MoAbs recognized the different antigenic determinants on the same antigen molecule.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies that detect different antigenic determinants of the same human osteosarcoma-associated antigen. 245 Jun 50

Carcinosarcomas of the prostate gland are exceedingly rare, and previous reports exist on only seven of these neoplasms. The authors studied two such tumors, which occurred in 63- and 69-year-old patients. One of them had osseous metastases develop, which were treated unsuccessfully by irradiation and diethylstilbestrol therapy. The other patient is free of disease 15 months after radical prostatectomy. Both tumors contained an intimate mixture of carcinoma and sarcoma; patient 1 displayed foci of chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma, whereas patient 2 exhibited areas of chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and angiosarcoma. The phenotypic nature of these tissues was confirmed by immunohistochemical studies, showing reactivity for vimentin, S-100 protein, desmin, actin, myoglobin, or Ulex europaeus I agglutinin. Conversely, the sarcomatous components lacked prostate-specific antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, and cytokeratin, whereas carcinomatous elements expressed these three markers. The authors' data support the existence of true carcinosarcomas of the prostate, that is, malignant neoplasms with conjoint epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. The question of whether prostatic carcinosarcoma is an entity that is totally distinct from sarcomatoid or metaplastic carcinoma remains problematic.
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PMID:Prostatic carcinosarcomas. Clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical data on two cases, with a review of the literature. 247 43

A phase-II study of ifosfamide with mesna, given intravenously daily for five days by bolus injection, has demonstrated the activity of ifosfamide against a spectrum of childhood malignant solid tumors. Ifosfamide presently is being investigated in alternative phase-I schedules, daily times three or every other day times three with the aim of delivering comparable amounts of ifosfamide without increasing toxicity--specifically, neurotoxicity. Additionally, response following ifosfamide treatment is being evaluated for previously untreated children with osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma after 6 weeks of treatment, and for previously untreated patients with Ewing's sarcoma after 9 weeks of treatment with ifosfamide/VP-16 (etoposide) given in combination.
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PMID:Clinical studies of ifosfamide/mesna at St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 1983-1988. 249 67

A total of 22 patients with different solid tumours refractory to previous chemotherapy were treated between May 1985 and December 1986 (osteosarcoma, 7; Wilms' tumour, 6; rhabdomyosarcoma, 2; Ewing's sarcoma, 2; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 2; retinoblastoma, 1; cavum lymphoepithelioma, 1; dyktioma, 1). Patients were aged between 3 and 20 years (mean, 10.6 years). There was a 3.4:1 male-to-female ratio. The treatment consisted of ifosfamide given i.v. as a single agent at a dose of 3,000 mg/m2 over 1 h on days 1 and 2. Mesna was given as a uroprotector at 600 mg/m2 every 4 h, up to a total of 13 doses. The courses were repeated every 3 weeks. Every patient except those with osteosarcoma had previously received cyclophosphamide. There were 3 (13.6%) complete responses (CRs) in 2 osteosarcomas and 1 abdominal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, lasting 12, 8 and 2 months, respectively; 4 (18.2%) partial responses (PRs) in 2 Wilms' tumours, 1 Ewing's sarcoma and 1 abdominal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; 4 absences of remission (ARs); and 11 (50%) cases of progressive disease (PD). In all, 81 courses were given, and the toxicities found were leukopenia (less than 2,000 leukocytes) in 15 courses, thrombocytopenia in 3, microhaematuria in 7, neurotoxicity in 8, fever in 8 and hypertension in 2. The overall response rate (31.8%) was encouraging and the toxicity, acceptable and reversible. These results demonstrate that ifosfamide should be considered for introduction into phase III protocols for the treatment of solid malignancies in children.
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PMID:Phase II study of ifosfamide as a single drug for relapsed paediatric patients. 250 55


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