Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunocytochemistry with the use of monoclonal antibodies to vimentin, keratin, desmin, neurofilaments and leukocyte common antigen (LCA) was applied to 53 fine needle aspirates of small cell-, round-, blue-cell malignant tumors of childhood (neuroblastomas, nephroblastomas, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Ewing's sarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas). The results revealed the following immunophenotypes: neuroblastomas were positive for neurofilaments. Nephroblastomas contained vimentin (in blastema cells), keratin (in epithelial and blastema cells) Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were vimentin and LCA positive, keratin negative. Ewing's sarcomas displayed multidirectional differentiation. Rhabdomyosarcomas were desmin and vimentin positive. It is concluded that immunocytochemistry in fine needle aspirates should be used as an objective evidence to support morphologic differential diagnosis of small cell-, round-, blue cell malignant tumors of childhood.
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PMID:Immunocytochemistry in fine needle aspirates of small cell-, round-, blue-cell malignant tumors of childhood (neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, lymphoma, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma). 166 3

The diagnostic utility of several antibodies against desmin and their optimal staining conditions have not been systematically evaluated. Sections of paraffin-embedded tissues from 584 cases were stained with a monoclonal antibody against desmin (Clone DER 11 from DAKO), using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. The results were tabulated and compared with those from previous reports. The following observations were made: (1) When pronase digestion was performed before staining, desmin was equally demonstrable in tissues fixed in formalin, Zenker's, Bouin's, or B5 fixative; however, desmin staining was lost or significantly diminished in tissues fixed in absolute ethyl alcohol. In contrast, when pronase was not used, a positive staining was demonstrated only in tissue fixed in absolute ethyl alcohol. (2) Positive staining was found in normal muscle (92 of 92 cases), leiomyoma (12 of 13), rhabdomyoma (6 of 6), rhabdomyosarcoma (31 of 31), leiomyosarcoma (18 of 26). (3) Desmin was never found in epithelia, normal mesenchymal tissue other than muscle, tumors stimulating rhabdomyosarcoma, and epithelial tumors. (4) A positive staining was documented in 1 tumor (a fibrous histiocytoma) of 42 benign predominantly spindle cell tumors and in 8 of 89 predominantly spindle cell sarcomas. (5) Desmin was never documented in myoepithelial cells but stained myofibroblasts in 2 of 12 examples of granulation tissue and in 29 of 67 samples containing tumor-associated desmoplasia. The authors' data on the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the evaluated antibody should improve the use of desmin in diagnostic pathology.
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PMID:The diagnostic utility of desmin. A study of 584 cases and review of the literature. 168 48

Double and triple immunocytochemical detection methods for routine use in histopathology were investigated. For double immunostaining, the combinations of immunogold-silver staining (IGSS, black) with an immunoperoxidase method (3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole, red-brown) or with an immunoalkaline phosphatase method (Fast Red TR, red) proved very useful. These were followed by a Haematoxylin counterstain. An alternative approach using immunoperoxidase (red-brown) and immunoalkaline phosphatase (Fast Blue, BB, blue) methods was also successful, particularly for frozen sections of unfixed tissue and for the establishment of intermediate filament coexpression in tumours. The coexistence of desmin with vimentin in rhabdomyosarcoma, and of glial fibrillary acidic protein with vimentin in ependymoma, could be demonstrated directly by means of non-crossreacting murine and rabbit antibodies in the above combinations. The black (IGSS), red-brown (immunoperoxidase) and blue (immunoalkaline phosphatase) colours gave excellent contrast in triple immunostaining. The side-by-side demonstration of helper and suppressor T lymphocytes during renal allograft rejection, of kappa and lambda light chains in B-immunoblastic lymphoma, and of T and B lymphocyte populations in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas provided immediate information on the topography and cellular organization of the tissues.
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PMID:Double and triple immunocytochemical labelling at the light microscope level in histopathology. 170 50

The authors assessed a panel of immunohistochemical stains against 109 pediatric solid tumors, primarily rhabdomyosarcomas, under the auspices of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. Fresh tumor tissue received from participating organizations was divided into portions that were either frozen or fixed in formalin, alcohol, or B5. Immunostaining was performed by the avidin-biotin complex method using monoclonal antibodies to desmin, neurofilaments, vimentin, cytokeratin, and leukocyte common antigen on cryostat sections. Tissue was also embedded in paraffin and stained with antimuscle-specific actin (MSA) and polyclonal antibodies to desmin, creatine kinase M subunit (CKM), myoglobin, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Antidesmin staining of cryostat sections was the most sensitive indicator of rhabdomyosarcoma (58 of 62 specimens positive). Results with this reagent in alcohol-fixed and formalin-fixed tissue were similar (46 of 56 positive versus 43 of 56 positive, respectively) and comparable with results with anti-MSA in formalin-fixed tissue (43 of 55 positive). However, the proportion of cells stained by antidesmin was higher in alcohol-fixed tissue than in formalin-fixed tissue. Staining with antimyoglobin and anti-CKM was much less satisfactory, with positivity rates of 17 of 37 and 11 of 57, respectively, in formalin-fixed rhabdomyosarcomas. Immunostaining of muscle markers revealed evidence of myogenesis in six undifferentiated sarcomas and in two sarcomas with inadequate histologic study on hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections. However, positivity was also noticed in samples of fibromatosis, Wilms' tumor, ectomesenchyoma, peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor, renal rhabdoid tumor, myositis ossificans, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and embryonal sarcoma of the liver. The authors conclude that combined use of antidesmin and anti-MSA enhances the diagnosis of childhood sarcomas, especially when employed with other techniques such as electron microscopic study.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of childhood rhabdomyosarcomas and related neoplasms. Results of an Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma study project. 171 May 39

Sixty-three pure mesenchymal tumors of the uterus were studied to explore the value of immunostaining in the diagnosis of unusual mesenchymal tumors encountered in the uterus, some not reported previously. Each tumor was evaluated using a panel of immunostains including actin, desmin, vimentin, S-100 protein, and cytokeratin. The final classification, which incorporated the immunohistochemical findings, resulted in the identification of 33 relatively common pure mesenchymal tumors (13 benign and malignant endometrial stromal tumors and 20 benign and malignant smooth muscle tumors) and 30 uncommon tumors (five leiomyosarcomas with osteoclastic giant cells, two xanthomatous leiomyosarcomas, one melanotic schwannoma, one pure rhabdomyosarcoma, one neurofibroma, five plexiform tumorlets, and 15 combined smooth muscle-stromal tumors). The normal endometrial stroma, present in 14 cases, invariably showed a negative reaction for all antibodies. With rare exceptions, the pure endometrial stromal tumors displayed a negative immunoreaction for all antibodies utilized, while the pure smooth muscle tumors consistently showed a positive reaction for actin. Only the two tumors of neural origin (a neurofibroma and a melanotic schwannoma) reacted with S-100 protein. Immunostaining influenced most the final classification of neoplasms initially interpreted as uterine tumors with a sex-cord stromal pattern, endometrial stromal tumors that diverged from the classic lesions by having a spindle cell component, and intravascular leiomyomas with areas of compact proliferation of small round cells with prominent vascularity. All tumors in these three groups were reclassified as combined smooth muscle-stromal tumors following immunohistochemical studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic aid in the interpretation of unusual mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. 171 Aug 7

A case is presented of a rhabdomyosarcoma of the oesophagus with a description of the cytology, light microscopy, and immunocytochemical findings and a discussion of spindle cell tumours occurring at this site. Cytologically, large bizarre shaped pleomorphic cells were seen in which desmin was demonstrated in order to confirm the diagnosis after destaining a Papanicolaou stained slide and restaining it with antibody to desmin.
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PMID:Primary oesophageal rhabdomyosarcoma. 171 22

A case of dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma of the uterus was examined using immunohistochemistry. The tumor arose in the myometrium, and was a whitish large nodule with hemorrhage and necrosis. Histologically it was a well differentiated leiomyosarcoma with foci showing epithelioid pattern, and in part resembling malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and giant cell tumor (GCT). Additionally, small round neoplastic cells arranged in an alveolar manner, simulating alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, were seen in some areas. Neoplastic cells in well differentiated areas expressed desmin, muscle-specific actin and LeuM1, whereas those in epithelioid and poorly differentiated areas lacked these antigens. Instead, tumor cells in epithelioid and small round cell areas were positive for keratin. Interestingly, most tumor cells in well differentiated, epithelioid and small round cell areas were also positive for MB1. However, tumor cells in GCT- and MFH-like areas reacted with none of the antibodies used. Ultrastructurally, some tumor cells possessed various amounts of microfilaments with or without dense patches, whereas others lacked them. These findings suggest that the divergent antigen expression was attributable to different levels of differentiation, and that poorly differentiated components had lost their native features.
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PMID:Histological and immunohistochemical observations of dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma of the uterus. 171 42

Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the cerebellum. Histopathological and immunohistochemical study: a necropsy case. A necropsy case of primary cerebellar rhabdomyosarcoma occurred in a 38-year-old man has been investigated by histological and immunohistochemical techniques. In the most differentiated rhabdomyoblasts microscopic analysis showed obvious cross-striations and immunohistochemical reactivity for myoglobin (PAP method). Many tumor cells were positive for vimentin and muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin, but neither for glial fibrillary acidic protein nor neuron-specific enolase. The diagnostic role of the immunohistochemistry in this tumor is pointed out. The clinicopathological features of 30 cases of primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the central nervous system previously reported in the literature are briefly reviewed, and the histogenesis is discussed.
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PMID:[Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the cerebellum. Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of an autopsy case]. 174 82

At necropsy, a 7-year-old Holstein cow, clinically diagnosed via rectal palpation as having malignant abdominal neoplasia was found to have many metastatic tumors of various sizes in the abdominal and thoracic cavities and in the liver, lung, kidney, adrenal, uterus, and lymph nodes. These tumors were examined by histologic and immunohistochemical methods using anti-human myoglobin, anti-bovine myoglobin, and anti-desmin sera. Tumors were diagnosed as undifferentiated alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas. The tumors in the abdominal and thoracic cavities differed histologically from the metastases in organs. The former tumors consisted of only undifferentiated cells, most of which did not stain positively for desmin or myoglobin. The metastatic tumors contained a few rhabdomyoblastic cells that stained positively for desmin and myoglobin. Tumors tissues from the cow were transplanted and propagated through six passages in athymic nude mice. After one passage, the transplanted tumor histologically resembled those from the abdominal serosa and consisted of cells with scanty cytoplasm with an alveolar arrangement. Cells from this tumor stained positively for desmin and negatively for myoglobin. After two passages through nude mice, tumor cells were of two distinct histologic types: those cells with scanty cytoplasm and elongated cells with plentiful eosinophilic cytoplasm. Both of these cells stained positively for both desmin and myoglobin. After six passages, cross striations were detected in neoplastic cells by electron microscopy. These findings illustrate that a highly undifferentiated bovine rhabdomyosarcoma, in which most of the cells in the original tumor lacked desmin and myoglobin, became better differentiated and stained positively for desmin and myoglobin after serial transplantation in nude mice.
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PMID:Bovine undifferentiated alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and its differentiation in xenotransplanted tumors. 175 Jan 69

A group of 27 rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) whose histology showed abundant cells containing cytoplasmic intermediate-filament globular inclusions resembling those seen in rhabdoid tumors has been identified among Inter-group Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) I-III patients (less than 1%). Their histologic subtype was embryonal RMS in 22 and alveolar RMS in 5. One-half of tumors occurred in deep muscles of the extremities, retroperitoneum, or in the pelvis. Immunohistochemical analysis of 12 cases showed the inclusions to be vimentin or desmin positive. Anti-muscle-specific actin antibodies were positive in the cytoplasm of 11 cases, but not in the site of the intermediate-filament inclusions. Seven poorly differentiated neoplasms closely resembled rhabdoid tumors and possessed large nucleoli in most cells along with cytoplasmic inclusions. In contrast to true rhabdoid tumors, their nuclear chromatin was usually coarse. Immunohistochemistry proved useful in distinguishing tumors with early myoblastic differentiation. A positive anti-desmin, when confined to the cytoplasmic inclusions only, should be complemented with other muscle-specific antibodies, especially anti-muscle actin to separate RMS from rhabdoid tumors. The statistical analysis was limited by the small number of cases, but there was no statistical difference in survival when this group of RMS was compared with 996 IRS-II patients as a whole. The distinction of RMS with abundant intermediate-filament inclusions from rhabdoid tumors is of clinical importance because patients with true rhabdoid tumors have a highly unfavorable prognosis.
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PMID:Rhabdomyosarcomas with intermediate-filament inclusions and features of rhabdoid tumors. Light microscopic and immunohistochemical study. 184 8


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