Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Simian sarcoma-associated virus type 1 propagated in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells exhibited characteristics typical of oncornaviruses but seemed to have several aberrant properties. It had a buoyant density of 1.14 g/cm3, had RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, seemed to be labile to high salt concentrations, and contained little 50 to 60S RNA but relatively large amounts of human ribosomal RNA. In addition to 50 to 60S RNA, purified virions contained smaller RNA molecules with sedimentation coefficients of 28 to 30S, 18 TO 20S, and 4 to 10S. Unlike the 50 to 60S RNA species, the smaller virion-associated RNAs lacked polyadenylic acid, and the 28 to 30S RNA had an average base composition similar to that of human ribosomal RNA. Upon heat denaturation, the native 50 to 60S RNA genome yielded polyadenylic acid-containing 28 to 30S subunits that degraded in to 18 to 20S molecules upon further heat treatment. The 50 to 60S viral RNA had a guanine plus cytosine content of 56%.
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PMID:RNA of simian sarcoma-associated virus type 1 produced in human tumor cells. 4 85

A new retravirus (SMRV) isolated from a squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus, has an Mg2+-dependen reverse transcriptase and a buoyant density of 1.17 g/cm3 in sucrose and 1.21 g/cm3 in cesium chloride, similar to the mouse mammary tumor virus and the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. The polypeptide patter of SMRV as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was distinct from the reported polypeptide patterns of known retraviruses. Four major polypeptides of molecular weights 40,000, 20,000, 14,000 and 8,000 were resolved in virus propagated in human, mink, and canine cells. In A204 human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, a protein of 73,000 daltons (gp73) represented the major viral glycoprotein as determined by [3H]glucosamine labeling. Additional proteins were also observed, but their presence depended on the cell type in which the virus was propagated. In both species-and interspecies-specific assays, no antigenic relatedness was observed between SMRV and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, mouse mammary tumor virus, baboon endogenous virus (BaLV), woolly monkey virus (SSV-1), murine leukemia virus, endogenous feline type C virus (RD-114), bovine leukemia virus, and equine infectious anemia virus. These findings indicate that SMRV represents a new retravirus and the first isolate from a New World monkey.
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PMID:Characterization of a retravirus isolated from squirrel monkeys. 6 28

Cell-free extracts of the human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line HUS-2 caused the transformation of human embryo fibroblasts. This transformation included morphologic alteration, karyotypic change, and an increase in culture longevity. With the use of sex markers, multiple karyotypes confirmed that the human embryo fibroblasts were transformed, and the use of cell-free material further suggested the presence of a transforming virus. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity in a particle with a specific gravity of 1.16 g/cm3 indicated the presence of an RNA type C virus. Evidence also suggested that the known mammalian type C viruses, routine cytopathic effect-inducing viruses, or mycoplasma were not the agents responsible for the transformation. That both the donor (HUS-2) and converted (HUE-T) cell lines cross-reacted with antisera prepared against HUE-T indicated a common antigen arising in the process of conversion of HUS-2 cells to HUE-T cells.
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PMID:Transformation of human embryo cells with the use of cell-free extracts of a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (HUS-2): brief communication. 7 83

An RNA-direct DNA polymerase was purified from human melanoma tissue by successive column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose (DE-23 and DE-52) and phosphocellulose. The purified reverse transcriptase has a mol. wt. of 68,000, a pH optimum of 8.0, a Mn2+ optimum of 0.6 mM, and a KCl optimum of 60 mM. The purified enzyme transcribes (rA)n - (dT)12, (rC)n - (dG)18, (Ome-rC)n - (dG)18 and a 70s RNA from Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV), but failed to transcribe (dA)n - (dT)12. This enzyme has no terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity. Serological studies have shown that the reverse transcriptase from human melanoma tissue is antigenically not related to DNA polymerases from Simian sarcoma virus (SiSV), Avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), RLV, and human spleen of a patient with myelofibrosis. The purified enzyme showed a close antigenic resemblance to DNA polymerases from baboon endogenous virus (BEV) and rhabdomyosarcoma virus (RD-114), the endogenous virus of the cat.
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PMID:Biochemical and immunological characterization of a reverse transcriptase from human melanoma tissue. 8 88

In embryonal human cell culture there was found the biological activity of DNA preparations, obtained from peripheral blood cells of acute leukemia patients, which was manifested in the production of virus-like RNA-containing particles, as evidenced by the radioisotope analysis findings and by the reverse transcriptase content in these particles. Also, a rapid growth of the cultures was noted. The DNA preparations from rhabdomyosarcoma, neurinoma and synovial sarcoma in man would cause only an enhancement of human embryonal cell cultures growth. No production of virus-like particles in the latter was noted.
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PMID:[Search for viral genetic information in human tumor DNA by means of transfection]. 8 6

In transient gene expression assays we observed an increase in expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase (CAT) gene, under the transcriptional control of the HIV-1 LTR (pLTR-CAT), when this plasmid was cotransfected into Vero or MRC-5 cells with a plasmid containing either the HCMV immediate early 1 and 2 (E1, IE2) genes (pRL43a) or just the IE2 gene (pMP18). When the HCMV IE1 gene (pMP12) was cotransfected with pLTR-CAT into Vero cells the level of measurable CAT gene activity was below the level observed when pLTR-CAT was cotransfected with a nonspecific carrier plasmid (pGEM3). The negative influence of the HCMV IE1 gene product on the HIV-1 LTR in Vero cells was also observed when the HIV-1 tat gene (pLTR-TAT) was contransfected into Vero cells with pLTR-CAT and pMP12. However, when the HCMV IE1 gene was cotransfected into rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells with proviral HIV-1 DNA, an increase in viral production, as monitored by measurement of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity, was observed. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, nuclear extracts obtained 15 hr post-HCMV infection (hpi) were found to contain a lower level of interaction with an oligonucleotide which corresponded to the HIV-1 LTR Sp-1 binding motif. Nuclear extracts obtained 40 hpi of MRC-5 cells had a greater level of interaction with, and changed the mobility of, the Sp-1 oligonucleotide relative to the uninfected nuclear extracts. HCMV-infected MRC-5 cell nuclear extracts also contain a factor(s) which interacted with the HIV-1 LTR between nucleotide positions -15 to -2 relative to the HIV-1 mRNA start site.
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PMID:Characterization of multiple molecular interactions between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). 215

A full-length molecular clone of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proviral DNA was transferred to human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells by gene transfer method. RD cells released infectious virus within 12 hours after transfection and the viral particles present in the culture medium could be quantitated by monitoring reverse transcriptase activity. Chronic low level viral producer cell lines of RD were also established. Southern hybridization analysis revealed the presence of HIV sequences in transfected RD cells. Electron microscopic studies of the transfected cell revealed intracellular budding of HIV and also showed structural abnormalities such as giant cell phenotype and vacuolation. These features qualify RD cells as a useful system for studying the regulation and cytopathic effects of HIV.
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PMID:Studies on human immunodeficiency virus-induced cytopathic effects: use of human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. 335 73

A type-C RNA virus has been isolated that replicates readily in human and other primate cells. It was obtained from a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell (RD) that had been serially transplanted in immunosuppressed NIH Swiss mice, a strain of mouse from which infectious type-C virus has not been isolated. Various other human tumor cells, similarly transplanted, remained free of overt type-C virus expression. The virus growing in the RD cells, AT-124, has a group-specific antigen and an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase immunologically related to murine type-C viruses, but a host range similar to that of the RD-114 virus. The new isolate is either a previously undescribed, endogenous type-C virus from NIH Swiss mice or a recombinant with both mouse and human type-C genetic information.
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PMID:A type-C virus in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells after inoculation into NIH Swiss mice treated with antithymocyte serum. 412 93

The tumor promoters 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and teleocidin were found to be effective in stimulating the synthesis of primate retroviruses in chronically infected human cells. Production of baboon endogenous virus, simian sarcoma virus of woolly monkeys, Mason-Pfizer virus of rhesus monkeys and of a type D isolate from a human cell line was evaluated by assaying particle-associated reverse transcriptase activities in culture fluids of cells grown in the presence or absence of tumour promoters. Both TPA and teleocidin caused a significant but transient increase in virus production, as well as cytomorphological changes in the following infected cell types: human embryonic kidney, Tu 197 human ovarian carcinoma cells, NC 37 human lymphoblastoid line. However, infected A 204 human rhabdomyosarcoma cells were not modified by these promoters. The stimulation of virus production reached its maximum after two to four days, at which time virus production was three to forty times higher than that in controls. The optimal concentration of tumour promoters was 5-10 ng/mL. 12-O-Retinoylphorbol-13-acetate produced a similar but somewhat weaker effect. Control experiments demonstrated that enhancement was specific to those viruses that chronically infected each cell type.
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PMID:Enhancement of primate retrovirus synthesis by tumour promoters. 644 5

A quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) system has been developed to calculate the level of expression of human retinoic acid receptors (hRAR) alpha, beta, and gamma. Starting from a single cDNA preparation, the system allows the measurement of the number of molecules of each mRNA receptor. This is made possible by a synthetic internal standard mRNA which is added in known concentrations at the beginning of the reaction. The system is tested in a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (A-673) where we have measured the upregulation of beta and gamma receptor mRNAs following treatment with retinoic acid.
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PMID:An improved RT-PCR protocol for the quantitation of human retinoic acid receptor RNA. 751 Feb 46


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