Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fine needle aspirate in a case of pleomorphic giant-cell carcinoma of the pancreas, an unusual but highly malignant variant of ductal carcinoma of the pancreas, was characterized by bizarre tumor giant cells, "osteoclastlike" giant cells and abundant mitoses. The differential diagnostic possibilities include sarcoma (rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and liposarcoma), melanoma, choriocarcinoma, metastatic giant-cell carcinoma of the lung and giant-cell tumor of the pancreas. A combination of clinical history, imaging findings and fine needle aspiration biopsy with transmission electron microscopy could lead to the appropriate diagnosis and help differentiate this entity from the other possible considerations.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration of pleomorphic giant-cell carcinoma of the pancreas. Case report with ultrastructural observations. 346 52

In 25 years, 18 patients with breast cancer were treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 16 were female and 2 were male. The patients presented with primary malignancy (2), metastatic disease (13), or secondary malignancy (3). One of the females with primary breast malignancy had alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. She was treated with wide excision and is currently receiving chemotherapy. The other patient presented with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the right breast. After biopsy, she was treated with chemotherapy. Of 13 patients with metastatic disease, the primary lesion was rhabdomyosarcoma in nine. One patient each had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and signet-cell adenocarcinoma. All patients with metastatic disease to the breast died of the disease. Three females presented with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. Two underwent mastectomy and are alive without evidence of disease. One patient refused therapy and died of the second malignancy. We conclude that (1) breast malignancies had three distinctly different presentations in our patients, (2) the breasts of pediatric oncology patients should be carefully and routinely examined for metastatic disease, and (3) metastatic disease in the breast of a child is a manifestation of disseminated disease and is associated with an extremely poor prognosis.
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PMID:Breast malignancy in children. 812 Jul 61

A malignant phyllodes tumour with a noninvasive ductal carcinoma component is reported. The patient was an 80-year-old Japanese woman with a breast tumour detected by routine physical examination. A simple mastectomy was performed. The excised tumour was 10.5 x 9.4 x 5.4 cm in size and bulged into the skin with ulceration. The macroscopic appearance was that of a phyllodes tumour. Histologically the tumour consisted mainly of stromal components with a leaf-like structure lined by atypical ductal epithelium. The epithelial component showed gradual evolution to intraductal papillary carcinoma in a few areas. The stromal component was composed mainly of fibrosarcoma with areas of osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Neither stromal invasion of intraductal carcinoma nor transition between the stromal and epithelial elements was seen. Three months after the operation, death occurred, with multiple pulmonary and subcutaneous metastases. This case probably represents malignant change in both the stromal and the epithelial components of a phyllodes tumour. Since the two elements were independent, the possibility that a phyllodes tumour may be one of the origins of true carcinosarcoma is raised.
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PMID:Malignant phyllodes tumour with a noninvasive ductal carcinoma component. 946 93

The term vasculogenic mimicry describes the formation of fluid-conducting channels by highly invasive and genetically dysregulated tumor cells. Two distinctive types of vasculogenic mimicry have been described. Vasculogenic mimicry of the tubular type may be confused morphologically with endothelial cell-lined blood vessels. Vasculogenic mimicry of the patterned matrix type in no way resembles blood vessels morphologically or topologically. Matrix proteins such as laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and collagens IV and VI have been identified in these patterns. The patterned matrix anastomoses with blood vessels, and systemically injected tracers co-localize to these patterns. Vasculogenic mimicry of the patterned matrix type has been identified in uveal, cutaneous and mucous membrane melanomas, inflammatory and ductal breast carcinoma, ovarian and prostatic carcinoma, and soft tissue sarcomas, including synovial sarcoma rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and pheochromocytoma. Because the microcirculation of many tumors may be heterogeneous -- including incorporated or co-opted vessels, angiogenic vessels, mosaic vessels, and vasculogenic mimicry of the tubular and patterned matrix types -- therapeutic regimens that target angiogenesis alone may be ineffective against highly invasive tumors that contain patterned matrices. Vasculogenic mimicry provides an opportunity to investigate the interrelationships between the genetically dysregulated invasive tumor cell, the microenvironment, and the malignant switch.
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PMID:Vasculogenic mimicry. 1556 13

Spindle cell (sarcomatoid) carcinoma of the breast is a rare variant of breast cancer that has been classified under the broad rubric of metaplastic carcinoma. Because the term "metaplastic carcinoma" comprises a heterogeneous group of tumors, it has been difficult to reliably predict biologic potential or to determine optimal therapy. To better characterize the spindle cell subset of metaplastic breast carcinomas, we reviewed 29 cases. All patients were adult females ranging from 40 to 96 years of age (median, 68 years). Tumor size ranged from 1.5 to 15 cm (median, 4 cm). Treatment was by excision and/or mastectomy with axillary node evaluation in most cases, often combined with postoperative radiation and/or chemotherapy. All cases were clinically of breast origin, showed >or=80% spindled/sarcomatoid morphology, and demonstrated keratin positivity and/or close association with ductal carcinoma in situ. Immunohistochemical studies showed evidence suggesting myoepithelial differentiation as exhibited by immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin 14, and p63 in a subset of cases (39%). Twenty-seven cases exhibited pure spindled or sarcomatoid morphology of variable appearance and nuclear grade, whereas 2 contained high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma comprising <or=20% of the tumor mass. Two cases exhibited heterologous elements (1 rhabdomyosarcoma and 1 with both chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma) and 4 were associated with ductal carcinoma in situ. Follow-up data were available on 24 of 29 patients (range, 1-120 months; median, 20 months). Of 20 cases in which axillary nodes were biopsied, definitive nodal metastases were identified in only 1 (5%), and this was in a case with a significant component of invasive ductal carcinoma. Three patients developed local recurrences. Extranodal metastases occurred in 11 of 24 patients (46%), most commonly to the lungs. Ten of 24 patients (42%) died of disease at a median interval of 11.5 months (range, 1-46 months) and 3 patients were alive with metastatic disease. Eight patients were alive with no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease (median, 29.5 months). Based on this series, spindle cell/sarcomatoid carcinoma of the breast is a highly aggressive neoplasm with a high rate of extranodal metastases. Purely spindled/sarcomatoid tumors have a significantly lower rate of nodal metastases than conventional ductal and lobular breast carcinomas.
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PMID:Spindle cell (sarcomatoid) carcinoma of the breast: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 29 cases. 1725 81

mRNA transfection is a useful approach for temporal cell reprogramming with minimal risk of transgene-mediated mutagenesis. We applied this to redirect lymphocyte cytotoxicity toward malignant cells. Using the chimeric immune receptor (CIR) constructs anti-CD19 CIR and 8H9 CIR, we achieved uniform expression of CIRs on virtually the entire population of lymphocytes. We reprogrammed CD3+ CD8+, CD3+ CD4+, and natural killer (NK ) cells toward autologous and allogeneic targets such as B cells, Daudi lymphoma, primary melanoma, breast ductal carcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. The reprogramming procedure is fast. Although most of the experiments were performed on lymphocytes obtained after 7-day activation, only 1-day activation of T cells with anti-CD3, anti-CD28 antibodies, and interleukin-2 is sufficient to develop both lymphocyte cytotoxicity and competence for mRNA transfer. The entire procedure, which includes lymphocyte activation and reprogramming, can be completed in 2 days. The efficiency of mRNA-modified human T cells was tested in a murine xenograft model. Human CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes expressing anti-CD19 CIR mRNA inhibited Daudi lymphoma growth in NOD=SCID mice. These results demonstrate that a mixed population of cytotoxic lymphocytes, including T cells together with NK cells, can be quickly and simultaneously reprogrammed by mRNA against autologous malignancies. With relatively minor modifications the described method of lymphocyte reprogramming can be scaled up for cancer therapy.
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PMID:Chimeric receptor mRNA transfection as a tool to generate antineoplastic lymphocytes. 1902 15

Sarcomas of the breast constitute less than 1% of all malignant breast tumors and primary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a very rare entity with limited case reports in the literature. RMS is common in children and adolescents and rare in adults. Primary RMS arising from the breast is exceedingly rare in adults. We report a case of a primary RMS of the breast in a 60-year-old woman, who presented in an early stage, mimicking invasive ductal carcinoma clinically and is in complete remission after three years of diagnosis and one year of treatment.
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PMID:Primary Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Breast in an Adult: An Extremely Rare Case. 3103 34