Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1973 and 1983, eight children who had undergone successful multimodal management of malignant tumors developed secondary thyroid neoplasms. The primary tumors were acute lymphocytic leukemia in three, Wilms' tumor in two, and Hodgkin's disease, rhabdomyosarcoma, and ganglioneuroblastoma in one each. During this period, 174 long-term survivors with these five diagnoses were enrolled in our tumor registry, yielding a 4.6% incidence of secondary thyroid neoplasms. All eight patients received both radiation and chemotherapy. The mean radiation dose was 2,700 r with a calculated thyroid dose of 2,140 r (range, 5 to 4,200 r). Age of diagnosis of the primary tumors ranged from 1 to 8 2/12 years (mean, 5 years), and the latent period between treatment and development of the thyroid lesions averaged 6 1/2 years. Thyroid neoplasms presented at an average age of 11 4/12 years. Five patients developed solitary adenomas, one presented with multiple adenomas, and two had follicular carcinoma with regional lymph node metastases. Although thyroid neoplasms are rare in childhood, clinically apparent thyroid tumors have been observed in up to 2.5% of children following radiation exposure (mean follow-up, 24 years). The reported latent period before the development of thyroid neoplasms in irradiated patients is at least 10 years, with the peak incidence occurring 20 to 25 years after exposure. This study documents a 4.6% incidence of subsequent thyroid neoplasms in pediatric cancer patients within a relatively short follow-up period (mean, 11 years). These thyroid tumors occurred at an earlier age (mean, 11.5 years) and with a shorter latent period (mean, 6.5 years) than would be predicted from previous studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Secondary thyroid neoplasms in pediatric cancer patients: increased risk with improved survival. 609 62

The role of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in the evaluation of thyroid lesions in not as well established in children when compared with adults. Hence we aimed to ascertain the utility and limitations of FNA in childhood thyroid lesions. This was a retrospective analysis of all thyroid FNA performed in children less than 14 years of age over a 4-year period (2005-2009). Histopathological follow-up was available in six cases. A total of 77 cases were included in the analysis. The most common cytological diagnosis was lymphocytic thyroiditis (49.3%), followed by colloid goiter (18.2%), hyperplasia (10.4%), and benign aspirate (7.8%); malignancy was identified in six cases (7.8%). Of these six cases, three were papillary thyroid carcinoma. There was one false-positive case reported as a Hurthle-cell neoplasm, which on histology showed Hashimoto's thyroiditis. One case each of rhabdomyosarcoma and spindle epithelial tumor with thymus like differentiation was wrongly diagnosed as thyroid neoplasm, NOS, and medullary carcinoma (spindle variant), respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 98.6% with 100% sensitivity, 98.6% specificity, 80% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. FNA is extremely valuable in the initial evaluation of thyroid swelling in children. Rare neoplasms masquerading as thyroid nodules in children can pose difficulties in diagnosis; however, papillary carcinoma is easily recognized. In lymphocytic thyroiditis, it provides a tissue diagnosis, thereby avoiding more invasive procedure for merely diagnostic purposes.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration in the evaluation of thyroid lesions in children. 2261 57