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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Undiluted, fivefold-diluted, and 25-fold-diluted doses of a stock of Moloney murine sarcoma virus were injected directly, in a volume of 0.025 ml, into the backs of fetal Sprague-Dawley rats by laparotomy through the uterine wall at 18 days of gestation. During the first 8 weeks after birth the young responded to the virus with remarkably high but dose-dependent incidences of neoplasms. When a one-fifth dilution of the virus preparation was inoculated at fetal ages 16, 18, and 20 days, the incidences of lesions decreased with advancing fetal age. The tumors developed preferentially at the virus inoculation site and/or in the proximal parts of the extremeties; all were considered to be of mesenchymal derivation, i.e., malignant mesenchymoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma or fibromyxosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, plasmacytoma, and a giant cell tumor. This injection procedure provided us with a valuable experimental tool for the rapid screening or testing of potential chemical carcinogens and other biologic studies.
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PMID:Enhancement of tumor induction in rats with Moloney murine sarcoma virus by a "new" method based on direct injection into fetuses. 26 91

Moloney murine sarcoma virus (M-MSV) was injected directly into the fetuses of Sprague-Dawley rats during the late stage of gestation and into the neonates within 24 hours after birth. Ninety rats developed 188 neoplastic lesions during the 8-week period of observation. Nearly all of the neoplasms were of mesenchymal derivation. Sixty percent of these neoplasms revealed more complex histologic features than those previously reported for neoplasms induced in rodents with M-MSV and were designated "malignant mesenchymoma" which developed preferentially in the proximal parts of the extremities, distant from the inoculation site. Rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma which developed in a pure form at the various sites were the next most common tumor type. Osteosarcoma developing in a pure form and as a component of malignant mesenchymoma in the humerus and femur was comparable to that of juxtacortical osteosarcoma of man; The development of excessive bones were observed in the forelimb and/or hind leg, suggesting a type of skeletal malformation. The reaction to M-MSV merits attention as a model for the study of an osteosarcoma and malignant mesenchymoma as well as rhabdomyosarcoma and also for the study of viral teratogenesis in man, as "rubella syndrome".
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PMID:Pathology of neoplasms and other lesions induced in rats with Moloney murine sarcoma virus. 26 56

Malignant mesenchymoma within the right ulnar nerve of an 8 year old boy is described. The patient did not have stigmata of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. The growing and painful tumour was excised five and a half detection, and recurred five months later. Mingling of the nerve sheath sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma was noted within the same mass which was separated from the adjacent striated muscles. It is suggested that this mesenchymoma arose from mesenchymal cells or cells of mesenchymal type comprising the peripheral nerve sheath which is derived from ectomesenchyme of the neural crest.
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PMID:Malignant mesenchymoma of ulnar nerve: combined sarcoma of nerve sheath and rhabdomyosarcoma. 46 59

Fifteen patients with surgically incurable, advanced, and metastatic sarcomas were treated with courses of adriamycin and vincristine-actinomycin D alternating within a 7-week cycle. Three patients had objective partial responses for more than 3 months (liposarcoma, 4 months; fibrous histiocytoma, 15+ months; desmoid tumor, 19+ months) while two other patients (liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma) had lesser responses. No beneficial effect could be attributed to therapy in two patients with leiomyosarcoma, two patients each with synovial cell sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma, and one patient each with rhabdomyosarcoma and mesenchymoma. No additive effect of alternating full doses of these agents could be demonstrated over the published data on response to adriamycin or actinomycin D alone.
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PMID:Alternating administration of adriamycin (NSC-123127) and vincristine (NSC-67574)-actinomycin D (NSC-3053) in advanced sarcomas. 110 47

A case of ganglioneuroblastoma associated with malignant mesenchymoma is reported. The tumor originated from the retroperitoneum and was comprised not only of neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma, but also of typical rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, undifferentiated mesenchymoma, as well as cartilaginous tissue. No distinct border existed between thses different components. The histogenesis of the tumor is discussed. We suggest that the tumor derived from a remnant of neural crest (ectomesenchyme).
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PMID:Ganglioneuroblastoma associated with malignant mesenchymoma. 118 58

Thirty-two children with solid tumors (lymphangioma, fibrosarcoma, hepatocarcinoma, osteogenic sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, mesenchymoma, hepatoma, Ewing's sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, neuroblastoma, Hodgkin's disease, and brain tumors) were studied for alterations in coagulation by means of platelet counts, platelet aggregation, thrombelastogram, procoagulant and antigenic factor VIII, fibrin split products, and antithrombin III level. Results indicated hypercoagulability as shown by abnormally short thrombelastograms and elevated factor VIII levels and platelet counts in approximately one-half of the group. With the exception of increased fibrin split products in a third of the patients, little laboratory or clinical evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation was seen. Hypercoagulability, as noted in adult carcinoma patients, can also occur in childhood sarcoma patients.
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PMID:Hypercoagulability in childhood cancer. 120 73

A cell line (SCMC-MM-1) was established from a human abdominal tumor that was initially diagnosed as a malignant mesenchymoma by histological, immunohistochemical and clinical criteria. The cell line was composed of 2 morphologically and immunohistochemically distinct cell types, one with a small polygonal phenotype (P-type), characterized by the immunostaining of vimentin and the presence of a few electron-microscopically visible organelles, and the other with a giant tubular phenotype (T-type), characterized by the immunostaining of desmin, alpha-sarcomeric actin and skeletal-muscle myosin, and the presence of thick and thin myofilaments and Z-line materials. The parental cell line was cloned into 2 sublines, a P-type clone (SCMC-MM-1-19P) and a T-type clone (SCMC-MM-1-1T), which shared both 2q37 and 11p15 translocations, the characteristic chromosomal aberrations for rhabdomyosarcoma, with the parental SCMC-MM-1 cell line. Northern-blot analyses of the myogenic regulatory genes, including MyoD1 and myogenin, demonstrated the expression of MyoD1 in both of these sublines. Myogenin was very weakly expressed in the SCMC-MM-1-19P subline, but strongly expressed in the SCMC-MM-1-1T subline. Chromosomal and myogenic-regulatory-gene analyses revealed that both of these sublines were rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Furthermore, the regulatory-gene analyses indicated that these 2 sublines represented 2 distinct differentiation stages of myoblasts, and that MyoD1 and myogenin could serve as the lineage marker and the differentiation marker, respectively, of human rhabdomyosarcoma.
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PMID:Differential expression of myogenic regulatory genes, MyoD1 and myogenin, in human rhabdomyosarcoma sublines. 131 1

From July 1982 to December 1989, 43 of 1,583 adults (2.7%) with soft tissue sarcoma admitted to the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) had tumors arising from the urinary tract and male genital tract (urological sarcoma). The most common site of origin of the tumor was paratesticular (14 patients), followed by the prostate/seminal vesicle (12), bladder (10) and kidney (7). The most common histological type was leiomyosarcoma (19 patients), followed by rhabdomyosarcoma (14), liposarcoma (5) and 5 other histological sarcoma categories (angiosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, mesenchymoma and 2 undifferentiated sarcomas). Most of the tumors were high grade (86%) and more than half (56%) were greater than 5 cm. in diameter. A total of 9 patients (21%) presented with metastatic disease, 8 of whom had rhabdomyosarcoma. Complete resection with negative microscopic margins was possible in 58% of the patients. Actuarial relapse-free survival for all patients at 3 and 5 years was 55% and 40%, respectively. There were no significant differences in survival based on patient age, sex or histological tumor type. Favorable prognostic variables by univariate analysis included tumor diameter less than 5 cm., low histological grade, paratesticular or bladder tumor site and complete surgical resection. Application of the MSKCC sarcoma staging system, which is based on grade, size, depth and presence or absence of metastasis, was useful to predict survival. In our experience patients with stage 3 (high grade, greater than 5 cm., 15 patients) or stage 4 (metastatic disease, 9 patients) had a combined 3-year relapse-free survival rate of only 26% and they should be considered candidates for adjuvant treatment protocols.
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PMID:Adult urological sarcoma. 155 80

A sarcoma arising from the inferior vena cava occupied the entire lumen of the inferior vena cava, right atrium, hepatic veins and common iliac veins. Its histological appearance was non-specific sarcoma, except for the presence of a few rhabdomyoblasts and some immature cartilaginous tissue. Immunohistochemically, some tumor cells were positive for myoglobin, desmin, HHF-35, and vimentin. Electron microscopy revealed that some tumor cells contained myofilaments and Z bands in the cytoplasm, which are characteristics of rhabdomyosarcoma. The tumor was diagnosed as rhabdomyosarcoma with focal cartilaginous differentiation (malignant mesenchymoma) of the inferior vena cava.
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PMID:Rhabdomyosarcoma with focal cartilaginous differentiation (malignant mesenchymoma) of the inferior vena cava. 163 40

Two fatal childhood cases of the rare pulmonary blastoma are reported. One was associated with a congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Both neoplasms extended to involve visceral pleura and were entirely composed of blastemal and mesenchymal elements without recognizable neoplastic epithelial components. The mesenchymal component in both instances consisted of malignant rhabdomyoblasts, undifferentiated mesenchyme, and differentiated, apparently benign, cartilage. Review of the literature suggests that these features may be specific for the childhood forms of pulmonary blastoma. It is further suggested that pulmonary blastoma, malignant mesenchymoma of the lung, and primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma may have a common pathogenetic origin.
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PMID:Childhood pulmonary blastoma: a pleuropulmonary variant of the adult-type pulmonary blastoma. 172 Aug 93


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