Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancer cells of nonhematologic origin are rarely seen on routinely prepared peripheral blood smears. This report describes two patients with disseminated carcinoma, in near terminal state, one with malignant melanoma and another with transitional cell carcinoma of the ureteropelvic junction who developed carcinocythemia (CCA). A review of the English literature revealed only eight other cases in which CCA was documented. Four patients had a small cell bronchogenic ("oat cell") carcinoma, two had disseminated breast carcinoma and one each had advanced adenocarcinoma of ileum and abdominal rhabdomyosarcoma. The circulating malignant cells usually accounted for less than 10% of the nucleated blood cells, but in one patient comprised up to 80% of the leukocyte count. The mean time between detection of CCA and death was 5 weeks (median, 2 weeks) reflecting the fact that CCA is generally a terminal event.
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PMID:Carcinocythemia (carcinoma cell leukemia). Report of two cases with English literature review. 636 36

Destruction of the extracellular matrix is often observed during tumor invasion, and proteolytic enzymes may participate actively in the degradation of matrix proteins. The present report elucidates the role of plasminogen in the degradation by tumor cells of an in vitro elaborated extracellular matrix. Matrices produced by rat smooth muscle cells in the presence of [3H]proline or [3H]fucose were used as substrates for human fibrosarcoma cells (HT-1080), mouse melanoma cells (B16F1), or human rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RD). All three cell lines degraded part of the glycoprotein compartment of the matrix. HT-1080 cells digested the matrices in a density-dependent manner, and while matrix glycoprotein degradation was plasminogen-dependent at the beginning of the experiment and at low cell densities, the zymogen was not essential for further glycoprotein digestion at high cell densities. Depletion of plasminogen from the growth medium resulted in a threefold reduction of matrix degradation by B16F1 cells showing a distinct plasminogen dependency at low cell numbers. RD cells digested only matrix glycoproteins, and this degradation was completely dependent on the presence of plasminogen at all cell densities. These results suggested that plasmin generated from plasminogen by a tumor cell-associated plasminogen activator may be most important for matrix hydrolysis at low cell densities, and while certain tumor cell lines showed a definite plasminogen-independent matrix degradation with increased cell numbers, other neoplastic cells hydrolyzed the matrix only in the presence of the zymogen at all cell densities.
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PMID:Role of plasminogen in matrix breakdown by neoplastic cells. 658 58

Forty-five years following surgical excision and radiation for a childhood rhabdomyosarcoma of the left orbit, a patient with primary lymphedema developed an ipsilateral malignant melanoma of the anterior orbital tissue. This was excised, but a metastasis of the melanoma occurred in the contralateral upper lid. This is the first case report of treated rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit followed by a second primary tumor occurring in the field of radiation.
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PMID:Rhabdomyosarcoma and late malignant melanoma of the orbit. 665 3

Myoglobin has been detected by the immunoperoxidase technique in the cytoplasm of nonmuscular cells present in malignant tumors infiltrating skeletal muscle. The positive cells were reactive histiocytes in one case, and malignant cells (breast carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and malignant lymphoma) in the others. These findings indicate the need to exercise caution in the interpretation of myoglobin stain for the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma under these circumstances.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of myoglobin in nonmuscular cells. 669 65

A review of the literature indicates that black children in the United States have a lower overall incidence of cancer and are less prone to leukemia and certain solid tumors, including neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, testicular tumors, liver tumors, and malignant melanoma, than are white children. Black children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and retinoblastoma, but not with neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma, have poorer survival rates than white children. Socioeconomic status appears to be an important reason for the discrepant outlook, but genetic differences may also play a role. Consideration of these issues will assist in planning appropriate treatment regimens.
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PMID:Cancer in black children. 698 10

We have studied the induction of a granulocyte-associated leukocytosis (leukemoid reaction) in C3HA, C57B1/6, and DBA/2 mice by a number of transplantable tumors of different origin. Leukemia L1210, Hepatoma 22, a transplantable mammary carcinoma of spontaneous C3HA origin, and a L929 culture fibroblasts-derived rhabdomyosarcoma, all induced a leukemoid reaction in their specific mouse strain. Melanoma B16 and Lewis lung carcinoma gave no reaction; Adenocarcinoma 755 and Harding-Passey melanoma evoked a leukocytosis but not due to an increase in neutrophils. Some extratumoral factors can influence the hematological response; the intensity of final leukemoid reaction was higher in female mice than in males bearing the same tumor. On the other hand, Ehrlich ascites tumor transplanted in all three inbred mouse strains rendered different levels of leukemoid reaction; response was higher in DBA/2, intermediate in C3HA and lower in C57B1/6.
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PMID:Leukemoid reaction induced by different transplantable tumors in three inbred mouse strains. 707 May 57

This is a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases of alveolar soft-part sarcoma of the orbit. The mean age of patients was 23 and the median was 18 (range, 11 months to 69 years); 13 patients (76.5 per cent) were women and four were men (ratio, 3.25:1). The right and left orbits were equally involved (eight patients each), and in one the laterality was not specified. Histologically, the tumors had a distinctive organoid pattern outlined by thin-walled capillaries and were composed of nests of large polyhedral cells with abundant, finely granular, acidophilic cytoplasm. Approximately two thirds of the tumors had diagnostic PAS-positive diastase-resistant crystalline structures. Histologically, the differential diagnosis included nonchromaffin paraganglioma, granular cell tumor, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, vascular tumor, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, and amelanotic malignant melanoma. Electron microscopic studies of one tumor disclosed mitochondria with abnormal cristae, increased amounts of glycogen, and cytoplasmic crystalline structures with a periodicity of 8 to 10 nm. Smaller membrane-bound electron-dense granules appeared to be precursors of the crystals. Follow-up studies showed that eight patients were alive and well (median follow-up period, 11.4 years). Six of the eight patients at the time of diagnosis were 20 years of age or younger. A ninth patient was alive and well 13 years after excision of the orbital mass and four years after bilateral thoracotomy with resection of nine pulmonary nodules. Two patients died as a result of metastatic disease, one 14 years and the other 21 years after initial orbital surgery. Two patients died of other causes, one of whom had pulmonary metastases at autopsy. The follow-up period on two recent cases was less than three years, and two patients were lost to follow-up. The disease pursued an indolent clinical course. Surgery offers the best chance to control the disease.
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PMID:Alveolar soft-part sarcoma of the orbit: a clinicopathologic analysis of seventeen cases and a review of the literature. 707 38

Sixty cases of primary malignant tumor of the nasal cavity treated in our hospital between 1962 and 1993 were reviewed. Males were affected 2.8 times more frequently than females. The age at the first consultation ranged from 11 to 92 years, with a mean of 55.1 years. The peak distribution was seen in the 6th decade. Twenty-six cases were epithelial malignancies (squamous cell carcinoma 15; adenocarcinoma 3; adenoid cystic carcinoma 3; undifferentiated carcinoma 3; mucoepidermoid carcinoma 1; malignant mixed tumor 1), while 34 cases were non-epithelial malignancies (malignant melanoma 14; malignant lymphoma 14; plasmacytoma 3; olfactory neuroblastoma 2; rhabdomyosarcoma 1). The most common symptom on presentation was nasal obstruction (66.7%), followed by epistaxis (55.0%). The first recurrence was local in 19 patients, whereas cervical lymph node metastasis occurred in three patients, bone metastasis in two, intraperitoneal metastasis in two, and brain metastasis in one. The overall five-year cumulative survival rate was 48.0%. The five-year survival rates for squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and malignant lymphoma were 57.0%, 31.0%, and 40.0%, respectively.
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PMID:Malignant tumors of the nasal cavity: review of a 60-case series. 747 6

The sinonasal region is known to harbor several types of tumors that belong to the general category of "small" round cell tumors and offer considerable diagnostic challenges. This study evaluated 33 cases of such tumors by electron microscopy to characterize their ultrastructural features in conjunction with immunohistochemistry, in an attempt to define diagnostic criteria of various types. Electron microscopy was useful in the proper classification of tumors in 27 cases: esthesioneuroblastoma (EN), 12; undifferentiated carcinoma, 6; melanoma, 3; lymphoma, 3; melanotic neuroectodermal tumor, 1; rhabdomyosarcoma, 1; and pituitary adenoma, 1. In the remaining six cases, the ultrastructural features were those of poorly differentiated carcinomas. They usually exhibited some epithelial characteristics as well as neuroendocrine features by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. These tumors could be best described as poorly differentiated neuro-endocrine carcinomas (malignant neuroepitheliomas). The most controversial diagnostic problems existed between the tumors categorized as esthesioneuroblastomas and neuroendocrine (NE) carcinomas. Esthesioneuroblastomas were characterized by uniform round nucleated cells with variable amounts of dendritic processes containing numerous dense core granules ranging from 150 to 350 nm in the perikarya and dendritic processes. Dendritic processes contained longitudinally arranged neural tubules and revealed an occasional synaptic junction. In three of the 12 cases of EN, cells with the appearance of sustentacular cells were recognized by electron microscopy. The NE carcinomas usually consisted of closely packed round cells with scanty cytoplasm that lacked any feature of neuroblastic cells. The tumor cells in this category often were epithelioid in appearance and exhibited a varying degree of cytokeratin positivity. Neuron-specific enolase was also positive in all cases, further suggesting their neuroepithelial nature. The greatest difference between EN and NE carcinomas was the absence of sustentacular cells in NE carcinomas. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies are essential in the differential diagnosis of EN and NE carcinomas, because their microscopic appearance is very similar. The study indicates that EM is useful in the diagnostic categorization of sinonasal tumors of uncertain nature, particularly when it is used in conjunction with immunohistochemistry.
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PMID:Usefulness of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of "small" round cell tumors of the sinonasal region. 748 11

Cells closely resembling epithelia constitute the first specific cell type in a mammalian embryo. Many other cell types emerge via epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation. The transcription factors and signal transduction pathways involved in this differentiation are being elucidated. I have previously reported (Frisch, 1991) that adenovirus E1a is a tumor suppressor gene in certain human cell lines. In the present report, I demonstrate that E1a expression caused diverse human tumor cells (rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, melanoma, osteosarcoma) and fibroblasts to assume at least two of the following epithelial characteristics: (a) epithelioid morphology; (b) epithelial-type intercellular adhesion proteins localized to newly formed junctional complexes; (c) keratin-containing intermediate filaments; and (d) down-regulation of non-epithelial genes. E1a thus appeared to partially convert diverse human tumor cells into an epithelial phenotype. This provides a new system for molecular analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal interconversions. This effect may also contribute to E1a's tumor suppression activity, possibly through sensitization to anoikis (Frisch, S.M., and H. Francis, 1994. J. Cell Biol. 124:619-626).
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PMID:E1a induces the expression of epithelial characteristics. 752 2


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