Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A survey of 63 patients with malignant tumour of the nasopharynx, treated over a 20-year period (1958-1977) is presented. The major types of tumour were squamous cell and anaplastic carcinoma (including lymphoepithelioma) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In some patients other tumours were found, such as cylindroma, rhabdomyosarcoma and extramedullary plasmocytoma. A particularly high incidence of men younger than 40 years was seen with carcinoma and an occupation in a particular branch of industry, indicated as 'metallurgic or allied' (light engineering factories, garages etc). 60Co irradiation was the primary therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was used in lymphoma or sarcoma. The survival was significantly better in the younger age group as far as carcinoma is concerned. The possible role of occupational factors is discussed in relation to findings in the literature.
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PMID:Nasopharyngeal cancer: a clinical study with special reference to age and occupation. 736 91

Computer-assisted tomography (CAT) is superior to other roentgenographic modalities in evaluation of paranasal sinus lesions whenever extension into the orbit is suspected. CAT not only demonstrates the orbital involvement, its location, and extent, but also the nature of the sinus lesion. Conclusions based on 43 cases of paranasal sinus lesions with orbital involvement are presented. The entities include sinusitis and orbital cellulitis, mucocele, polyposis, ossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, cylindroma, osteoblastoma, lymphoma, carcinoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma.
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PMID:Computer-assisted tomography: sinus lesions with orbital involvement. 736 84

Sixty cases of primary malignant tumor of the nasal cavity treated in our hospital between 1962 and 1993 were reviewed. Males were affected 2.8 times more frequently than females. The age at the first consultation ranged from 11 to 92 years, with a mean of 55.1 years. The peak distribution was seen in the 6th decade. Twenty-six cases were epithelial malignancies (squamous cell carcinoma 15; adenocarcinoma 3; adenoid cystic carcinoma 3; undifferentiated carcinoma 3; mucoepidermoid carcinoma 1; malignant mixed tumor 1), while 34 cases were non-epithelial malignancies (malignant melanoma 14; malignant lymphoma 14; plasmacytoma 3; olfactory neuroblastoma 2; rhabdomyosarcoma 1). The most common symptom on presentation was nasal obstruction (66.7%), followed by epistaxis (55.0%). The first recurrence was local in 19 patients, whereas cervical lymph node metastasis occurred in three patients, bone metastasis in two, intraperitoneal metastasis in two, and brain metastasis in one. The overall five-year cumulative survival rate was 48.0%. The five-year survival rates for squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and malignant lymphoma were 57.0%, 31.0%, and 40.0%, respectively.
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PMID:Malignant tumors of the nasal cavity: review of a 60-case series. 747 6

The sinonasal region is known to harbor several types of tumors that belong to the general category of "small" round cell tumors and offer considerable diagnostic challenges. This study evaluated 33 cases of such tumors by electron microscopy to characterize their ultrastructural features in conjunction with immunohistochemistry, in an attempt to define diagnostic criteria of various types. Electron microscopy was useful in the proper classification of tumors in 27 cases: esthesioneuroblastoma (EN), 12; undifferentiated carcinoma, 6; melanoma, 3; lymphoma, 3; melanotic neuroectodermal tumor, 1; rhabdomyosarcoma, 1; and pituitary adenoma, 1. In the remaining six cases, the ultrastructural features were those of poorly differentiated carcinomas. They usually exhibited some epithelial characteristics as well as neuroendocrine features by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. These tumors could be best described as poorly differentiated neuro-endocrine carcinomas (malignant neuroepitheliomas). The most controversial diagnostic problems existed between the tumors categorized as esthesioneuroblastomas and neuroendocrine (NE) carcinomas. Esthesioneuroblastomas were characterized by uniform round nucleated cells with variable amounts of dendritic processes containing numerous dense core granules ranging from 150 to 350 nm in the perikarya and dendritic processes. Dendritic processes contained longitudinally arranged neural tubules and revealed an occasional synaptic junction. In three of the 12 cases of EN, cells with the appearance of sustentacular cells were recognized by electron microscopy. The NE carcinomas usually consisted of closely packed round cells with scanty cytoplasm that lacked any feature of neuroblastic cells. The tumor cells in this category often were epithelioid in appearance and exhibited a varying degree of cytokeratin positivity. Neuron-specific enolase was also positive in all cases, further suggesting their neuroepithelial nature. The greatest difference between EN and NE carcinomas was the absence of sustentacular cells in NE carcinomas. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies are essential in the differential diagnosis of EN and NE carcinomas, because their microscopic appearance is very similar. The study indicates that EM is useful in the diagnostic categorization of sinonasal tumors of uncertain nature, particularly when it is used in conjunction with immunohistochemistry.
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PMID:Usefulness of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of "small" round cell tumors of the sinonasal region. 748 11

Only about 2% of the urinary tract are not of urothelial origin. Our knowledge of their morphology and biology is mainly based on single case reports, and therefore apart from a few exceptions very poor. Generally, the most often affected site is the urinary bladder (79.2%), followed by the urethra (12.7%), pelvis (4.9%) and ureter (3.2%). The urinary bladder also is the only organ in which all different histological types of these tumors were described. According to their histogenesis non-urothelial tumors (NUT) can be classified by the following main groups: soft tissue tumors, mixed epithelial and non epithelial tumors (carcinosarcomas), neuroendocrine carcinomas, carcinoids, malignant lymphomas, malignant melanomas and extragonadal germ cell tumors. Moreover some very interesting tumor-like lesions, like malakoplakia and inflammatory pseudosarcoma, mainly occur in this region. About 75% of all NUT of the urinary tract belong to the soft tissue tumors. Rhabdomyosarcomas in children and leiomyomas and -myosarcomas in adults are the more frequent histological types. Leiomyosarcomas can easily be confused with other tumor types or even with inflammatory pseudotumors. The use of immunohistochemistry to achieve a correct diagnosis is mandatory but not always successful. A relatively frequent tumor occurring in the bladder of young adults is the paraganglioma (pheochromocytoma), which usually produces typical symptoms of catecholamine excess. Carcinosarcomas of the urinary bladder contain both epithelial and mesenchymal components. They have to be distinguished from collision tumors (coexistent but separate carcinoma and sarcoma), spindle cell transitional carcinomas as well as from carcinomas with osseous or cartilaginous metaplasia. Carcinoids and neuroendocrine carcinomas developed from the neuroendocrine cells scattered all over the transitional epithelium of the bladder. Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the bladder are also called "oat cell carcinomas" since they show the same histological features and immunoreactivity as the oat cell carcinomas of the lung. They share also the same poor prognosis. The affection of the urinary tract in generalized malignant lymphomas and leukemias occur in more than 30% of cases. Lymphomas, primarily localised in the urinary bladder are, however, extremely rare. The most frequent ones are low grade non Hodgkin lymphomas, although 3 cases of Hodgkin disease and a few cases of primary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the bladder have been reported, too.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Non-urothelial tumors of the urinary tract]. 751 Dec 78

Gradient analysis and pattern spectrum decomposition based on mathematical morphology concepts were used to explore nuclear texture patterns in a pool of 108 cells obtained by fine needle aspiration of five undifferentiated small round cell tumors of childhood, including one case each of Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, Ewing's sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. The aim of the study was to determine the presumptive value of nuclear pattern to correctly allocate each isolated cell to each of the five patients. The cells were examples of five histogenetically different tumors, all undifferentiated and with a close microscopic resemblance to one another. High gradient structures (heterochromatin-euchromatin and nuclear membrane edges) were estimated by a difference-of-boxes filter, and pattern spectrum decomposition was obtained by successive openings and closings performed on the input gray tone image. One important feature of these procedures was that no prior selection by thresholding of the structures to be studied was required, thus obviating subjective bias. Percentages of correctly allocated cells by canonical analysis ranged from 70.0% (rhabdomyosarcoma) to 92.9% (Ewing's sarcoma). Although the five cases could be distinguished using seven texture variables, this does not imply generalization of the results for the differential diagnosis of these tumors. Nonetheless, the possibility that undifferentiated small round cells present distinctive nuclear patterns when studied by sensitive image analysis techniques is suggested by our results.
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PMID:Nuclear texture in poorly differentiated small round cell tumors. Image analysis study of fine needle aspiration material. 754 53

The paper presents the history of Ewing's sarcoma studies; the results of light- and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry of its variants; criteria of prognosis and differential diagnosis with osteosarcoma, undifferentiated bone sarcoma, malignant ectomesenchymoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma metastases.
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PMID:[Biopathology of Ewing's sarcoma]. 760 16

The concept of primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) has been evolving for many years, as has its nomenclature. It was first described as a tumour arising in peripheral nerve, when it was called neuroepithelioma. These tumours are part of the differential diagnosis of malignant small round cell tumours, which include Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma and lymphoma, and which appear as sheets of monotonous small round cells on light microscopy, staining dark blue with haematoxylin and eosin. In the 1970's, reports of tumours displaying neural features introduced new terms such as primitive neuroectodermal tumour and peripheral neuroectodermal tumour. A relationship to the undifferentiated primitive neuroectodermal tumours of the central nervous system in children was assumed by the title of these tumours, although it was recognised that they were not necessarily related to peripheral nerves.
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PMID:Primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the chest wall. 761 56

The principles of cancer chemotherapy applied to adult patients today have been substantially derived from experience of cancer in children. Studies of pediatric solid tumors also provided the first evidence that chemotherapy combined with surgery and/or radiotherapy could markedly enhance the curative potential of these local modalities. Conceptual advances in cancer chemotherapy revealed the superiority of intermittent chemotherapy over continuous low-dose therapy with respect to tumor cell kill and the recovery of normal cells. Childrens' Cancer and Leukemia Study Group of Japan applied intensive intermittent chemotherapy for maintenance therapy for leukemia, malignant lymphoma and to adjuvant chemotherapy for solid tumors. Event-free survival rate in treatment of childhood cancer by the Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, has markedly improved: ALL, 70%; malignant lymphoma, 50%; ANLL, 33%; hepato-blastoma, 100%; osteosarcoma, 65%; neuroblastoma, 54%; and rhabdomyosarcoma, 51%. The 14% rate for brain tumors was the only exception. Current Phase I and II trials based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children were reviewed.
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PMID:[Current status in treatment of childhood cancer]. 766 60

Seventy eight patients with testicular tumor were treated in our hospital between 1982 and 1992. Of 78 patients, 74 had germinal cell tumor (seminoma in 47 patients and non-seminoma in 27), and the other 4 had 3 malignant lymphoma and 1 rhabdomyosarcoma. Ages ranged from 1 to 67 years with the average of 36.1. The age of the patients with seminoma was significantly higher than that of patients with non-seminoma. Most patients complained of painless swelling of the scrotal content, but some patients complained of testicular pain, fever, and so on. Those who complained of such symptoms had significantly worse prognosis than those who had only painless scrotal swelling. Patients with non-seminoma visited us about 4.9 months after the onset of their symptoms and 12.1 months in seminoma. Clinical stages were more progressive in non-seminoma than in seminoma. Inguinal orchiectomy was performed followed by irradiation, chemotherapy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection or thoracotomy. Recurrence developed in 6 patients and the other 7 patients died of progressive disease within 2 years from the first attendance. The 2-year survival rate calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 81 and 70% in seminoma and non-seminoma, respectively, and 100, 88, 63, 75, and 22% in stage I, IIA, IIB, IIIO and IIIA, B, C, respectively.
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PMID:[Clinical study on 78 cases of testicular tumor]. 774 Oct 72


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