Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Esthesioneuroblastoma (EN), a malignant neuroblastic tumor arising in the superior portion of the nasal cavity, shares histologic similarities with a number of primary malignant tumors that arise in this region, including rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphoepithelioma, and lymphoma. To establish an antigenic profile of EN as an aid in the differential diagnosis of these histologically similar nasal tumors, immunostaining was performed for the following intermediate filaments: keratin, neurofilament, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and desmin; neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S-100 protein, chromogranin, human common leukocyte antigen (HLE), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), myoglobin, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on 21 primary nasal tumors: eight EN, five lymphoepitheliomas, two small cell carcinomas, three lymphomas, and three rhabdomyosarcomas. Keratin and CEA stained only the carcinomas (6/7+, 4/7+), respectively; desmin and myoglobin only rhabdomyosarcoma (3/3+, 1/3+); and HLE only lymphomas (3/3+). Chromogranin and neurofilament staining occurred exclusively in one case each of EN. S-100 and NSE commonly stained EN (5/8+, 6/8+), but carcinomas (1/7+, 2/7+) and rhabdomyosarcomas (1/3+, 3/3+) were also positive. Despite the apparent nonspecificity of NSE and S-100, an antigenic profile of positive NSE of S-100 staining with negative epithelial, muscle, and lymphoid antigens uniquely identified six of eight EN. Chromogranin and neurofilament positivity was further evidence for EN in two cases. This antigenic profile is a helpful adjunct in the diagnosis of EN and other primary malignant nasal tumors.
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PMID:Esthesioneuroblastoma. Intermediate filaments, neuroendocrine, and tissue-specific antigens. 303 34

Three cases (rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphoma, and metastatic malignant melanoma) of unexpected increased uptake of methylenediphosphonate labelled by technetium 99m sodium pertechnetate (99mTc-MDP) are described. The possible mechanisms of the extraosseous tumoral accumulation of 99mTc-MDP in these malignancies are discussed. The usefulness of this method for the diagnosis, localization, and follow-up of some extraosseous tumors is evaluated.
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PMID:Unusual extraosseous tumoral accumulation of 99mTc-MDP. 315 75

The configurations of immunoglobulin genes and T-cell receptor beta chain genes were analyzed by Southern blotting in DNA derived from nonlymphoid malignant tumors and lymphomas. Gene rearrangements were not detected in any of the 35 cases of nonlymphoid malignant tumors. On the contrary, they were shown in all 14 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 2 of 3 cases of Hodgkin's disease and 2 cases diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. The differentiation by light microscopy between lymphoma and nonlymphoid malignant tumors was a diagnostic problem in five cases; the molecular genetic analysis of DNA was contributory in all five diagnostically difficult aspirates. By gene rearrangement studies, the diagnosis of lymphoma was confirmed in two cases and nonlymphoid malignant tumors were accurately indicated in aspirates diagnosed finally as rhabdomyosarcoma (one case) and carcinoma (two cases).
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PMID:Molecular genetic analysis in the diagnosis of lymphoma in fine needle aspiration biopsies. II. Lymphomas versus nonlymphoid malignant tumors. 321 73

Ultrastructures of 25 tumors were analyzed by electron microscopy (EM). Of the 25 cases, there were 9 amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation tumors (APUD) (2 carotid body tumor, 2 medullary carcinoma of thyroid and 5 carcinoid) in which the dense core granules of different sizes were seen in the cytoplasm. 4 cases of malignant melanoma were identified by EM basing on the premelanosome and melanosome in the cells. In 4 carcinomas from different locations, 2 had mucous secretory granules in the cytoplasm and junction complex between the tumor cells. The diagnosis was finally confirmed as adenocarcinoma. The other 2 cases were identified as epidermoid carcinoma or anaplastic carcinoma as desmosome and tonofilaments were found. 4 cases of malignant lymphoma without any cell junction complex were identified. Moreover, there were several cases of mesenchymal cell tumors, such as leiomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, chordoma and Schwannoma confirmed by their special organelles. This study shows that the ultrastructural analysis is valuable in the differential diagnosis and classification of tumors.
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PMID:[Ultrastructural analysis in differential diagnosis of tumors]. 324 84

One hundred forty-seven (147) children under 18 years have been treated for head and neck malignancies at Texas Children's Hospital from 1970 to 1985 and form the data base for this study. In order of frequency, the most common tumors were lymphoma, Langerhans' histiocytosis (LH), rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and other soft-tissue sarcoma. Children under 2 were most likely to have LH; those from 3 to 5, LH or lymphoma; and those over 5, lymphoma.
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PMID:Head and neck malignancies in children: an age-incidence study. 325 85

Neuroblastoma, along with rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, is one of the small, round-cell tumors of childhood. All of these malignancies show a propensity to metastasize to bone marrow. Occasionally when the clinical picture is unclear and the tumor is particularly anaplastic, it can be difficult to arrive at a diagnosis by conventional histological and biochemical procedures. In the present study, a panel of nine monoclonal antibodies was used to undertake a detailed analysis of seven bone marrows contaminated with tumor cells: six cases of stage IV neuroblastoma, and one case of stage IV-S neuroblastoma. The antibody profiles obtained were compared with those deduced from the studies of over 20 marrows from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A comparison of these data with those obtained from the studies of rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma cell lines and tissues suggests that when high levels of tumor cells are present in the marrow, it is possible to obtain a confident diagnosis of either neuroblastoma or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In addition, the immunocytological identification of neuroblasts in bone marrow enables accurate staging without histological examination.
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PMID:Diagnosis of neuroblastoma metastasis in bone marrow with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. 328 54

A consecutive series of 100 patients operated on for lesions that were assumed to be soft tissue tumors, all of whom had been the subject of fine-needle aspiration in the preoperative investigation, is described. A correlative study of smears and the light- and electron-microscopic findings of embedded fine-needle aspirates and the histopathology of the surgical specimens was performed. Eighty of the lesions were found to be genuine soft tissue tumors, of which 51 were sarcomas. The other 20 cases were either metastatic carcinoma, malignant melanoma, or malignant lymphoma. The embedding technique produced additional light-microscopic information about tissue structure and growth pattern, and electron-microscopic information about tissue and cell differentiation of importance to the diagnosis. In the case of certain types of soft tissue tumor, such as lipoma, neurilemmoma, liposarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and for well-differentiated metastatic carcinoma and pigmented malignant melanoma, the diagnosis may be strongly suggested by the appearance of the smears; the embedding technique serves to further support the diagnosis. In the case of small round-cell malignancies, the ultrastructural examination proved to be of special value, ie, in the distinction of rhabdomyosarcoma, poorly differentiated metastatic small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma, and occasional cases of malignant lymphoma. Spindle cell sarcomas, such as leiomyosarcoma when well differentiated, biphasic synovial sarcoma when it includes glandular structures, and malignant hemangiopericytoma, could be recognized ultrastructurally, although electron-microscopy generally failed to reach a definite diagnosis as to the subtype in most cases of poorly differentiated spindle-cell sarcoma.
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PMID:Ultrastructural studies in the preoperative cytologic diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. 330 37

A patient undergoing treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease developed graft versus host disease (GVHD) following a transfusion of packed red cells. This is the 28th reported patient with a malignancy who did not have a bone marrow transplant and developed GVHD after transfusion of normal blood or blood products. All patients had received cytotoxic chemotherapy prior to acquiring GVHD. The underlying malignancies included lymphoma, acute leukemia, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and glioblastoma. Twenty-three of the 28 patients died of GVHD. The incidence of transfusion-related GVHD in this patient population is low but the illness is often fatal as treatment is largely ineffective. Transfusion-related GVHD can be prevented by irradiating all blood products with 1500 rad prior to administration.
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PMID:Graft versus host disease following transfusion of normal blood products to patients with malignancies. 331 50

The derivation of an IgG1k monoclonal antibody (HSAN 1.2) recognizing a cell membrane determinant on human neuroblastoma cells is reported. The determinant was found on all 17 cultured human neuroblastoma cells that were tested, but the density of the antigen varied widely on different cell lines. The antibody also bound to fresh and cultured Wilm's tumor cells, retinoblastoma cells, and one of two Ewing's sarcoma cell lines tested, it did not bind to mouse neuroblastoma cells, normal fibroblasts, blood, or bone marrow. Tumor cells that did not stain with HSAN 1.2 included glioma, medulloblastoma, melanoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, mesenchymoma, leukemia, and lymphoma cells. The distribution of the HSAN 1.2 antigen in normal tissues was confined to brain and newborn kidney. As few as 0.1% tumor cells in bone marrow aspirates were detectable by fluorescein-conjugated HSAN 1.2 antibody and flow cytometry. This antibody should be useful for the discrimination of neuroblastoma from other pediatric malignancies, for the detection of tumor cells in metastatic sites such as bone marrow, and for selective removal of neuroblastoma cells from marrow harvested for autologous transplantation.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody recognizing a human neuroblastoma-associated antigen. 332 7

A rare case of congenital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma revealing multiple skin metastases in a female neonate is reported. At birth, a ping-pong ball-sized tumor on the neck and a tumor the size of a little finger end on the chin were noticed. Then, multiple skin tumors over the whole body occurred soon after birth. A biopsied small skin tumor was at first interpreted as being compatible with metastatic congenital neuroblastoma. However, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings revealed positive immunoreactivity for myoglobin in a few tumor cells and the presence of a few rhabdomyoblasts among poorly differentiated tumor cells, resulting in a final diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Therefore, it should be emphasized that in cases of round cell tumor, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies are imperative in order to identify the tumor and differentiate it from other forms, including rhabdomyoblastoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma, and small cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Congenital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with multiple skin metastases. Report of a case. 338 51


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