Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the evidence for iron compounds as local carcinogens in man, histological material and clinical reports have been reviewed in seven of the eight published cases of tumours developing at the site of intramuscular injections. The microscopical appearances suggested benign lesions in two cases and a variety of tumours in the other five. In only two cases (a rhabdomyosarcoma and a fibrosarcoma) was the interval between injections and tumour development longer than six years. Of the remaining three tumours, one was considered to be a rather slowly growing haemangiopericytoma (with an interval of two years), one appeared to be a subcutaneous lymphoma with no evidence of having arisen in the gluteal muscles, and one was a pleomorphic sarcoma with a possible five-year interval. Sarcomas induced experimentally by iron compounds differ in being less variable in type and in containing abundant iron-containing macrophages, which were negligible in these human tumours.Although the total number of patients who have received intramuscular injections of iron compounds is not known, the present findings, in contrast to experimental work, do not support the view that such treatment carries a strong risk of tumour development.
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PMID:Intramuscular injections of iron compounds and oncogenesis in man. 63 Feb 94

The differential diagnosis is difficult in cases of metastatic neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, lymphoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, the common so-called small round cell tumors of childhood. The distinction between Ewing's sarcoma and neuroblastoma in bone with no soft tissue mass in the adolescent is especially difficult. Ewing's tumor is usually characterized by its content of glycogen, neuroblastoma by its absence. A case of glycogen-containing neuroblastoma initially misdiagnosed as Ewing's tumor is presented. Diagnostic implications, including the role of electron microscopy in diagnosis, are discussed. Glycogen alone is unreliable as a diagnostic aid due to 1) its presence in several tumors other than Ewing's including neuroblastoma, and 2) its absence in some cases of Ewing's sarcoma.
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PMID:Glycogen-containing neuroblastoma with clinical and histopathologic features of Ewing's sarcoma. 63 2

This is a case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with a rare clinical evolution. A first metastasis causes paraplegia; a second causes obstructive jaundice; a third subcutaneous metastasis is resected; the primitive tumor is discovered accidentally in the right calf, 8 weeks after the beginning of the disease. The literature is reviewed. Diagnosis of the alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is often difficult because of confusion with a lymphoma, another type of sarcoma, a melanoma or even an epithelial tumor. The surgeon who removes a superficial node, obviously malignant, in a young subject, should think of this type of tumor. A multidisciplinary treatment associating radical resection, radio- and chemotherapy improves the very poor prognosis of this sarcoma.
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PMID:[A propos a case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (author's transl)]. 98 37

Ninety-eight children with solid tumors resistant to conventional chemotherapy received adriamycin 90 mg/m2, either as a single intravenous injection or in 6 divided doses administered every 6 hours. Of the 88 evaluable children, 6 (7%) achieved a complete response and 26 (29%) achieved a partial response. Tumors which demonstrated significant response rates were: neuroblastoma (9/18), Wilms' tumor (7/13), rhabdomyosarcoma (4/11), and lymphoma (4/8). The toxicities observed with this regimen included: alopecia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, febrile episodes, and ST-segment changes.
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PMID:Adriamycin in the treatment of childhood solid tumors. A Southwest Oncology Group study. 119 48

Paranuclear blue inclusions (PBIs) are frequently identified within metastatic undifferentiated small cell carcinoma (SCC) cells on air-dried bone marrow aspirates stained with Wright's stain. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of this finding, 116 bone marrow aspirates containing metastatic neoplasms were evaluated for the presence and frequency of PBIs. Bone marrow specimens included 47 cases of metastatic SCC of the lung, 13 cases of large cell lymphoma, 19 cases of neuroblastoma, five cases of small, noncleaved cell lymphoma, seven cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, three cases of Ewing's sarcoma, three cases of other sarcomas, and 19 cases of non-small cell carcinoma (adenocarcinoma). PBIs were identified in 40 of 47 (85%) cases of SCC and their frequency varied from 0 to 24% of tumor cells among different cases. In approximately half the cases of SCC, PBIs were identified in 1 to 4% tumor cells; and in eight cases, PBIs were present in 5% or more of tumor cells. PBIs were also identified in two of seven (29%) cases of rhabdomyosarcoma and one case of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, but they were not seen in Ewing's sarcoma, small non-cleaved cell lymphoma, large cell lymphoma, neuroblastoma, or non-small cell carcinoma. In addition, PBIs were not seen in alcohol-fixed, Papanicolaou-stained cytology specimens containing SCC. Ultrastructurally, PBIs may represent phagocytized nuclear/cellular material. PBIs are a feature of small cell carcinoma on air-dried, cytologic material stained with Romanowsky type stains. Their presence may provide diagnostic information with regard to the differential diagnosis of metastatic SCC in the bone marrow. Future studies evaluating non-bone marrow Wright's stained fine-needle aspiration specimens are needed to determine if PBIs are useful in distinguishing SCC from other poorly differentiated tumors in the cytology laboratory.
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PMID:Paranuclear blue inclusions in metastatic undifferentiated small cell carcinoma in the bone marrow. 128 55

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a small round cell malignancy arising in soft tissue and bone, predominantly in older children and adolescents. We report the cytomorphologic features and findings of ancillary studies of eight fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies from three patients (7-year-old male, 12-year-old female, 9-year-old female). Two of the biopsies suggested the initial diagnosis of PNET of the chest wall, while the remaining six documented recurrent or metastatic disease. In one of these cases the primary diagnosis made by FNA biopsy enabled the pediatric oncologists to give specific therapy for the unresectable tumor and achieve remission. Local recurrences included the chest wall (two cases), pleura (one case) and pericardium (one case), while metastatic disease involved the supraclavicular lymph node and breast. All the cases consisted of small malignant cells with a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and hyperchromatic nuclei without prominent nucleoli. Homer Wright rosettes were seen in only two of the aspirates, and neuropil and ganglion cells were not present. Ancillary studies, including electron microscopy (two cases), immunocytochemistry (four aspirates from two cases) and cytogenetics (11/22 translocation, one case) performed on the aspirated material were aids in making a specific diagnosis and excluded other small round cell tumors of childhood, such as malignant lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. The differential diagnosis between PNET and neuroblastoma can be difficult on the basis of an FNA biopsy alone, although light microscopic morphologic differences exist. Clinical features (e.g., age, primary site, metastatic patterns), catecholamine levels, electron microscopy and cytogenetics are necessary in establishing the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration cytology of primitive neuroectodermal tumors. A report of these cases. 132 99

4 cases of malignant tumors of the head and neck diagnosed in our department in 1983-1987 are presented. They are: rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the nose and the ethmoid sinuses, RMS of the nasal vestibulum, nasopharyngeal lymphoma malignum. Diagnostic difficulties were met by the histopathological evaluation of the tumors specimens, but the applied treatment was effective. There are no signs of recurrence during the observation period of 4-8 years.
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PMID:[Malignant tumors of the head and neck in children. Part II]. 133 36

P-Glycoprotein (P-gp), the product of the mdr-1 gene, is implicated in the development of chemoresistance in a variety of, mostly adult, cancers. Its role in paediatric tumours, most of which are non-epithelial in origin, has yet to be fully elucidated. A study was undertaken to investigate reactivity of two P-gp monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), JBS-1 and MRK16, recognising cytoplasmic and surface epitopes, respectively, of the P-gp molecule, in a variety of newly diagnosed and relapsed childhood cancers. P-gp was not expressed in any of 36 tumours examined (neuroblastoma 13, nephroblastoma 12, rhabdomyosarcoma 6, lymphoma 3, teratoma 1, Ewings 1), 14 of whom had chemoresistant disease. Reactivity to both MAbs was also investigated in patients with acute leukaemia. Out of 10 diagnostic acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) samples, a positive reaction with JSB-1 was observed in 1 patient who failed to remit on standard induction therapy and in 3 of 6 patients in ALL relapse, only 1 of whom showed low grade positivity with MRK16. Both MAbs reacted positively in 1 patient with acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) at diagnosis who achieved remission with teniposide and cytosine arabinoside, but relapsed 7 months later and was again positive with both Mabs. JSB-1 also showed varying degrees of positivity in 4 out of 4 other patients in ANLL relapse. It would therefore appear that P-gp is unlikely to mediate chemoresistance in most solid tumours of childhood, but may well play a major role in the development of chemoresistance in acute leukaemia.
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PMID:Reactivity of P-glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies in childhood cancers. 135 71

A panel of 60 human tumor cell lines is currently being used in the U.S. National Cancer Institute's in vitro anticancer drug screen. The panel is organized into 7 subpanels; 6 leukemia/lymphoma lines comprise one subpanel, and 54 other lines are organized into subpanels representing solid tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), colon, lung, ovaries, kidneys and melanomas. In the present study, the leukemia and lymphoma cell lines were analyzed by flow cytometry for appropriate CD antigens; all but 1 line showed patterns of expression consistent with their reported derivations. The solid tumor lines were characterized individually using morphological and immunocytochemical techniques to determine their relative degrees of representativity for the subpanels within which they are currently grouped. Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural examinations were performed on cell lines grown under identical conventional culture conditions and as xenografts in nude mice. Immunocytochemistry using panels of antibodies raised against 6 types of intermediate filaments, 7 adenocarcinoma-associated antigens, 7 melanoma/neuro-ectodermal-associated antigens, 3 neuroendocrine-associated antigens, 9 urinary tract associated antigens, and 4 markers of muscle differentiation was done on cells grown in monolayer culture. Central nervous system (CNS) cell lines lacked expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, but all had other features consistent with derivation from glioblastoma. Lines derived from adenocarcinomas of the colon, lung and ovary, for the most part, expressed adenocarcinoma-associated antigens and showed histological and/or ultrastructural evidence of gland formation and other adenomatous features. Most of these lines were poorly differentiated. Lines derived from large-cell and squamous-cell cancers also showed some characteristics consistent with their reported origins, except for one line which showed immunocytochemical and morphologic characteristics consistent with rhabdomyosarcoma. The 2 lines derived from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) lacked neurosecretory granules and 3 other SCLC markers but showed morphologic features consistent with SCLC. Most melanoma cell lines strongly expressed melanoma-associated antigens and were morphologically similar to human melanoma. Five lines produced premelanosomes, melanosomes or melanin. Most of the renal cancer cell lines showed morphologic or immunocytochemical features consistent with renal clear cell carcinoma. Collectively, these morphological and immunocytochemical analyses provide information concerning tissue of origin, tumor type, degree of differentiation and other biologic features essential to the use of these lines in a disease-oriented in vitro antitumor drug screen and to the interpretation of data derived therefrom.
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PMID:Morphological and immunocytochemical characteristics of human tumor cell lines for use in a disease-oriented anticancer drug screen. 150 99

Ewing's sarcoma is the second most common bone tumor in childhood, with an overall 5-yr survival of 40%. It is one of the poorly differentiated small spherical cell tumors frequently requiring distinction from rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and lymphoma. The majority of rhabdomyosarcomas, neuroblastomas, and osteosarcomas are aneuploid, whereas Ewing's sarcomas are usually diploid. To determine whether there is any correlation between DNA content, morphology, site, and survival in Ewing's sarcoma and extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma, 21 tumor samples were studied retrospectively (3 extraosseous Ewing's and 18 Ewing's sarcomas). The DNA analysis was performed on disaggregated paraffin-embedded tissue nuclei by flow (FCM) and image (IC) cytometry and correlated with the histology and clinical history. The DNA ploidy by FCM on 17 of 18 Ewing's sarcoma samples was 12 diploid, 1 aneuploid, and 4 tetraploid. By IC, the DNA ploidy on 16 samples was 13 diploid, 1 aneuploid, and 2 tetraploid. Three samples were nonevaluable (1 by FCM and 2 by IC). The agreement between FCM and IC was 12 of 16 (75%). The extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma tumors were 2 diploid and 1 aneuploid by IC. In this study there was no correlation between the DNA ploidy and either the histology, site, or survival.
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PMID:Flow and image cytometric DNA analysis in Ewing's sarcoma. 154 36


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