Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Masses in the mesenteries and omentum are often difficult to diagnose by conventional radiographic techniques. Gray scale sonography was a valuable adjunct to radiographic vector analysis in four children with such masses. Masses that are clearly separable from the liver and spleen and do not distort identifiable extraperitoneal structures are probably intraperitoneal. In children most cystic intraperitoneal masses are related to the mesenteries, omentum, ovary, or bile ducts. An anterior fluid collection with internal septa (which might be mistaken for loculated ascites) is the typical sonographic appearance of an omental cyst. Echogenic masses are more difficult to evaluate: careful study of the acoustical features yielded important information in cases of omental lipoma and rhabdomyosarcoma metastatic to the mesenteries and omentum.
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PMID:Sonographic evaluation of mesenteric and omental masses in children. 41 77

A series of 1,682 cases in the service of the Department of Pathology, Ramathibodi Hospital from 1977 to 1986 was studied and classified according to WHO histologic typing of soft tissue tumors. The findings revealed that the three most common benign soft tissue tumors were lipoma (50.6%), vascular tumors (17.4%) and neurofibroma (7.3%), whereas, the three most common malignant soft tissue tumors were unclassified sarcoma (16.5%), rhabdomyosarcoma (15.5%) and neurofibrosarcoma (10.7%). Lipoma occurred at any age group with a mean age of 40 years and affected males and females equally and common sites of involvement were neck (19.7%), back (19.7%) and upper arm (18.4%). Unclassified sarcoma was the most common among the malignant group accounting for 16.5 per cent of the total malignant soft tissue tumors. The age ranged from 7 to 70 years with a mean age of 27.4 years. The most common sites of involvement were the extremities (50%) especially the thigh.
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PMID:Soft tissue tumors in Ramathibodi Hospital: study of 1,682 cases during 1977-1986. 140 58

Chromosome abnormalities found in pediatric solid tumors include deletions, translocations, homogeneously staining regions (hsr)/double minutes (dms), and ploidy abnormalities. The discovery of a 13q14 deletion found in lymphocytes of patients with retinoblastoma and developmental delay has led to the cloning of the retinoblastoma gene. Likewise the discovery of an 11p13 deletion in lymphocytes of patients with Wilms' tumor and aniridia has led to the cloning of the Wilms' tumor gene. Chromosome deletions found in tumor cells are considered to play a role on the homologous deletion of cancer suppressor genes. Recently, various translocations have been found mostly in soft tissue sarcomas; i.e. t(11;22) in Ewing's sarcoma, t(2;13) in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, t(3;8) in pleomorphic adenoma, t(3;12) in lipoma, t(12;16) in liposarcoma, t(12;14) in leiomyosarcoma, and t(X;18) in synovial sarcoma. These translocations provide important information on the difficult diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas, and on the selection of chemotherapy protocol. Tumor cells in advanced stage neuroblastomas often show hsr/dms, in which N-myc amplification occurs. While near triploidy was regularly found in early-stage neuroblastomas, near-diploidy or near-tetraploidy was usually found in advanced stage tumors. Among various prognostic factors, N-myc copy numbers and tumor cell ploidies had the largest influence on the prognosis of neuroblastoma patients. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses on tumor cells are becoming increasingly important for the diagnosis of pediatric solid tumors, and the prediction of the patients' prognosis.
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PMID:[Cytogenetics in pediatric solid tumors]. 217 98

Uterine leiomyoma--a benign smooth muscle tumor--has recently been found to contain tumor-specific chromosome aberrations. Although only normal karyotypes were detected in 50 to 80% of cytogenetically investigated tumors, 104 leiomyomas with karyotypic aberrations have already been reported. At least four cytogenetically abnormal subgroups have been identified thus far, characterized by rearrangements of 6p, del(7)(q21.2q31.2), +12, and t(12;14)(q14-15;q23-24). The remaining abnormal tumors have had various nonrecurrent anomalies. Secondary karyotypic rearrangements, sometimes including ring chromosomes, have been found in one-third and reflect clonal evolution. Occasional leiomyomas have contained multiple numerical and structural rearrangements. Though benign, these cytogenetically grossly aberrant tumors often displayed more atypical histological features than are usually seen in leiomyoma. Multiple leiomyomas have been investigated from 69 patients, with detection of chromosome anomalies in at least two separate tumors from the same uterus in ten cases. In half of these patients unrelated aberrations were found in different leiomyomas from the same uterus. On other occasions the aberrations were identical, indicating that although some uterine leiomyomas originate independently, others may develop by intra-myometrial spreading from a common neoplastic clone. Some common features are discernible between the karyotypic pictures of uterine leiomyoma and angioleiomyoma; rearrangements of 6p, 13q, and 21q have been described in both tumor types. The cytogenetic similarities so far detected between leiomyoma and the malignant muscle tumors--leiomyosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma--are few and may be fortuitous. The cytogenetic profiles of leiomyoma and lipoma are strikingly similar; both tumor types have nonrandom rearrangements of 12q13-15, t(12;14) in leiomyoma and t(3;12) in lipoma, as well as variant rearrangements of the same 12q segment. Both also have cytogenetic subgroups characterized by changes in 6p and ring chromosomes. Finally, karyotypic similarities exists also between leiomyoma and pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland, which includes a subset of tumors with anomalies of 12q13-15, and with myxoid liposarcoma, which has t(12;16)(q13;p11) as a tumor-specific rearrangement.
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PMID:Uterine leiomyoma cytogenetics. 227 65

16 spontaneous tumors of the peripheral nerves and 18 spontaneous tumors of mesenchymal origin in BDVI rats were studied by peroxidase-antiperoxidase method using anti-serum (DAKOPATT) against protein S-100. The majority of spontaneous peripheral nerve tumors were of cystic histological structure identical to that of cystic neurinomas induced in rats by ethylnitrosourea and almost all of these tumors were S-100 protein positive. The incidence of spontaneous neurinomas in BDVI rats was in some experiments as high as 5%. All tumors of mesenchymal origin (except one lipoma) were S-100 protein negative: 2 fibromas, 6 fibrosarcomas, 3 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, one rhabdomyosarcoma and one hemangioendothelioma. S-100 protein is found, as in human pathology, useful for distinguishing tumors of schwann cell and mesenchymal origin in rats.
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PMID:[Protein S-100 in spontaneous soft tissue and peripheral nerve neoplasms in rats]. 255 59

A consecutive series of 100 patients operated on for lesions that were assumed to be soft tissue tumors, all of whom had been the subject of fine-needle aspiration in the preoperative investigation, is described. A correlative study of smears and the light- and electron-microscopic findings of embedded fine-needle aspirates and the histopathology of the surgical specimens was performed. Eighty of the lesions were found to be genuine soft tissue tumors, of which 51 were sarcomas. The other 20 cases were either metastatic carcinoma, malignant melanoma, or malignant lymphoma. The embedding technique produced additional light-microscopic information about tissue structure and growth pattern, and electron-microscopic information about tissue and cell differentiation of importance to the diagnosis. In the case of certain types of soft tissue tumor, such as lipoma, neurilemmoma, liposarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and for well-differentiated metastatic carcinoma and pigmented malignant melanoma, the diagnosis may be strongly suggested by the appearance of the smears; the embedding technique serves to further support the diagnosis. In the case of small round-cell malignancies, the ultrastructural examination proved to be of special value, ie, in the distinction of rhabdomyosarcoma, poorly differentiated metastatic small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma, and occasional cases of malignant lymphoma. Spindle cell sarcomas, such as leiomyosarcoma when well differentiated, biphasic synovial sarcoma when it includes glandular structures, and malignant hemangiopericytoma, could be recognized ultrastructurally, although electron-microscopy generally failed to reach a definite diagnosis as to the subtype in most cases of poorly differentiated spindle-cell sarcoma.
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PMID:Ultrastructural studies in the preoperative cytologic diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. 330 37

Although the greatest incidence of testicular neoplasms is in the age group 20 to 35.9% of all intrascrotal tumors occur in males over 60. They may be classified into four major groups based on the tissue origin of the tumor. The most common group comprising 50% are lymphoreticular neoplasms or lymphomas. They occur in both blacks and whites, result in a diffuse enlargement of the testis and commonly involve the epididymis and cord. Prognosis is poor and survival is usually less than two years. Germ cell tumors comprise 25% and the tumors are usually large. Most of them are the classical seminoma which has a good prognosis following orchiectomy and retroperitoneal radiation. A few are the spermatocytic seminoma which is usually benign. Three percent are teratocarcinoma with embryonal elements which is highly malignant and survival less than two years. Ten percent are tumors of gonadal stromal origin. There are two types, the Leydig cell and the more rare Sertoli cell. About one-fourth of these patients develop gynecomastia and some a decrease in libido. The prognosis is good as less than 10% of these tumors are malignant. Neoplasms of supportive and paratesticular structures comprise a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant lesions and comprise about 15% of intrascrotal tumors. Most of them have the same features as tumors of similar tissues encountered throughout the body. They are the mesothelioma or adenomatoid tumor, fibroma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyoma, lipoma, liposarcoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, and leiomyosarcoma. As in all intrascrotal tumors, the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis are based on the microscopic findings after removal of the tumor.
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PMID:Intrascrotal tumors in the older male. 372 56

The preoperative results of computed tomography (CT) (n = 59) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) (n = 14) were compared with the intraoperative site and the pathological histological finding. The tumor was correctly estimated by CT in 69% (difference less than 20%), and overestimated in 31% (difference greater than 20%). The superiority of CT consisted in the visualization of intratumor alterations and the representation of the muscle compartments concerned and of the spatial relationship of the tumor to the bone and large vessels. Specific morphological CT criteria were found only in rhabdomyosarcoma and liposarcoma. Unequivocial preoperative appraisals with regard to the histological finding to be expected were possible only in the case of lipoma. DSA was helpful for evaluation of vascular involvement and vascularization. The technique contributed to differential diagnosis (malignant-benign) in only 70%. In peripheral soft-tissue tumors (lower leg, forearm), arterial DSA is preferable to venous DSA. Angiography should be employed after the CT investigation and reserved for specific cases.
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PMID:Comparison of computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography of preoperative evaluation of soft-tissue tumors of the limbs. 391 21

A 54-year-old white man had a slowly growing painless epibulbar mass that clinically mimicked a lymphangioma. Morphologically, the paucicellular tumor contained stellate and spindly cells, mast cells, and dilated lymphatic channels embedded in a loose collagenous matrix. The clinical differential diagnosis included lymphangioma, amelanotic nevus, lymphoma, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, dermoid, lipoma, and botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma. Pathologically, lymphangioma, myxoid neurofibroma, and spindle cell lipoma were all considered. The authors discuss the clinical and histopathologic features of the various tumors, and confirmation of the diagnosis of conjunctival myxoma by differential alcian blue staining properties dependent on critical electrolyte concentration.
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PMID:Conjunctival myxoma. A clinicopathologic study. 667 44

A series of 23 cardiac tumors is reported. Six were diagnosed at autopsy; 17 tumors were surgically explored. Eleven of the 17 were myxomas within the left atrium. Eight of the 17 patients presented with congestive heart failure; peripheral and cerebral emboli were also common. The diagnosis was made preoperatively in 10 patients. Two-dimensional echocardiography was the most reliable diagnostic tool. Follow-up averages 55 months; there have been no late deaths or recurrences. The other six surgically treated tumors were: a left ventricular rhabdomyoma, a septal lipoma, a right atrial calcified endocardial mass, a right ventricular fibrosarcoma, a rhabdomyosarcoma, and a sarcoma metastatic to the pericardium and right atrium. From this series and a review of the literature, we concluded that: benign cardiac tumors can usually be excised with a low morbidity and excellent long-term results; malignant cardiac tumors have a dismal prognosis, and operation is primarily diagnostic; tumors metastatic to the heart should be operated upon only if successful palliation seems possible.
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PMID:Tumors of the heart: surgical considerations. 670 72


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