Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Observations were made on the tumor incidences in two substrains of the BALB/CFCd mouse. A total of 900 mice were examined. They comprised two substrains (families), direct descendants of two different females (designated 916 and 917) of the 31st inbred generation. Offspring of sibling matings of the fourth and fifth generation descendants of these two females were killed when moribund or when they had visible or palpable masses. Complete gross and microscopic examinations were conducted. Renal tumors were noted in 48.1% of those necropsied in family 916 and in 24.6% of those in family 917 (p less than .025). Mammary tumors were found in 13.3% of family 917 and in 3.3% of family 916 (p less than .001). Neoplasms of the reticulo-endothelial system (reticulum cell neoplasms, lymphocytic leukemia, other lymphocytic neoplasms) were found in 20.0% of family 917 but only in 11.2% of family 916 (p less than .005). Tumors of the respiratory system (primarily alveolar adenomas and alveolar adenocarcinomas) were found in 10.2% of family 916 and 16.5% of family 917 (p less than .05). Less commonly observed tumors included synoviomas, 7.6% in family 916 versus 2.1% in 917 (p less than .005), and seven pancreatic acinar adenomas, all but one of which were found in family 916. Also recorded were a total of nine myoepitheliomas, 28 hemangioendotheliomas, two interstitial cell tumors of the testis, a single mesothelioma and a single rhabdomyosarcoma of the esophagus. Degenerative lesions consisting of kyphoscoliosis were noted in 3.7% of mice examined in both families combined.
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PMID:Differences in tumor incidence in two substrains of Claude BALB/c (BALB/cfCd) mice, emphasizing renal, mammary, pancreatic, and synovial tumors. 18 54

Since May 1979, 47 patients with pediatric malignancy aged 1 to 18 years (median: 7) were treated with cryopreserved autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in the department of pediatrics, National Cancer Center Hospital. The malignancies were acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (n = 8), acute lymphocytic leukemia (n = 5), osteosarcoma (n = 7), neuroblastoma (n = 6), brain tumor (n = 5), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 4), retinoblastoma (n = 3), Ewing's sarcoma (n = 3), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 2), malignant histiocytosis (n = 1), hepatoblastoma (n = 1), malignant melanoma (n = 1) and malignant neuroepithelioma (n = 1). Conditioning regimens for solid tumors were multi-agent high-dose chemotherapy, mainly consisted of cyclophosphamide (CY) 120 mg/kg or melphalan 180mg/m2 and that for hematological malignancies were CY with fractionated total body irradiation (12 Gy). In vitro purging by 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide was performed in 12 leukemia patients and 5 solid tumor patients. Of the 13 patients with acute leukemia, 1 died from relapse 1 year after the unpurged marrow transplantation and 1 relapsed in the testis. Remaining 11 patients are alive in continuous complete remission with a median follow up of 30 months (range, 2 to 65 months) after transplantation. The disease-free survival rate of them was 78%. Of the 34 patients with solid tumor, 21 patients died, their cause of death were relapse in 18 and each one of infection, graft failure and brain hemorrhage. Thirteen patients are alive without disease with a median follow up of 28 months (range, 2 to 107 months) posttransplant. The longest survivor is a brain tumor girl, and there are 5 other long survivors; 2 of them are osteosarcoma and each one of rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma and malignant histiocytosis. The disease-free survival rate of total 34 solid tumor patients is 29%, but that of 17 patients who received ABMT in responsive and minimum tumor residue (MTR) period was 69%. These results suggest that autologous bone marrow transplantation is an effective and tolerable treatment for poor prognostic pediatric malignancies, especially for acute leukemia and such solid tumor as that in MTR state.
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PMID:[Autologous bone marrow transplantation in pediatric cancer]. 226 Aug 67

Developments in the treatment of childhood cancer have been evaluated in patients who had been treated in the National Children's Hospital from 1965 to 1987. The total number of patients was 867, of which leukemia accounted for 376, malignant lymphoma 61, neuroblastoma 174, Wilms' tumor 55, yolk sac tumor 29, rhabdomyosarcoma 36 and hepatoblastoma 30. Patients were divided into three time intervals: the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. A marked improvement in five-year survival was recognized in Wilms' tumor and yolk sac tumor, amounting to 80%, followed by rhabdomyosarcoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma. There was no improvement in patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia, neuroblastoma and hepatoblastoma. Prognostic factors for neuroblastoma were further analyzed, and the age of onset and stage of disease were found to have remained constant for 23 years. Factors relating to the improvement of survival were discussed.
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PMID:Improvement in the treatment of childhood cancer: analysis of survival data from the National Children's Hospital (1965-1987). 284 93

Autologous bone marrow transplantation is a procedure that allows for the delivery of high doses of chemotherapy and radiation to treat pediatric malignancies. There have been many studies showing a dose-response curve for many of the drugs that have been used for cytoreductive therapy in autologous bone marrow transplantation. These dosage ranges are achievable in many of the preparative regimens used in autologous bone marrow transplantation. The results in neuroblastoma, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, osseous sarcoma, other soft tissue sarcomas, and acute leukemias (acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia) are reviewed. The question of purging of bone marrow during autologous bone marrow transplantation is addressed. The different techniques of purging are reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. Finally, new areas of treatment and future directions of autologous bone marrow transplantation are addressed.
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PMID:Autologous bone marrow transplantation in children. 306 35

The C-9 and C-7 monoesters and C-7, C-9 diesters of heliotridine with (S)-(+) and (R)-(-)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylbutyric acid were prepared, converted into their N-oxides, and compared with the corresponding C-9 monoesters of retronecine in the in vivo P388 lymphocytic leukemia screen. Relative in vitro cytotoxicities of some of the free bases and their corresponding N-oxides were also measured against the A204 rhabdomyosarcoma cell line by using the soft agar colony forming assay. Stereochemistry at C-7 of the necine and at C-2' of the necine acid appears to have a significant effect on the antitumor activity in this system. In the heliotridine series, the configuration of the necic acid has a pronounced effect on the site selectivity (C-7 vs C-9) in esterification with carbodiimidazole. An explanation for this site selectivity is offered.
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PMID:Semisynthetic pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxide antitumor agents. Esters of heliotridine. 339 89

The preactivated cyclophosphamide analogue, 4-HC, does not require activation by hepatic microsomal enzymes to express its cytotoxic activity and therefore, unlike cyclophosphamide, may be useful for the regional therapy of cancer. In the present study, the pharmacokinetics and toxicology of 4-HC were studied following intraventricular administration of 0.4 mg to rhesus monkeys with chronic indwelling Ommaya reservoirs. 4-HC was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma with a high-performance liquid chromatography assay utilizing a fluorometric detector following derivatization with m-aminophenol. The mean peak level of 4-HC in ventricular CSF was 100 microM 5 min after administration. The drug was cleared rapidly and the elimination was monoexponential with a mean half-life of 22 min. The mean clearance from CSF (0.33 ml/min) was 10-fold higher than CSF bulk flow. The drug was distributed throughout the subarachnoid space with lumbar levels approaching ventricular levels by 60 min. Neither acute nor chronic neurotoxicity or systemic toxicity was observed during the 6-wk observation period. Concentrations of 4-HC demonstrated to be cytocidal in vitro against human breast cancer, lymphoid leukemia, and rhabdomyosarcoma were readily achieved in CSF following intraventricular administration. This study demonstrates that intraventricular therapy with 4-HC is feasible and suggests that further study of this approach in the clinical setting should be considered.
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PMID:Intrathecal administration of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide in rhesus monkeys. 366 93

Since 1970, we have carried out cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cooperation with Japanese scientists, particularly Prof. H. Umezawa, who has generously supplied bleomycin, peplomycin, acalcinomycin A (ACM), THP-adriamycin (THP), neothramycin and bestatin. Malignant tumors curable by pharmacotherapy are polycythemia vera (CR 100%), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) (CR 80%), Burkitt tumor (CR 80 or 50%), Hodgkin disease (CR 80%), chorioepithelioma (CR 80%), testicular cancer (CR 80%), ovary cancer of children (CR 80%), Wilms renal cancer (CR 60%), rhabdomyosarcoma (CR 75%), osteosarcoma (CR 60%), Ewing tumor (CR 60%), brain tumor of children (CR greater than 50%), testicular embryonal cancer of children (CR greater than 50%), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (CR 50%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (CR 50%), ovary cancer of adults (CR 40%), small cell lung cancer (CR 20%) and breast cancer. Our experimental and/or clinical experience with ACM, THP, methoxy-9-ellipticine lactate, navelbine, 4-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin-beta-d-ethyledene glucoside, bestatin and interferon is presented. ACM is effective against AML, ALL, NHL, Burkitt tumor, breast cancer. We have comparatively investigated cardiac and dermal toxicity of 12 kinds of anthracycline antibiotics and mitoxantrone, using golden hamsters. Of the drugs examined, ACM, THP, AD-32 and AD-143 cause much less cardiomyopathy and alopecia than the other agents. The results have been confirmed by electron microscopic studies. Bestatin is an immunorestorator, which recovers immunological functions decreased in aged animals. We hope that cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy will progress in future and contribute to cure of neoplasms. Japanese scientists have been making a great contribution in the field of cancer pharmacotherapy, and we are eager to cooperate with Japanese scientists in cancer treatment studies.
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PMID:[Japanese-French cooperation in tumor pharmacotherapy: 1970-1990]. 619 71

A case of a 65-year-old man with prostatic cancer associated with von Recklinghausen's disease ( VRD ) is reported. The coexistence of neural crest malignancies with VRD is well known. Recently, it has been reported that non-neural crest malignancies appear to occur with increased frequency in patients with VRD . The non-neural crest malignancies now known to be associated with VRD are Wilms' tumor, non-lymphocytic leukemia, rhabdomyosarcoma, and others. The relationship between VRD and non-neural crest malignancy (including carcinoma) is reviewed and briefly discussed.
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PMID:[A case of prostatic cancer associated with von Recklinghausen's disease]. 642 96

From March 1991 through 31st December 2007, 2042 patients underwent stem cell transplantation at the Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. These transplantations included 1405 allogeneic stem cell transplantation, 624 autologous stem cell transplantation, and 13 syngeneic stem cell transplantation. Stem cell transplantation was performed for various diseases including acute myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphoblastic leukemia, thalassemia major, sickle cell thalassemia, sickle cell disease, multiple myeloma, myelodysplasia, mucopolysaccharidosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, severe aplastic anemia, plasma cell leukemia, Niemann-Pick disease, Fanconi anemia, severe combine immunodeficiency, congenital neutropenia, leukocyte adhesion deficiencies, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, osteopetrosis, histiocytosis X, Hurler syndrome, amyloidosis, systemic sclerosis, breast cancer, Ewing's sarcoma, testicular cancer, germ cell tumors, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ovarian cancer, Wilms' tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, pancreatoblastoma, and multiple sclerosis. We had 105 cellular therapies for postmyocardial infarction, multiple sclerosis, cirrhosis, head of femur necrosis, and renal cell carcinoma. About 30 patients were retransplanted in this center. About 74.9% of the patients (1530 of 2042) remained alive between one to 168 months after stem cell transplantation. Nearly 25.1% (512 of 2042) of our patients died after stem cell transplantation. The causes of deaths were relapse, infections, hemorrhagic cystitis, graft versus host disease, and others.
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PMID:Stem cell transplantation; Iranian experience. 1911 Oct 33

The causes of childhood cancers are largely unknown. Birth order has been used as a proxy for prenatal and postnatal exposures, such as frequency of infections and in utero hormone exposures. We investigated the association between birth order and childhood cancers in a pooled case-control dataset. The subjects were drawn from population-based registries of cancers and births in California, Minnesota, New York, Texas and Washington. We included 17,672 cases <15 years of age who were diagnosed from 1980 to 2004 and 57,966 randomly selected controls born 1970-2004, excluding children with Down syndrome. We calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression, adjusted for sex, birth year, maternal race, maternal age, multiple birth, gestational age and birth weight. Overall, we found an inverse relationship between childhood cancer risk and birth order. For children in the fourth or higher birth order category compared to first-born children, the adjusted OR was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.93) for all cancers combined. When we examined risks by cancer type, a decreasing risk with increasing birth order was seen in the central nervous system tumors, neuroblastoma, bilateral retinoblastoma, Wilms tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma. We observed increased risks with increasing birth order for acute myeloid leukemia but a slight decrease in risk for acute lymphoid leukemia. These risk estimates were based on a very large sample size, which allowed us to examine rare cancer types with greater statistical power than in most previous studies, however the biologic mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
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PMID:Birth order and risk of childhood cancer: a pooled analysis from five US States. 2071 70


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