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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A large inbred family is described in which there were seven cases of Hodgkin's disease, three of lymphosarcoma, two of thymoma, two of common variable immunodeficiency, and single cases of retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. There have been no other lymphoma cases in the community during the past decade. Further study of this family may help to define the genetic basis for development of Hodgkin's disease and other disorders.
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PMID:Common variable immunodeficiency, Hodgkin's disease, and other malignancies in a Newfoundland family. 4 22

DNA sequence analyses of several human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolates revealed extensive genetic diversity in the env gene and, to a lesser extent, in other regions of the viral genome, including the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences. Since the LTRs contain elements responsible for the control of transcription, the difference in the LTR region may play a crucial role in the overall replication rate of HIV. To evaluate the role of the LTR, we have constructed a number of infectious hybrid HIV molecular clones containing LTRs from different proviral DNAs linked to the body of the viral genome, and analyzed them in a transient expression system. Both parental and hybrid proviral DNAs were transfected into human rhabdomyosarcoma cells for monitoring virus production. Proviral DNA designate pZ6 (HIVZr6) showed a high level of virus in the medium of the transfected culture in comparison to the pHXB2 (HIVHTLV-III) and pARV (HIVSF-2) DNAs. Hybrid proviral DNAs containing viral genes from pZ6, linked to LTR U3 sequences of pHXB2 and pARV at the 5' end, showed virus production similar to the levels observed with pZ6. These results indicate that the extent of virus production does not correlate with the LTR U3 sequences, and may involve other regions of the viral genome.
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PMID:Structure-function studies of HIV-1: influence of long terminal repeat U3 region sequences on virus production. 135 91

Clonal lines of human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells, constitutively expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) tat gene (RD tat cell lines) showed enhanced expression of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate-early (IE) and late (L) proteins upon HCMV infection, as compared with control RD cells. One of the RD tat cell lines produced infectious HCMV. The RD-tat cell lines, following transfection with recombinant plasmids containing the full length of the HCMV-IE enhancer/promoter linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, exhibited an increased CAT expression by the tat product. A chronically HIV-1-infected human T-lymphoid cell line, SupT1, superinfected with HCMV, expressed HCMV-IE proteins while the parental SupT1 cells infected with HCMV were negative. Parental SupT1 cells coinfected with HIV-1 and HCMV also expressed HCMV-IE proteins, indicating that HIV-1-encoded proteins exert a positive regulatory effect on HCMV expression.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat gene enhances human cytomegalovirus gene expression and viral replication. 165 75

Human CD4 was expressed on a range of mammalian cell lines. CD4+ non-primate cells, derived from rat, hamster, mink, cat, and rabbit, bind recombinant gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) but are resistant to HIV-1 infection. CD4 expression on various human, rhesus, and African green monkey cell lines confers differential susceptibilities for HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency (SIV) strains. For example, CD4+ TE671 rhabdomyosarcoma cells are sensitive to HIV-1 and HIV-2 but resistant to SIV, whereas CD4+ U87 glioma cells are resistant to HIV-1 infection but sensitive to HIV-2 and SIV. HIV-1 infection was not dependent on human major histocompatibility class I expression. Studies of cell fusion and of infection by vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes bearing HIV-1 and HIV-2 envelopes showed that the differential cell tropisms of HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV are determined at the cell surface.
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PMID:Specific cell surface requirements for the infection of CD4-positive cells by human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 and by Simian immunodeficiency virus. 167 40

Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) isolated from infected individuals show tremendous genetic and biologic diversity. To delineate the genetic determinants underlying specific biologic characteristics, such as rate of replication, cytopathic effects, and ability to infect macrophages and T4 lymphoid cells, generation of hybrid HIV using viruses which exhibit distinct biologic features is essential. To develop methods for generating hybrid HIV, we constructed truncated HIV proviral DNA plasmids. Upon digestion with restriction enzymes, these plasmid DNAs were cotransfected into human rhabdomyosarcoma cells to generate hybrid HIV. The hybrid HIVs derived by this method were infectious upon transmission to both phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes and established human leukemic T-cell lines. The virus derived from molecular clone pHXB2 (HIVHTLV-III) productively infected CEMx174 cells. On the other hand, molecular clone pARV (HIVSF2)-derived virus did not show productive infection of CEMx174 cells when used as a cell-free virus. The hybrid HIV containing the 3' end of the genome from pARV and the 5' end of the genome from pHXB2 was effective in infecting CEMx174 cells, but the converse hybrid containing 5' pARV and 3' pHXB2 was not effective in infecting CEMx174 cells. These results suggest that differences in the genes outside of env and nef play a role in the ability of the virus to infect a certain cell type. The intracellular ligation method should be useful in the analysis of related and unrelated HIV-1 isolates with common restriction enzyme cleavage sites.
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PMID:Generation of hybrid human immunodeficiency virus utilizing the cotransfection method and analysis of cellular tropism. 167 38

Deletion mutants of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac) which were unable to integrate into host cells were generated by removing a portion of the integrase (IN) domain of the pol gene. The resulting plasmid was transfected into HUT-78 and human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. In comparison with the parental plasmid DNA transfected in parallel, the deletion mutant was found to direct efficient production of virus in both cell systems. Viruses derived from wild-type and mutant proviral DNAs were also tested for their relative replicative abilities in HUT-78 and U937 cells, and the kinetics of virus production was found to vary between these two cell systems. Analysis of DNA from infected cell nuclei showed that the deletion mutant lacked the ability to integrate despite being able to produce infectious virus. Using the sensitive polymerase chain reaction technique, we have clearly demonstrated the absence of the IN domain in the deletion mutant after infection and replication in HUT-78 cells. Such mutants might form the basis for the development of an experimental live attenuated vaccine.
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PMID:Generation of deletion mutants of simian immunodeficiency virus incapable of proviral integration. 841 98

Infectious molecular clones of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been very important tools for the analysis of regulatory gene functions and the study of differential cell tropism. We have cloned and characterized a proviral sequence of HIVmn from mn strain infected H9 cells. This clone, called KP1, was found to be infectious for different cell lines and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). KP1 proviral DNA was detected in HUT-78 cells and human PBL by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis after infection of these cells with cell-free supernatants from KP1 transfected human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an infectious molecular clone of HIVmn which is a representative of one of the most prevalent strains of HIV-1 in North America and Europe. Biologically active clones of a broadly antigenic strain such as HIVmn will be extremely useful in therapeutic approaches for AIDS.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of an infectious molecular clone of the MN strain of HIV-1. 193 Jan 83

The transactivator (tat) gene of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) plays an essential role in the replication cycle of HIV. Previous studies have evaluated the extent and mechanistic aspects of tat-mediated transactivation using lymphoid and adherent non-lymphoid cells. We have exploited the transactivation property of the tat gene to achieve high levels of hybrid HIV resulting from recombination between HIV DNAs. For this purpose, we have generated stably transformed human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell lines expressing tat gene product of HIV-1. Functional analysis of the cell lines for the presence of tat protein by transfecting HIV-long terminal repeat (LTR) linked to chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) revealed low, moderate, and high tat producer cell lines. RD-tat cell lines also showed enhanced virus production upon transfection of HIV-1 proviral DNA. Further, tat producer cell lines showed a high amount of hybrid virus in comparison to the control RD cells upon transfection of truncated viral DNAs. Thus, RD-tat cell lines would be valuable target cells for generating homogeneous viruses upon transfection of viral DNA.
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PMID:Development of RD-tat cell lines: use in HIV recombination studies. 212 54

Lymphoma of the head and neck in children can pose a significant diagnostic problem, especially when histologic analysis indicates non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the initial site of involvement is extranodal. This report describes 15 pediatric cases of lymphoma seen from 1981 to 1987 with an initial presentation in the head and neck. Cervical lymph nodes represented the initial site of involvement in 10 of the cases. The other five cases presented with disease in the tonsillar fossa; maxillary sinus and mandible; parotid; pharyngeal wall; trachea and thyroid gland; and ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus, and anterior fossa. The histologic type was non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 12 cases and Hodgkin's lymphoma in 3 cases. Our experience has shown that lymphoma of the head and neck in children presents a confusing clinical picture and was initially confused with inflammatory disease, polymorphic reticulosis, and other neoplasms such as rhabdomyosarcoma. In one patient, Epstein-Barr virus infection and an inherited immunodeficiency state probably played a role in the pathogenesis of the lymphoma.
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PMID:Unusual presentations of lymphoma of the head and neck in childhood. 231 81

The CD4 antigen has been subverted as a receptor by the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV). Several groups have reported that recombinant, soluble forms of the CD4 molecule (sCD4) block the infection of T lymphocytes by HIV-1, as CD4 binds the HIV envelope glycoprotein, gp120, with high affinity. We now report that sCD4 blocks diverse strains of HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV, but is less effective for HIV-2. The blocking effect is apparent even after adsorption of virions to CD4 cells. Soluble CD4 prevents HIV infection of T-lymphocytic and myelomonocytic cell lines, but neither sCD4 nor anti-CD4 antibodies inhibit infection of glioma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines.
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PMID:Soluble CD4 blocks the infectivity of diverse strains of HIV and SIV for T cells and monocytes but not for brain and muscle cells. 253 42


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