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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Shell vials (SV) and conventional tubes (CT) were seeded with rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and MRC-5 cells and inoculated with clinical specimens, and the systems were evaluated for the rapid diagnosis of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections by detection of cytopathic effects (CPE) (for CT, for 7 days) and by using fluoresceinated monoclonal antibodies (for SV, 16 h postinoculation). Of 245 genital specimens (16 from males and 229 from females) 56 (23%) seeded with MRC-5 cells (14 type 1 and 42 type 2) and 55 (22%) seeded with RD cells were detected in CT; however, CPE were recognized in only 26 (46%) of the total HSV-positive cultures 1 day postinoculation. Forty-eight (86% sensitivity, MRC-5) and 46 (84% sensitivity, RD) HSV strains were detected immunologically in SV 16 h postinoculation. Early CPE in CT or fluorescent foci in SV were easier to detect in MRC-5 than in RD cell cultures. MRC-5 and RD cells were equally sensitive to infection with HSV. CT cell cultures were more sensitive than SV but less rapid for the detection of HSV infection (P less than 0.01). We recommend using SV for the rapid diagnosis of HSV infections, but in addition, CT must be inoculated with MRC-5 or RD to ensure maximum detection of this virus.
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PMID:Comparison of shell vials and conventional tubes seeded with rhabdomyosarcoma and MRC-5 cells for the rapid detection of herpes simplex virus. 166 44

The performance of locally produced human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells was shown to be superior to human foreskin fibroblast (SF) and HEp-2 cells for the isolation of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) from clinical specimens. A comparison of sensitivity, clarity of cytophathic effect, and ease of growing the cells for the isolation of HSV was made on these cell lines. A total of 1351 fresh clinical specimens, submitted for the isolation of HSV, were inoculated into RD, HEp-2, and SF cell culture tubes. The cultures were incubated for 7 days at 35 degrees C on a roller drum and observed daily for cytophathic effect (CPE). Of these specimens, 318 (23.5%) were positive for HSV. In 287 (90%) of these positive specimens, the RD cell line was the first, either alone or simultaneously with another cell line, to display typical HSV CPE. This CPE was clearly recognized by the appearance of clusters of rounded cells and associated multinucleated giant cells. In 241 (76%) of the positive specimens, the RD cell line displayed CPE on the first or second day of incubation. These results demonstrate that the RD cell line was more rapid than the SF and HEp-2 cell lines for the detection of HSV and suggests that RD cells should be included in a tissue culture program designed for the detection of HSV.
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PMID:Comparison of human rhabdomyosarcoma, HEp-2, and human foreskin fibroblast cells for the isolation of herpes simplex virus from clinical specimens. 166 73

Traditionally, fetal bovine serum (FBS) has been the principal component in media used in the growth and maintenance of cell cultures. Recent shortages have affected the cost and availability of FBS to clinical laboratories. Furthermore, lot-to-lot variability can affect cell culture performance and growth. We evaluated a commercially available serum replacement (Omni Serum; Advanced Biotechnologies Inc., Columbia, Md.) for use in the growth of cell cultures and for use in maintenance media used for the isolation of herpes simplex virus from clinical specimens. Cells (rhabdomyosarcoma and mink lung) raised on 5% Omni Serum grew as well as those grown on 10% FBS. The sensitivity of the Omni-raised cells to herpes simplex virus that had been isolated from 111 clinical specimens was equal to that of the cells raised and maintained with FBS. Cells grown with 10% FBS and maintained with 2% Omni Serum displayed the same sensitivity and integrity in tubes (rhabdomyosarcoma and mink lung) and vials (MRC-5 cells) as cells grown with 10% FBS and maintained with 5% FBS. This study indicates that Omni Serum is an acceptable substitute for FBS in maintenance media for cell culture tubes and vials used for viral isolation from clinical specimens.
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PMID:Comparison of a serum replacement (Omni Serum) and fetal bovine serum in cell cultures used to isolate herpes simplex virus from clinical specimens. 215 17

Specimens submitted for the detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) were inoculated into conventional cell-culture tubes and fresh MRC-5 shell vials. The shell vial centrifugation cultures (SVCs) were examined at 16 hr postinoculation for HSV by using type-specific monoclonal antibodies (SVC-FA); they were also analyzed for HSV antigen by using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (SVC-ELISA). Mink Lung (ML) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells were used in the cell-culture tubes. Of 182 specimens, 35 (19%) were positive in cell-culture tubes, 16 (9%) were positive by SVC-ELISA, and 22 (12%) were positive SVC-FA. All specimens that were positive by SVC-ELISA, SVC-FA, and in culture tubes displayed cytopathic effect (CPE) at 16 hr. Those specimens that had a negative ELISA and/or FA result and were positive in culture were evaluated for the time in which it took to detect CPE. At 16 hr, 48% of the positive tubes were detected; at 40 hr (second day), 83% of the positive tubes were detected; and by the third day, 94% were detected. The RD cell line displayed CPE at the same time or earlier than ML cells did in 92% of the positive cases. The sensitivity of the SVC-ELISA at 16 hr was 46% with 100% specificity. The sensitivity of the SVC-FA at 16 hr was 63% with 99% specificity. Given the increased sensitivity, rapid display of CPE, and reduced cost and handling time of cell cultures, our laboratory found that rapid SVC-ELISA and SVC-FA procedures for HSV detection have no clinical or laboratory advantage.
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PMID:Comparison of enzyme immunoassay, shell vial culture, and conventional cell culture for the rapid detection of herpes simplex virus. 216 33

Highly sensitive and rapid results can be obtained by isolating herpes simplex virus from clinical specimens in simple cell culture with rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. In this study, 3,186 clinical specimens were inoculated into locally produced, equivalent-age RD and mink lung (ML) cells. Of 727 positive isolates, all (100%) were isolated from RD cells and only 691 (95%) were isolated from ML cells. Furthermore, 162 of the positive isolates (22%) were isolated in RD cells earlier than in ML cells. RD cells are continuous and can be cultivated in house without decreasing sensitivity as the passage number increases. They produce a highly distinguishable cytopathic effect in response to herpes simplex virus and maintain intense confirmatory staining patterns.
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PMID:Rapid isolation of herpes simplex virus by using mink lung and rhabdomyosarcoma cell cultures. 217 54

The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the interaction of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) with host cell was studied. Confluent state of a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (A204) showed a much lower susceptibility to HCMV infection when compared to that in subconfluent actively growing cell cultures. Treatment of confluent cultures with DMSO, however, converted many nonproductive cells in these cultures to a productive state for virus replication. Infectious center assay revealed that approximately 100-fold more cells in the compound-treated cultures are able to produce infectious virus. The amount of infectious virus produced in DMSO-treated confluent cultures was enhanced by approximately 10,000-fold over production in untreated cultures and recovered to the level of that produced in subconfluent cultures productive state for virus replication. This cell physiology-dependent inhibition of HCMV replication and enhancement of virus growth by DMSO did not occur with herpes simplex virus type 2. Immunofluorescence staining, gel electrophoresis, and DNA analyses indicate that block of HCMV replication in confluent cultures probably occurs at the level of early transcription or translation of the viral genome. In contrast, in DMSO-treated confluent cultures appreciable amounts of HCMV DNA polymerase (an early virus function), viral DNA, and late antigens were synthesized. Pretreatment of confluent cultures with DMSO enabled the cells to support HCMV replication. In addition, the most effective enhancement by DMSO was found in cultures that had been treated with the compound up to 5 hr after infection. These results suggest that the enhancing effect by DMSO is primarily expressed through some host cellular function(s) and the early stages in virus growth cycle are most likely under control by DMSO action.
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PMID:Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on interaction of human cytomegalovirus with host cell: conversion of a nonproductive state of cell to a productive state for virus replication. 299 16

The inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) plaque formation by acycloguanosine (ACG) was assayed in human fetal lung fibroblasts (HL), cell lines from human cervical carcinoma, rabbit cornea, and human rhabdomyosarcoma, and three green monkey kidney cell lines. The ACG concentration giving 50% plaque reduction (PR50) of HSV-1 was lowest in HL. In two green monkey kidney cell lines, HSV-1 plaque formation was relatively insensitive to ACG, with PR50 of 25 and 60 muM, respectively. In the other cells, HSV-1 showed an intermediate sensitivity to ACG. Also, HSV-2 was more sensitive to ACG in HL than in monkey kidney cells. HSV-1 plaque reduction on HL cells was studied as a function of increasing virus MOI with a constant concentration of ACG. An increased MOI decreased the sensitivity to ACG. The sensitivity of cytomegalovirus (CMV), strain Ad. 169, and four fresh CMV isolates to ACG was studied in HL cells. At low MOIs, three of the five CMV strains were somewhat sensitive to ACG, PR50 values ranging from 60 to 450 muM ACG. At high MOIs none of the virus strains were sensitive. ACG at concentrations of 200 muM or less did not significantly affect host cell DNA synthesis, as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. In cell culture, the inhibition of herpesviruses by ACG appears to be complex, depending on the type of virus, virus concentration, type of host cells, and condition of the cells.
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PMID:Influence of cells and virus multiplicity on the inhibition of herpesviruses with acycloguanosine. 626 98

Intensive chemotherapy followed by infusion of cryopreserved autologous bone marrow (ABMR) was used in the treatment of 22 children with advanced tumours. In nine this was their initial therapy; in eight it was used after partial or complete remission had been achieved with standard therapy; and in five, after relapse had occurred. Recovery of marrow function occurred in 20 patients with a mean time of 13.2 and 18.2 days to recovery of neutrophils (greater than 0.5 X 10(9)/l) in newly diagnosed and previously treated patients respectively. Platelet count recovery to greater than 50 X 10(9)/l occurred in a mean time of 13.4 days in newly diagnosed and 20.4 days in previously treated patients. Control of extensive local tumour was obtained in three of three evaluable patients with abdominal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Metastatic bony and marrow disease was controlled in two of two patients with retinoblastoma. In Ewing's sarcoma, temporary control of widespread metastatic disease occurred in one patient. In the other, eradication of extensive local mass disease at the primary site had been achieved. Poor response to treatment has been seen in seven of eight patients with Stage III or IV rhabdomyosarcoma, three patients with neuroblastoma and four of five patients with recurrent disease. Apart from the anticipated bone marrow toxicity, the major complications were severe mucositis, anaphylaxis following bone marrow infusion and haemorrhagic cystitis. The presence of herpes simplex infection appeared to aggravate mucosal complication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Experience with high dose multiagent chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow rescue in the treatment of twenty-two children with advanced tumours. 639 55

CPT-11 [7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin ] is a prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite SN-38 by carboxylesterases. In its active form, the drug inhibits topoisomerase I, causes DNA damage, and induces apoptosis. Data in this study show metabolism of CPT-11 to SN-38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin) by a rabbit liver carboxylesterase in vitro and growth-inhibitory activity of the products of the reaction. Additionally, stable expression of the cDNA encoding this protein in Rh30 human rhabdomyosarcoma cells increased the sensitivity of the cells to CPT-11 8.1-fold. We propose that this prodrug/enzyme combination can be exploited therapeutically in a manner analogous to approaches currently under investigation with the combinations of ganciclovir/herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and 5-fluorocytosine/cytosine deaminase.
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PMID:Overexpression of a rabbit liver carboxylesterase sensitizes human tumor cells to CPT-11. 942 50

We examined a panel of cell lines for the expression of the myogenic proteins myoD and myogenin. High level expression of both proteins was seen in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). To determine whether promoter elements from these genes could direct RMS cell-specific expression, we generated reporter constructs containing one or two copies of the myoD enhancer coupled to the SV40 promoter. Transient transfection reporter assays confirmed the selective expression of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) in 8 RMS cell lines. In contrast, very low expression from the myoD enhancer/SV40 promoter was detected in four non-RMS cell lines. To determine whether the hybrid promoter could elicit RMS-specific cytotoxicity, a mammalian expression vector containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk) under control of the hybrid myoD enhancer/SV40 promoter was constructed. After electroporation into several cell lines, selective RMS cell kill was observed after treatment with ganciclovir. These data suggest that in vivo tumor-specific expression of HSVtk from the myoD enhancer/SV40 promoter may provide an alternative to current chemotherapy.
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PMID:Rhabdomyosarcoma-specific expression of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene confers sensitivity to ganciclovir. 969 70


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