Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most humans in the United States have been infected with BK virus (BKV), a human papovavirus. Because BKV has oncogenic properties, we have investigated whether it may be a cause of human cancer. Basic principles of tumor virology imply that BKV-induced tumors should contain BKV DNA sequences. Therefore, we assayed (by molecular hybridization) DNA from human tumors and malignant cell lines for BKV DNA, using BKV [(32)P]DNA as probe. The BKV [(32)P]DNA was labeled in vitro (nick translation) to specific activities of 1 to 2 x 10(8) cpm/mug. The BKV DNA used to prepare our probes had the properties expected of authentic BKV genomes, including density of superhelical DNA, sedimentation velocity in alkaline and neutral sucrose gradients, production of one fragment by endonuclease EcoRI cleavage and four fragments by endonuclease Hin II + III cleavage and reassociation properties. From these studies we conclude that our BKV probes hybridized well, and represented bona fide BKV DNA. Using three different BKV [(32)P]DNA probes, i.e., from three distinct plaque isolates, we have analyzed DNA from BKV-transformed cells, normal human tissues, and a large number of human tumors. All human DNAs (cell lines, normal tissues, tumors) hybridized 5% with BKV DNA. Hybridization analysis of BKV-transformed hamster cell DNA indicated 5-6 copies of at least 88% of the BKV genome per cell. No BKV DNA sequences were detected (above the normal 5% hybridization to all human DNAs) in the following normal human tissues: 10 kidney (BKV is usually isolated from urine), 3 spleen, 13 lung, 23 colon, 2 rectum, 1 ileum, and 1 skin. No BKV-specific DNA was found in 166 tumors, including 5 carcinomas (Ca) of stomach, 3 Ca small intestine, 26 Ca colon, 9 Ca rectum, 31 Ca lung, 9 adenocarcinomas and 5 oat cell carcinomas of lung, 17 melanomas, 5 Ca prostate, 4 Ca bladder, 6 Wilms tumors, 4 hypernephromas, 15 Ca kidney, 7 brain tumors, 5 Hodgkin lymphomas, 10 lymphomas (immunosuppressed patients have a high incidence of lymphomas), 2 reticulum cell sarcomas (spleen), and 3 skin tumors. We have also analyzed 7 human malignant cell lines (melanoma, lung, rhabdomyosarcoma, and glioblastomas), including several clones of a lung melanoma line; no BKV DNA sequences were detected. Because our probes could detect one copy of BKV DNA if only 10% of the cells were tumor cells, our results are very strong evidence that the tumors we analyzed did not have a BKV etiology. The tumors we tested represent about 50% of all cancers in the United States; there is no evidence that BKV is involved in the etiology of these types of tumors.
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PMID:Analysis of human tumors and human malignant cell lines for BK virus-specific DNA sequences. 20 40

A cystectomy for indications other than transitional cell cancer of the bladder or general bladder cancer is frequently performed in cooperation with other surgical specialties such as general surgery or gynecology. In these cases the urological procedure as well as the oncological and surgical concepts of other specialties have to be combined. We studied our cystectomy patients who had undergone such a combined procedure for a non-urothelial indication concerning perioperative and postoperative complications.A total of 204 cystectomies were performed by the Department of Urology at the University of Hamburg, Germany between 1995 and 2003. Bladder cancer was the indication for cystectomy in 162 patients, but 42 patients had a non-urothelial indication for this procedure. These patients included 12 cases of advanced rectal cancer, 9 cases of advanced cervical cancer, 6 cases of advanced sigmoid cancer, 4 cases of advanced prostate cancer, 1 case of prostate sarcoma, 5 cases of complex vesicointestinal fistulae, 2 cases of urachal cancer, 1 leiomyosarcoma, 1 rhabdomyoma, and 1 rhabdomyosarcoma, respectively. Perioperative and postoperative complications of those patients were compared to patients who underwent cystectomy for transitional cell cancer of the bladder.Those 42 patients who underwent cystectomy for non-urothelial indications included 14 male and 28 female patients. The mean age was 58.2 years with a range of 3-78 years. For urinary diversion 30 ileum conduits, 4 sigma conduits, and 8 ileum neobladders were used. The mean operative time was 6.25 h. The mean blood loss was 2200 ml. An average of four red blood cell concentrates (RBC) had to be given. Postoperative hydronephrosis had to be treated in three (7%) patients unilaterally and in two (5%) patients bilaterally with a temporary nephrostomy. Postoperative urinary leakage lasting more than 30 days was found in two (5%) patients. A deep vein thrombosis as well as an ileus was found in five (12%) patients each, respectively. There was no perioperative mortality in this study. When comparing the complications of those patients with the 162 patients who underwent cystectomy for bladder cancer, the only significant difference ( p=0.033, chi-square test) was a higher ileus rate in the patients with cystectomy for a non-urothelial indication. Complications with cystectomy for non-urothelial indications are in large comparable to those for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The higher ileus rate in non-urothelial patients can be explained by the more radical procedures in this group of patients. Even though the group of patients undergoing cystectomy for indications other than bladder cancer was small in this trial, the procedure is standardized in combination with other specialties. Larger patient numbers and a longer follow-up will lead to more data in this special group of patients.
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PMID:[Cystectomy for indications other than bladder cancer]. 1499 Nov 19