Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The immunobiology of heterotransplanted human tumors was investigated following transplantation into nude mice of human bronchogenic, colon, rectal, ovarian, gastric, endometrial, vaginal, bladder, renal, esophageal, embryonic cell, pancreatic, and breast carcinoma, as well as fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant melanoma, astrocytoma, Wilm's tumor, endometrial hyperplasia, and hydatidiform mole. Several of these tumors were passaged up to 15 generations. During these passages no changes in latency period for tumor development or in histology were noted. There were significant differences between several tumors in the minimum number of cells required for successful transplantation; such differences were independent of the basic biologic aggressiveness of the individual tumors. Nude mice that received transplants of fibrosarcoma and endometrial carcinoma had increased serum IgM and numbers of spleen cells and complement receptor lymphocytes. No such changes were noted for mice that received transplants of malignant melanoma, In contrast, there were no apparent differences in the responses of nude mice, who were given transplants of human tumors, to be T-cell mitogens concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin or in the number of theta-bearing spleen cells. The success rate for transplantation was significantly improved when explants, rather than single-cell suspensions, were performed. Tumors transplanted to nude mice derived from strictly homozygous matings behaved like tumors transplanted to mice born of heterozygous mothers. Finally, despite the dramatic size of subcutaneous tumor nodules, there were no examples of invasion or distant metastases.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1977 May
PMID:Immunobiology of heterotransplanted human tumors in nude mice. 85 33

Pleomorphic carcinoma of the pancreas is a well defined histopathological entity characterized by non-cohesive, sarcoma-like growth pattern, and bizarre mono- and multinucleated tumor giant cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Fifteen cases are identified in autopsy files of the Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, which represent 7.1% of all the non-endocrine pancreatic malignancies found at autopsy. Pleomorphic carcinoma is comparable to pancreatic adenocarcinoma in clinical features such as age, sex, and presenting symptoms except that it is more likely to occur in the body and tail of the pancreas, metastases invariably develop, hematogenous spread is more common, and the median survival is worse. Pleomorphic carcinoma could be distinguished from the pancreatic tumors that resemble giant cell tumor of the bone. Differential diagnostic features between it and amelanotic melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, pleomorphic liposarcoma, pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, fibroxanthosarcoma, poorly differentiated epidermoid carcinoma, and giant cell carcinomas of the lung and thyroid are discussed.
Cancer 1977 May
PMID:Pleomorphic carcinoma of the pancreas: an analysis of 15 cases. 87 Jan 68

Thirty-nine previously untreated children with rhabdomyosarcoma were managed by a coordinated program of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy during the years 1960 to 1973. The primary tumor was located in the head and neck (24), chest wall (1), abdomen (1), pelvis (10), and lower extremity (3). Radiation therapy consisted of tumor doses of 5000 to 6000 rads delivered in five to six weeks. Combination chemotherapy with actinomyctin-D, vincristine and cyclophosphamide was used after 1968. Seventeen of 25 cases (68%) treated after 1968 are alive two to five years following treatment. Only four of 14 cases (29%) who received less radical therapy before 1968 are alive. A relatively high incidence of local failure (23%) was noted in spite of adequate doses of radiotherapy. None of the four cases with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis survived. Major complications were mainly noted in patients with orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. Correlation of absolute survival with dose of irradiation, primary site, extent of disease and histologic subtypes of the tumor are discussed.
Cancer 1977 Jun
PMID:Combined treatment modalities of rhabdomyosarcoma in children. 87 41

Blood was obtained on 414 occasions from 106 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) or solid tumors. Resting and stimulated hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity and unstimulated and stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction were assessed on each sample. The values obtained were compared to similar determinations made on blood obtained from 178 healthy children. Resting HMPS activity of all patients with malignant diseases was significantly (p smaller than 0.01) greater, and ability to stimulate HMPSP activity significantly (p smaller than 0.01) less than that noted in healthy control patients. Unstimulated NBT dye reduction of leukocytes obtained from patients with malignant disorders was significantly (p smaller than 0.01) less than that observed in healthy control children. No significant differences were noted in HMPS activity or NBT dye reduction in patients with ALL, rhabdomyosarcoma, or other solid tumors who had bacterial infection when compared to uninfected patients, or when patients were categorized according to the type of chemotherapy provided. HMPS activity and NBT dye reduction of patients with ALL prior to treatment, in remission, and during episodes of relapse did not differ from each other. Thus, a functional impairment in leukocyte function was noted in patients with ALL even when their peripheral blood and bone marrow cells exhibited normal morphology.
Cancer 1975 May
PMID:Leukocyte function in children with malignancies. 105 20

Rubidazone was used as sole chemotherapy in 170 adults and children with acute leukemia and sarcoma. When rubidazone was employed to treat the first attack, complete remission was achieved in : 1) 40 out of 70 patients (57%) with AML; 2) two out of six patients with AML where previous chemotherapy had failed; 3) four out of five patients with ALL; 4) 12 out of 14 patients with acute monoblastic leukemia. When used to treat relapse, rubidazone produced complete remission in : 1) 14 out of 31 cases of AML; 2) 18 out of 39 cases of ALL; 3) 2 out of 3 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Treatment of a case of rhabdomyosarcoma was unsuccessful. In the treatment of acute myeloblastic and monoblastic leukemias, it may be concluded that rubidazone induces a higher rate of complete remission than any other previously reported drug which was used alone. It also achieves remission rates similar to those resulting from a combination of daunorubicin and Ara-C. Furthermore, when compared with daunorubicin, rubidazone allows better control of the induction of aplasia.
Cancer 1976 Feb
PMID:Clinical study of rubidazone (22 050 R.P.), a new daunorubicin-derived compound, in 170 patients with acute leukemias and other malignancies. 106 26

Spleen cells from mice immunized against a methylcholanthrene induced rhabdomyosarcoma inhibited tumour cell colony formation in vitro and prevented tumour development in vivo in an adoptive transfer test. Treatment of the immune spleen cells with anti-mouse immunoglobulin serum or passage through a nylon wool column, both of which reduced the percentage of immunoglobulin bearing cells in the population to less than 3-4%, did not alter their anti-tumour effects. In contrast, treatment of the spleen cells with anti-BAomicron serum abolished their anti-tumour effects both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that T cells are the mediators of tumour immunity in this chemically induced tumour system.
Br J Cancer 1975 Feb
PMID:Studies on the effector cell of anti-tumour immunity in a chemically induced mouse tumour system. 108 Jun 68

Prior to the use of chemotherapy, survival for rhabdomyosarcoma which had been completely resected was 50-60%. A controled study done by Children's Cancer Study Group showed the effectiveness of combined chemotherapy used as part of primary therapy in similar patients. Children who received actinomycin D (Act D) and vincristine (Vcr) for 1 year after surgery and radiotherapy had a lower metastatic rate than those who received none. This combination resulted in an 89% survival in patients with localized disease which was surgically resectable. Patients with microscopic residual disease had a 91% survival. With more aggressive use of combined chemotherapy, experience has accumulated demonstrating improved response and survival in both localized and gross residual disease. Combinations of Act D, Vcr, and cyclophosphamide can reduce initial tumor size, making large tumor masses more amenable to surgery and radiotherapy. Currently, an intergroup study is testing the response to four different drug combinations and the duration of therapy needed for various stages of the disease.
Cancer 1975 Mar
PMID:The role of chemotherapy in the management of soft tissue sarcomas. 108 74

The clinical course of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma is described in seven male children. A survey of the literature on the subject is given. Particular attention is paid to certain diagnostic problems of this most frequent orbital malignant primary in childhood. An adequate combination therapy which results in cure in more than half of the patients should be employed provided that an exact morphological diagnosis is made; this still causes often great difficulty. Electron microscopy is of great value in distinguishing this type of tumor from other malignancies, including the so-called reticulosarcoma. In comparison with the case material of other authors, there was a relatively high rate of late deaths in our patients.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical picture and morphology of orbital rhabdomyosarcomas in children]. 109 30

Fifteen patients with surgically incurable, advanced, and metastatic sarcomas were treated with courses of adriamycin and vincristine-actinomycin D alternating within a 7-week cycle. Three patients had objective partial responses for more than 3 months (liposarcoma, 4 months; fibrous histiocytoma, 15+ months; desmoid tumor, 19+ months) while two other patients (liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma) had lesser responses. No beneficial effect could be attributed to therapy in two patients with leiomyosarcoma, two patients each with synovial cell sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma, and one patient each with rhabdomyosarcoma and mesenchymoma. No additive effect of alternating full doses of these agents could be demonstrated over the published data on response to adriamycin or actinomycin D alone.
Cancer Chemother Rep
PMID:Alternating administration of adriamycin (NSC-123127) and vincristine (NSC-67574)-actinomycin D (NSC-3053) in advanced sarcomas. 110 47

Soft tissue sarcomas are the fourth most frequent solid tumors in children. They arise at many sites, most frequently in the orbit, head and neck, and pelvis. Diagnostic radiologic studies play an integral role in patient evaluation, allowing direct visualization of the primary lesion, its vascular supply, its direct and regional extensions; of distant metastases; and of anomalies. They aid in staging and selecting treatment, and later, in evaluating results. Radiation therapy is a vital tool in today's multidisciplinary approach. Irradiation has produced a 90% recurrence-free rate, and a 67% cure rate, for orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. A similar improvement in local tumor control rates may apply at other primary sites when an adequate dose is delivered to the affected volume. Multidrug chemotherapy programs provide hope for an increased cure rate. Sufficient time has not yet elapsed to judge fully the late anatomical and physiological costs of these more vigorous multidisciplinary treatments.
Cancer 1975 Mar
PMID:The role of diagnostic radiology and radiation therapy in the management of soft tissue sarcomas in children. 111 54


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