Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035412 (rhabdomyosarcoma)
 6,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clonal lines of human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells, constitutively expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) tat gene (RD tat cell lines) showed enhanced expression of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate-early (IE) and late (L) proteins upon HCMV infection, as compared with control RD cells. One of the RD tat cell lines produced infectious HCMV. The RD-tat cell lines, following transfection with recombinant plasmids containing the full length of the HCMV-IE enhancer/promoter linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, exhibited an increased CAT expression by the tat product. A chronically HIV-1-infected human T-lymphoid cell line, SupT1, superinfected with HCMV, expressed HCMV-IE proteins while the parental SupT1 cells infected with HCMV were negative. Parental SupT1 cells coinfected with HIV-1 and HCMV also expressed HCMV-IE proteins, indicating that HIV-1-encoded proteins exert a positive regulatory effect on HCMV expression.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1991 Aug
PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat gene enhances human cytomegalovirus gene expression and viral replication. 165 75

Infectious molecular clones of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been very important tools for the analysis of regulatory gene functions and the study of differential cell tropism. We have cloned and characterized a proviral sequence of HIVmn from mn strain infected H9 cells. This clone, called KP1, was found to be infectious for different cell lines and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). KP1 proviral DNA was detected in HUT-78 cells and human PBL by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis after infection of these cells with cell-free supernatants from KP1 transfected human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an infectious molecular clone of HIVmn which is a representative of one of the most prevalent strains of HIV-1 in North America and Europe. Biologically active clones of a broadly antigenic strain such as HIVmn will be extremely useful in therapeutic approaches for AIDS.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of an infectious molecular clone of the MN strain of HIV-1. 193 Jan 83

Reducing agents such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione ester (GSE), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) have been shown to suppress the induction of HIV expression in chronically infected cells stimulated by cytokines. We present data which show the effects of the organic thiophosphate WR-151327 on the expression of latent HIV in U1 cells. The chronically infected promonocytic cell line U1 constitutively expresses low levels of HIV that can be increased by 13-phorbol 12-myristate acetate (PMA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). WR-151327 suppressed, in dose-dependent fashion, the reverse transcriptase (RT) activity induced by TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and PMA. The maximal decrease in RT activity was 70, 80, and 50%, respectively. Pretreatment with WR-151327 also suppressed the induction of total HIV protein synthesis, as shown by Western blot analysis. In addition, WR-151327 suppressed HIV-LTR-CAT activity in transfected human rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RD). Suppression of HIV expression by WR-151327 was observed in the absence of a cytotoxic or cytostatic effect. Incubation of WR-151327 with human recombinant TNF-alpha for 6 hr at 37 degrees C did not alter the capacity of TNF-alpha to induce the expression of HIV. Our observations further support the hypothesis that reducing agents are important in the control of HIV replication and that the clinical evaluation of WR-151327 may be indicated.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1994 Jun
PMID:Organic thiophosphate WR-151327 suppresses expression of HIV in chronically infected cells. 752 Nov 93

Vpr is a virion-associated protein of human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) whose function in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been uncertain. Employing the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model to examine the effects of HIV-1 auxiliary proteins on basic cellular functions, we found that the vpr gene caused cell growth arrest and structural defects indicated by osmotic sensitivity and gross cell enlargement. Production of various domains by gene expression showed that this effect arose from within the carboxyl-terminal third of the Vpr protein and implicated the sequence HFRIGCRHSRIG, containing two H(S/F)RIG motifs. Electroporation with a series of peptides containing these motifs caused structural defects in yeast that resulted in osmotic sensitivity. A protein with functions relating to the yeast cytoskeleton, Sac1p [Cleves, A. E., Novick, P.J. & Bankaitis, V.A. (1989) J. Cell Biol. 109, 2939-2950], shows sequence similarity to Vpr, and Vpr's effect in yeast may be to disrupt normal Sac1p functions. The Sac1p equivalent has not yet been described in mammalian cells, but in rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma cell lines Vpr also caused gross cell enlargement and replication arrest [Levy, D.N., Fernandes, L.S., Williams, W.V. & Weiner, D.B. (1993) Cell 72, 541-550]. We note that there is a correlation between the region containing the H(S/F)RIG motifs and the pathogenicity of primate lentiviruses and we suggest that the function of Vpr may be to bring about cell growth arrest and/or cytoskeletal changes as an early step in HIV-1 infection.
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PMID:A domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr containing repeated H(S/F)RIG amino acid motifs causes cell growth arrest and structural defects. 770 21

Following the outbreak of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection in the early 1980's, there has been an increase in reported cases of Kaposi's sarcoma, among other childhood malignancies, from the East and Central African region. To assess the status of childhood cancers at Kenyatta National Hospital during the AIDS epidemic period and to compare the findings with those obtained before the outbreak, relevant data were extracted from ward admission registers for all children admitted in the paediatric wards and in whom a diagnosis of a malignant disease was confirmed. The data were summarised in tables and bar charts. The hospital based prevalence for malignant diseases was 1.27% (CI = 1.23,1.31). Lymphoma (51.3%), leukaemia (21.3%), nephroblastoma (8.5%) and rhabdomyosarcoma (5.2%) are the most common childhood cancers. Compared with earlier studies, the frequency of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Hodgkin's disease and rhabdomyosarcoma appear to have increased. Despite the AIDS epidemic, there has been no obvious increase in number of cases of Kaposi's sarcoma.
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PMID:Childhood cancers in a referral hospital in Kenya: a review. 899 44

Infectious pseudotumors are tumor-like growths caused by specific microbial organisms. Proliferating histiocytes in these lesions may show atypical cytology with nuclear pleomorphism and increased mitotic activity, erroneously suggestive of malignancies including carcinoma, sarcoma, and lymphoma. Specific and nonspecific immunohistochemical staining profiles may lead to the consideration of a wide range of benign and malignant neoplastic processes. Two such cases are reported. The first is an obstructive endotracheal mass in an AIDS patient caused by Rhodococcus equi infection. The proliferating histiocyes were cytologically atypical with deeply eosinophlic granular cytoplasm leading to the consideration of oncocytic carcinoma, Hurthle cell carcinoma, and pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. The second case is a nasal mass with a microscopic and immunohistochemical profile suggestive of chordoma and paraganglioma. Special microbial stains revealed intracellular bacilli consistent with Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. In both cases, microbial virulence factors affecting phagocytosis prolonged their intracellular survival and resulted in active histiocytic proliferation. It is of importance that the surgical pathologist be conscious that some infectious processes can clinically and microscopically mimic malignant neoplasms. Accurately identifying these lesions and the specific causative agent is of particular significance since they can be successfully treated with antibiotics.
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PMID:Infectious pseudotumors: red herrings in head and neck pathology. 2243 Jul 71