Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035078 (renal failure)
 31,970 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urinary beta 2-microglobulin, albumin, IgG, Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein, and glycoprotein were determined on PBD 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 27. It was found that the amount of albumin was double that of normal in patients with burn extent of 30%-50% TBSA, while IgG showed no change. In patients with over 50% TBSA burns, Alb was five-fold and IgG four-fold of normal. They probably indicated the degree of damage to the glomeruli. In 27 patients with infection, beta 2-m was increased, indicating damage to the proximal convoluted tubules. Glycoprotein showed a tendency to increase in moderate and severe burns, while it was markedly reduced in very large burns or renal failure, indicating damage to the ascending limb of thick medullary loop. The changes in the amount of urinary protein were more sensitive in reflecting early functional changes of the kidney.
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PMID:[Monitoring of renal function in burn patients with radioimmunological evaluation]. 130 61

In recent years, a clinical syndrome comprising carpal tunnel syndrome, destructive spondylarthropathy, and cystic bone lesions has been recognized in the long-term hemodialysis patients. It is well known that the amyloid deposits have been found in these affected tissues and also beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) has been identified as an amyloidgenic protein. But, those problems such as the mechanisms of amyloidgenesis from beta 2-MG in vivo and the subchondral bone cysts formation are not clarified yet. If it becomes clear, it will give us a very useful information of therapeutic and prophylactic considerations to the hemodialysis related arthropathy. Since the experimental amyloidosis derived from beta 2-MG has not been reported in the past, we intended to make the experimental amyloidosis derived from beta 2-MG in rats. We have used the Sprague-Dawley strain rats (4 weeks old) and performed the 3 different procedures as follows. Procedure 1: clip renal vessels to make the experimental renal failure. Procedure 2: induce arthritis by the type II collagen induced arthritis (CIA). Procedure 3: inject beta 2-MG (10 micrograms) into the knee joint once every week for 6 weeks. We combined the above-mentioned procedures to make 5 experimental groups as follows. Group A: Procedure 1 + Procedure 3. Group B: Procedure 1 + Procedure 2. Group C: Procedure 1 + Procedure 2 + Procedure 3. Group D: Procedure 2 + Procedure 3. Group E: No treatment. After 6 weeks, they were sacrificed. We took specimens from the synovium and bone in their knee joints. First, the light microscopic specimens are stained with the Congo-red stain. When we confirmed the positive green birefringence in polarized light, we have performed the immunohistochemical stain with the monoclonal anti-amyloid P-component antibody, the anti-beta 2-MG antibody and the anti-amyloid A protein for the immunohistochemical stain subsequently. Moreover, we have used the electron microscope to confirm the amyloidfibrils in cases that the Congo-red and immunohistochemical stain of the amyloid P-component are both positive. As a result, we could confirm the amyloid fibrils in the 60% of the group C only. In this group, the amyloid deposition is observed in the inflammatory proliferated synovium in the joint as well as the subchondral bone lesion where the synovial capsule attaches to the bone. In other groups, although a certain degree of inflammation or proliferation of synovium as well as erosive changes of the joint surface are found, no amyloid deposition is confirmed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[A histological study on the synovial tissue of rat knee joints in the experimental beta 2-microglobulin derived amyloidosis]. 141 93

The acute effect of amino acid based dialysis solution on peritoneal kinetics of amino acids and plasma proteins in comparison to conventional glucose-based dialysate was studied in 9 patients with end-stage renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Instillation of 2.6% amino acid solution resulted in raised plasma concentrations of all essential amino acids included in the dialysis fluid (p less than 0.005). The amino acid solution induced an augmented leakage of plasma proteins into the dialysate at all dwell times investigated (1-8 h). After a dwell time at 8 h, the dialysate total protein increased from 2.62 +/- 0.45 g with glucose dialysate to 3.85 +/- 0.42 g with amino acid solution (p less than 0.05). Corresponding results were obtained for beta 2-microglobulin, albumin, transferrin, IgG, and for the non-essential amino acids alanine, citrulline, and glutamine (p less than 0.025) not included in the initial amino acid composition of the dialysis fluid. During the use of amino acid based dialysis fluid, the effluent prostaglandin E2 concentration increased by more than 80% in comparison to glucose dialysate (p less than 0.025). The augmented loss of proteins induced by the amino acid solution was positively correlated with increased dialysate prostaglandin E2 (r = 0.8894; p less than 0.001). Peritoneal ultrafiltration was not affected by the use of amino acid based dialysate fluid. The present results indicate that amino acid based dialysis fluid enhances the peritoneal permeability for plasma proteins and amino acids, probably mediated by locally generated prostanoids.
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PMID:Effect of amino acid based dialysis solution on peritoneal permeability and prostanoid generation in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 141 67

Bone and joint pathology in patients undergoing long-term dialysis for end-stage renal failure is presented in the light of typical cases and a brief review of the literature. Osteomalacia with bone pain and fractures is caused mainly by aluminium overload due to enteral uptake from aluminium-containing phosphate binders. This is why calcium acetate or calcium carbonate should be used exclusively to lower enteral phosphate reabsorption. If--due to hypercalcemia--aluminium containing phosphate binders--cannot be entirely avoided, they should never be administered together with citrate (citrate-containing medication, fruit juice, etc.), which chelates aluminium and thereby massively increases enteral aluminium uptake. Secondary hyperparathyroidism with overt radiologically demonstrable bone disease develops in many patients on long-term dialysis despite efforts to maintain plasma calcium within or slightly above the upper normal range and concomitant treatment with calcitriol. Intravenous administration of relatively high-dose calcitriol or 1-alpha-OH-D3 (neither readily available at the present time), as well as the newly developed experimental vitamin D analogs such as 22-oxa-(OH)2-D3, which appear to suppress the parathyroid glands without increasing enteral calcium reabsorption, may in future reduce the high incidence of parathyroidectomy in patients on maintenance dialysis. beta 2-microglobulin amyloidosis is a new disease entity which develops in the majority of long-term dialysis patients. Apart from carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger fingers and tendon ruptures, it is associated with acute and chronic painful erosive arthropathy with joint effusions and fractures, particularly around the hip, due to cystic bone lesions where bone is replaced by nodular amyloid deposits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bone and joint problems in long-term dialysis]. 159 6

Renal failure has been reported recently as a late complication of glycogen storage disease type I (GSD I). We studied the renal function of 23 patients, mean age 10.9 years (range 2.2-21.6 years). The mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were 188 +/- 50 and 927 +/- 292 ml/min per 1.73 m2, respectively (normal values for adult controls 90-145 and 327-697, respectively). Hyperfiltration (GFR greater than 145 ml/min per 1.73 m2) was found in 19 of 23 patients. There was no difference in GFR and ERPF between age groups 2-10 and 11-22 years. After a mean follow-up of 2.5 years (range 1-7.5 years) GFR and ERPF did not significantly change. At follow-up 3 patients (all older than 15 years) developed persistent glomerular proteinuria (0.1, 0.5 and 0.9 g/day). Besides a slight increase in fractional excretion of beta 2-microglobulin (FE-beta 2m) in 6 patients, proximal tubular function tests (FE-beta 2m, tubular reabsorption of phosphate and glucosuria) were normal. In patients with increased kidney length related to body height, GFR and ERPF were significantly higher than in patients with normal kidney length. We conclude that GSD I is characterised by hyperfiltration and hyperperfusion. The relative increment in kidney length is related to the degree of hyperfiltration.
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PMID:Renal function and kidney size in glycogen storage disease type I. 161 30

Long-term haemodialysis is frequently complicated by amyloid deposition in which the fibrils consist of beta 2-microglobulin. Dialysis-related amyloid disease causes extensive morbidity and has been associated with deaths in some cases. All amyloid deposits contain amyloid P component that is derived from the normal circulating protein, serum amyloid P component (SAP). We have used scintigraphic imaging after injection of 123I-labelled SAP to assess the distribution of amyloidosis in 38 patients receiving long-term haemodialysis for end-stage renal failure. There was focal localisation of tracer at all sites where histological examination confirmed amyloid deposition. Splenic uptake was seen in 12 patients, indicating splenic amyloidosis, but there was no evidence of other visceral involvement. 6 control subjects who had been dialysed for under 1.5 years showed no localisation of tracer, nor was there any uptake of 123I-labelled human serum albumin in 3 long-term dialysis patients with histologically confirmed amyloidosis and positive 123I-SAP images. Negative scans were also obtained in 5 patients who had been transplanted 0.8-2.4 years previously, despite past evidence of dialysis arthropathy (5) and histologically proven amyloidosis (4). 123I-SAP scintigraphy may be helpful as a non-invasive method for both the diagnosis and monitoring of dialysis-associated amyloidosis.
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PMID:Imaging of haemodialysis-associated amyloidosis with 123I-serum amyloid P component. 168 97

In 24 patients with terminal renal failure the concentrations were determined of beta 2-microglobulin, prealbumin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, antithrombin III, plasminogen, transferrin, C3c and Cr complement components in the serum before and after haemodialysis. A statistically significant rise of concentrations of these proteins was found. It is thought that this rise was due mainly to haemoconcentration, while the contact with dialysing membranes is less important.
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PMID:[Effect of hemodialysis on the concentration of beta 2-microglobulin and acute phase proteins in the serum of patients with chronic renal failure]. 169 43

The urinary proteins of 40 patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy from the Tuzla region were examined using ultrathin-layer SDS pore-gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in combination with silver staining. The typical urinary protein spectrum contained immunoglobulin G, Tamm-Horsfall protein, transferrin, albumin, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m), immunoglobulin light chains, retinol-binding protein, and alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1m). Densitometric measurements were used to derive glomerular tubular protein ratios (GTPR) and to characterize protein excretion patterns in the 28 patients who excreted more than 150 mg/liter of protein. Results showed that proteinuria of Balkan nephropathy is predominantly tubular, consisting of low-molecular-weight species. The most commonly identified proteins were alpha 1m, light chains, retinol binding protein, and beta 2m. The pattern of proteinuria based on GTPR did not correlate with the underlying histology or the degree of renal failure. These findings, using the ultrathin-layer SDS pore-gradient method of protein separation, more accurately demonstrates the low-molecular-weight proteinuria characteristic for the early stages of BEN.
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PMID:Renal function, protein excretion, and pathology of Balkan endemic nephropathy. II. Protein excretion. 176 36

In a group of 136 completely followed up patients with multiple myeloma, the prognostic significance of the immunological myeloma types, of 20 different single prognostic factors, of 15 clinical staging systems, and of 6 morphological classifications was retrospectively investigated by means of the calculation of mean survivals, survival curves, and responses to chemotherapy. A univariate analysis was employed in order to correlate each prognostic parameter at presentation with the survival in the whole group; a multivariate analysis according to the Cox's hazards regression model was used in order to select the most powerful prognostic variables. The patients were grouped according to the myeloma immunological types, to the mean value of each single prognostic factor, and to each stage of the clinical and morphological systems. Causes of death were also related to immunological multiple myeloma types. All single variables, except age and serum calcium, presented a significant relationship with the survival, even if at different significance levels. Cox's regression model selected among them, serum levels of beta 2-microglobulin, percentage of bone marrow plasma cells, hemoglobinemia, lytic bone lesions, and Bence-Jones proteinuria as the most significant factors related to survival. Each clinical and morphological staging system divided groups of patients with significant differences in mean survivals, or in survival curves, or in response to therapy. Multiple myeloma type IgA and micromolecular, with Bence-Jones proteinuria, and type lambda were associated with a poor prognosis, with low therapeutical response, and with the development of fatal renal failure. All these parameters, together with new prognostic factors, are useful in the prognostic evaluation, and, when applied in different steps of the diagnosis and the therapy, allow of studying the clinical course of multiple myeloma under different perspectives, in order to have a more complete picture of the disease and of the single patient.
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PMID:Classification and prognostic evaluation in multiple myeloma. A retrospective study of relationship of survivals and responses to chemotherapy to immunological types, 20 single prognostic factors, 15 clinical staging systems, and 6 morphological classifications. 192 60

Elevated serum concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA) and procollagen III amino terminal propeptide (PIIINP) have been found in various diseases characterized by altered metabolism of collagen. In the present study, their serum levels were measured in 105 renal patients and 22 normal controls. Median HA concentrations were 23 micrograms/l in controls, 47 micrograms/l in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF, not on dialysis; p less than 0.001), 75 micrograms/l on CAPD (p less than 0.001) vs. controls, p = 0.045 vs. CRF), and 167 micrograms/l on hemodialysis (p less than 0.001 vs. controls, CRF, and CAPD), respectively. The values correlated positively with age but not with renal function or the type of renal disease. In hemodialysis patients, HA correlated with the duration of renal replacement therapy and serum beta 2-microglobulin but not with serum alkaline phosphatase or C-terminal parathormone. Serum HA did not change significantly during hemodialysis treatment and was independent of the type of dialyzer membrane material. Median PIIINP values were 2.7 micrograms/l in controls, 4.4 micrograms/l in patients with CRF (p less than 0.001), 6.9 micrograms/l on CAPD (p less than 0.001 vs. controls, p = 0.022 vs. CRF), and 8.6 micrograms/l on hemodialysis (p = 0.001 vs. controls, NS vs. CRF or CAPD). Values correlated with HA only in patients on CAPD but they did not correlate with age, renal function or duration of renal replacement therapy. It is concluded that renal failure, especially long-term dialysis treatment, is associated with elevated serum concentrations of HA and--to a minor degree--PIINP. Thus, they may be a sign of altered connective tissue metabolism in patients on long-term dialysis.
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PMID:Serum hyaluronic acid and procollagen III amino terminal propeptide in chronic renal failure. 196 67


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