Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0035078 (renal failure)
 31,970 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Linoleic acid (LA) transport in rats with experimental short-term and long-term renal failure (RF) was compared with that of sham-operated normal animals on liberal food intake and pair-fed animals. The perfusions in vivo and incubations in vitro were conducted using a micellar solution containing a wide range of LA concentrations. Both absorption in vivo and uptake in vitro of LA were significantly reduced in animals with short-term RF. Lipid extraction and separation by thin-layer chromatography revealed a marked LA trapping as trilinolein (TL) in the perfused intestinal tissue in the short-term RF group. The esterification process, as defined by the rate of LA incorporation into TL, was moderately reduced in short-term RF animals. The thickness of the unstirred water layer showed no significant difference among the groups studied. In contrast, animals with long-term RF exhibited normal absorption of LA in vivo at all concentrations tested. In conclusion, LA absorption is reduced in short-term RF and restored in long-term RF. Several steps including LA transport into and TL transport out of the enterocyte and the esterification process were impaired in short-term RF. These changes are not due to alteration in the unstirred water layer, anorexia, weight loss or a rapid effect of uraemic chemical environment or circulatory factors.
 ...
PMID:Intestinal absorption of linoleic acid in experimental renal failure. 177 71

Human recombinant erythropoietin is of proven value in the treatment of the anaemia of renal failure. The aluminium content of 36 ampoules of water for injection supplied for use with recombinant erythropoietin has been measured and ranged from 24 to 450 micrograms/l, with a median of 251 micrograms/l. In three samples, which may have been contaminated on opening, the range was from 1770 to 6160 micrograms/l. In Water for Injection BP, values ranged from 66 to 140 micrograms/l with a median of 99 micrograms/l. Reconstituted erythropoietin did not contain any more aluminium than could be accounted for by the water. Ampoules of a second brand of erythropoietin, supplied already in solution, contained from 506 to 837 micrograms/l aluminium (median 682 micrograms/l). In view of the lifelong duration of erythropoietin therapy clinicians and pharmaceutical companies should be aware of this potential problem. Although the amount of aluminium delivered with each injection is usually less than 4 micrograms, it is suggested that active steps are taken to establish a British Pharmacopoeia limit on the aluminium content of injections.
 ...
PMID:Aluminium content of water for injection used with recombinant human erythropoietin. 177 51

Cholera asiatic is an acute infection of the intestinal tract through Vibrio cholerae bacteria causing diarrhea, dehydration, and kidney failure. It was discovered by Robert Koch in 1883 on his study trip in Egypt. Transmission is mostly through drinking of contaminated water and sometimes by consumption of infected food such as seafood. Cholera originates from southeast Asia, mainly India where it already appeared in ancient times. It spread from India in pandemic waves in the last few centuries throughout the world up to 1923 in Europe. Epidemics were nonetheless registered in India, China, Japan, Iran, and Egypt (1947). There was a pandemic in Peru in 1991 (caused by hyperinflation-induced malnutrition, contaminated water, and untreated sewage pouring into the sea) that also affected the neighboring countries, and small epidemics among Kurdish refugees and Bangladeshi catastrophe victims. On June 5, 1981 the deaths by atypical pneumonia of 5 homosexual men were reported to the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia, which was the beginning of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic caused by HIV. WHO's latest figures indicated a total of 366,455 AIDS patients in 162 countries, but a higher estimate of 1.4 million was more likely. As of April 1991 and estimated 8-10 million adults were infected with HIV, 6 million of them in Africa, south of the Sahel. In the next century 15-20% of the working population will die of AIDS leaving behind 10 million orphans. Tuberculosis has also been activated as an opportunistic disease of HIV infection. Up to 55% of African TB patients were also infected with HIV. Some predict that the AIDS pandemic will equalize the population growth by an average of 300,000 deaths/year.
 ...
PMID:[Epidemics return and new ones are added]. 178 18

Atrial natriuretic peptide has been considered to be a major regulator in the body's water and salt homeostasis. Antagonizing those mechanisms leading to volume retention and overload (renin, angiotensin, aldosterone), ANP has been suggested to play a critical role in the pathology of certain diseases like renal failure, congestive heart failure or hypertension. In this regard, we measured ANP plasma concentration in normal healthy dogs and dogs with renal failure, congestive heart failure and Cushing syndrome. ANP levels were slightly decreased in dogs with Cushing disease (n = 9; 5.5 +/- 2 fmol/ml), increased in renal failure (n = 7; 16.2 +/- 5.8 fmol/ml, p less than 0.05) and markedly augmented in dogs with congestive heart failure (n = 14; 52.9 +/- 29.75 fmol/ml, p less than 0.01) as compared to healthy dogs (n = 6; 8.3 +/- 3.5 fmol/ml). Furthermore, characterization of the measured immunoreactivity (IR-ANP) revealed, that up to 50% of the IR-ANP in dogs with congestive heart failure corresponds to the ANP precursor molecule, not found in healthy subjects. This fact might present one possible explanation for the attenuated response to ANP in congestive heart failure. In addition, this finding may also serve a diagnostical purpose.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnostic possibilities of ANP blood measurements in dogs]. 182 66

Hypertension results from abnormalities of the control systems that normally regulate blood pressure. These control systems include vascular, cardiogenic, renal, neurogenic, and endocrine mechanisms that interact in a complex but integrated manner to achieve blood pressure homeostasis. Multiple endogenous biologically active substances participate in the regulation of these control systems. Evidence suggests that abnormalities of these regulatory mechanisms resulting from altered genetic and environmental interactions play an important role in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension. Once hypertension develops, it tends to be self-perpetuating via amplifying mechanisms mediated by secondary structural changes in the blood vessels, heart, and kidney. These adaptative structural changes amplify and perpetuate hypertension by increasing systemic vascular resistance, enhancing cardiac output, and impairing renal sodium and water excretion. The long-term sequelae of hypertensive structural changes in these end organs are complications of atherosclerotic vascular disease, cardiac hypertrophy and failure, stroke, and renal failure. With the tools of molecular biology, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these abnormalities has increased enormously and continues to grow at a rapid pace, as illustrated by the discussion that follows. Our review of the molecular biology of hypertension will address systematically four key areas: 1) molecular biology of the control systems, 2) molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular structural changes, 3) genetics of hypertension, and 4) application of transgenic technology in studies of hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Molecular biology of hypertension. 183 15

In 12 patients with acute non-inflammatory renal failure (ANRF) and in 21 healthy persons the relationship was studied between the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system and vasopressin secretion. The study was carried out during the so called bed rest test and during water immersion (WI) after captopril-induced blockade of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. The results of these experiments suggest the absence of a close functional relationship between the activity of the RAA system and vasopressin secretion in patients with ANRF and in healthy controls.
 ...
PMID:The activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system and vasopressin secretion in patients with acute non-inflammatory renal failure. 184 99

The prevalence of hypertension increases with age. The majority of the hypertensive population is over age 55. Although the treatment of systolic hypertension remains incompletely understood, the reduction of diastolic hypertension with pharmacotherapy has been shown to reduce complications from hypertension in persons over age 55. The older hypertensive patient is at risk for the same complications as the younger patient: angina, myocardial infarction, arteriosclerosis obliterans, stroke, myocardial hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, and renal failure; the risk of sudden death and multi-infarct dementia in the older patient may be somewhat higher. The older hypertensive individual may have reduced plasma volume and defective salt and water conservation, reduced renal function, impairment of baroreceptor reflexes and sympathetic reactivity, and altered drug pharmacokinetics, or may have arteriosclerosis leading to pseudohypertension. Many circumstances interfere with adequate compliance with therapeutic regimens among the elderly. Concomitant medical conditions increase the possibility of drug interactions and require that the practitioner be able to adjust the antihypertensive program to the patient.
 ...
PMID:Treatment considerations for the hypertensive patient over age 55. 189 46

We previously reported that long-term omega-3 fatty acid deficiency is associated with increased water intake in rhesus monkeys. To determine whether the increase was specific to water, intakes of salt solutions were measured in 15-minute single-bottle tests. Deficient monkeys drank at least twice as much of all NaCl concentrations as controls. Overall intake decreased as salt concentration increased. In 2-bottle preference tests, deficient monkeys again drank more total fluid but neither preferred nor avoided normal saline compared to controls. When deprived of water, deficient monkeys concentrated urine as well as controls, demonstrating that the increased intake was not a result of renal failure or diabetes insipidus. Omega-3 fatty acids have roles both in neural membrane function and in metabolism of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids. Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency may affect drinking through changes in one or both of these functions.
 ...
PMID:Increased intake of water and NaCl solutions in omega-3 fatty acid deficient monkeys. 189 94

Continuous haemofiltration (CHF) mimics physiological glomerular filtration. Blood flows through a haemofilter, which is permeable to water and to all those substances not bound to plasma proteins, of up to about 6,000 d molecular weight. Ten to twenty liters of ultrafiltrate (UF) can be filtered daily. Solute concentration in this UF is very similar to that in plasma water. Because of the large volumes involved, the UF must be replaced continuously with an electrolyte solution. Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances can thus be easily and rapidly corrected. There are different techniques of CHF. Continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration (CAVH) avoids the use of an external blood pump, as the patient's own arterial pressure is used to drive the blood through the filter via a large-bore arterial catheter. On the other hand, continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH) requires the use of a blood pump with a pressure alarm and an air bubble detector. Supplementary diffusive transport [CAVH(D),CVVH(D)] can improve the clearance of low molecular weight toxins, such as urea. In these techniques, there is a continuous flow of dialysate in the UF compartment of the haemofilter. One of the major problems with CHF is the anticoagulation of patients who are at risk of developing haemorrhagic complications. Unfractionated heparin is used most often, but other drugs have been used: low molecular weight heparin, prostacyclin, nafamostat, or sodium citrate. The neutralization of heparin has also been suggested. Because the fluid balance can be easily managed by CHF, patients in acute renal failure can be given standard intravenous feeding. Many small endogenous molecules, such as gastrin, are probably removed by CHF. However, most drugs have a molecular weight less than 6,000 d, and are not totally protein-bound. They are therefore likely to be ultrafiltered, and so, become inefficient. As a result, the drugs used should be adapted to the haemofilter, and vice versa. More than any extracorporeal circulation, CHF increases the incidence of bacterial blood contamination, because of its continuous use. Routine blood cultures should be carried out. Moreover, blood is cooled during its passage in the extracorporeal circuit, leading to hypothermia. There are some devices which prevent this. Renal function can be completely replaced with the production of 12 to 15 l UF a day. CHF must be started early on in the course of the renal failure. When the concentration of blood urea is greater than 40 mmol.l-1 diffuse transport must also be used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Continuous hemofiltration: an extrarenal filtration method used in intensive care]. 192 60

Renal failure is a common sequela of mass casualty, particularly when crush injury is involved. Traditional management of renal failure with hemodialysis equipment may be difficult or inaccessible due to lack of electricity and water supply or damage to existing equipment. Furthermore, a sudden new population of renal failure patients may overwhelm an existing dialysis program. The rapid mobilization of traditional hemodialysis equipment may be delayed due to limited supply, manufacturing delays, or inventory shortages. For these reasons, we propose the use of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration with dialysis (CAVH-D) as an alternative renal support modality for the mass casualty situation.
 ...
PMID:Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration with dialysis (CAVH-D): an alternative to hemodialysis in the mass casualty situation. 195 83


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>