Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0035078 (renal failure)
 31,970 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Standard care for patients with renal failure while in an intensive care unit involves traditional hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis and protein restriction. We present a case of a patient with renal failure supported with continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration with dialysis (CAVH-D) who was given full protein alimentation. Total daily urea clearance was measured from the CAVH-D output. Protein load was 196 +/- 34 g/day while receiving total parenteral nutrition and 164 +/- 30 g/day while receiving enteral alimentation. Serum blood urea nitrogen was controlled between 40 and 75 mg/dL, except during septic episodes. Nitrogen balance was estimated based upon known alimentation protein load and measurable and estimated nitrogenous losses. The patient was potentially in nitrogen equilibrium during most of the dialysis period. The cumulative nitrogen balance was positive by 5.2 g after 67 days of dialysis. Volume of alimentation was 3.49 +/- 0.7 liters/day. With CAVH-D, the renal failure patient can receive full alimentation without volume or protein load limitations. Furthermore, nitrogen balances can be estimated easily while the patient is on CAVH-D.
 ...
PMID:Full protein alimentation and nitrogen equilibrium in a renal failure patient treated with continuous hemodiafiltration: a case report of 67 days of continuous hemodiafiltration. 164 Jun 38

Administration of recombinant human growth hormone stimulates protein synthesis, decreases urea generation, and improves nitrogen balance in individuals with normal renal function. However, little information is available concerning the effects of growth hormone in patients with renal disease. This pilot study evaluated urea kinetics and clinical/metabolic responses to short-term growth hormone administration in five clinically stable adult patients requiring maintenance hemodialysis for end-stage renal failure. The dialysis prescription, medications, and oral calorie and protein intake of each patient remained constant during an initial control week and a subsequent 2-wk growth hormone treatment period. During treatment, growth hormone (5 or 10 mg) was administered s.c. immediately after each dialysis session. Protein and calorie intake, vital signs, body weight, and other clinical parameters remained stable throughout the 3-wk study. BUN values fell significantly (approximately 20 to 25%) during growth hormone administration compared with control week values. Similarly, urea kinetic modeling demonstrated a significant reduction in urea generation and the protein catabolic rate during each week of growth hormone treatment. Plasma insulin-like growth factor I levels rose significantly, and serum phosphorus and intact parathyroid hormone levels fell significantly during growth hormone administration. Serum glucose and other blood values remained stable. This preliminary study suggests that growth hormone administration reduces urea generation and improves the efficiency of dietary protein utilization in stable adult hemodialysis patients. Growth hormone may be a useful adjunctive therapy to diminish body protein catabolism in this patient population.
 ...
PMID:Effects of recombinant human growth hormone in adults receiving maintenance hemodialysis. 177 93

To investigate the effects of aluminium hydroxide (AH), a phosphate binder, on the progress of chronic renal diseases, high doses (9.6 g/kg/day, group ADR-H), moderate doses (2.4 g/kg/day, group ADR-M), and low doses (1.2 g/kg/day, group ADR-L) of the compound, were orally administered for 34 weeks to rats with Adriamycin (ADR)-induced focal glomerular sclerosis. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were significantly lower in either group ADR-H or ADR-M than in group ADR at week 34. Urinary protein excretion was significantly lower in group ADR-H than in group ADR in all observation periods and was also lower in group ADR-M than in group ADR at weeks 28 and 32. Both glomerular sclerosis and tubular change were significantly less severe in group ADR-H, while tubular change was less marked in group ADR-M than in group ADR. These results revealed that phosphate depletion was induced, and progressive renal failure was ameliorated in proportion to the dosing of AH. On the other hand, body weight was significantly smaller in group ADR-H than in group ADR in more than half of the observation period. In conclusion, a high dose of AH may adversely affect the nutritional state irrespective of having an extremely protective effect on progress of renal dysfunction. Appropriate doses of AH should be used to prevent the renal deterioration.
 ...
PMID:Effect of different doses of aluminium hydroxide on renal deterioration and nutritional state in experimental chronic renal failure. 177 37

Recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH), 1 U/kg body weight/week, was administered subcutaneously for 2-4 weeks to two end stage renal disease patients with severe malnutrition. Following r-hGH, there were significant increase in hematocrit level and serum concentration of albumin, IGF-1 and GH, and decrease of urea nitrogen. It was concluded that r-hGH exerts a therapeutic effect to nutritional status in renal failure patients by improving severe hypoalbuminemia, susceptibility to infectious disease, intractable ascites and so on.
 ...
PMID:[Improvement of malnutrition indices in adult patients with end stage renal disease by recombinant human growth hormone]. 180 66

Pathophysiological and therapeutic properties of anemia in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) were investigated. Both anemia and chronic inflammation were induced in rats by a single injection of Freund's complete adjuvant. This study confirmed other earlier data that these anemic rats with AA had reduced serum iron levels and that the anemia was characterized as mild, non-progressive, hypochromic, microcytic. In addition, our studies showed that these anemic rats had slightly but significantly enhanced erythropoietin titers, but not renal failure; there was no significant difference in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in anemic and normal groups. The anemia in rats with AA was improved by recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) at 30 and 100 U/kg/day, given i.v. for 5 days. In contrast, iron-chondroitin-sulfate colloid (10 mg/kg/day, i.v. for 5 days) failed to improve the anemia and to enhance the effects of r-HuEPO. These data suggest that anemia in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis is distinguished, pathophysiologically and therapeutically, from iron deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia, and renal anemia.
 ...
PMID:Recombinant human erythropoietin, but not iron supplementation, improves anemia in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. 181 58

Multiple linear regression techniques were utilized to determine models for the renal clearance and urinary excretion rate of furosemide. Models for the renal clearance were formulated based on data collected from the literature. The best model predicted that the weight-normalized renal clearance was a function of the weight-normalized creatinine clearance, with coefficient values dependent on the presence or absence of heart, liver, and/or kidney failure. The predictive performance of this model was evaluated using a separate verification data set, and, prospectively, for a group of cardiac patients. The urinary excretion rate of furosemide is the primary determinate of response. Models for the furosemide excretion rate were formulated from data collected prospectively from a group of patients with cardiac disease. The best model predicted that the dose-normalized morning urinary excretion rate was a function of the blood urea nitrogen concentration (BUN), with modifications for the presence of liver failure and/or decompensated heart failure. The oral dosage required to produce a clinically optimal furosemide excretion rate in cardiac patients without liver disease was dose (mg) = 42.1/(0.925-0.0151 BUN).
 ...
PMID:Multiple linear regression modeling of furosemide renal clearance and urinary excretion rate. 181 62

A new murine mutation, hairpatches (Hpt), is on chromosome 4, 18.1 recombination units distal to brown near the interferon alpha and beta chain structural gene complex. On the inbred HPT/Le strain background, Hpt is semi-dominant, and Hpt/Hpt mice die in utero by 6 to 8 days of gestation. Such death in utero is associated with abnormalities of embryonic ectodermal derivatives. However on the (C57BL/6J x C3HeB/FeJ-a/a) segregating hybrid background, Hpt is a fully dominant mutation. HPT/Le Hpt/+ mice can be recognized by 3 to 4 days of age by patches of lightly pigmented skin. These mice show reduced numbers of hair follicles, abnormalities in hair follicle structure, and patchy absence of hair throughout life. By 2 weeks of age, abnormal hair follicle development is accompanied by thickening of the epidermis, reduction in levels of subcutaneous fat, and dermal inflammation. Progressive glomerulosclerosis, resulting in chronic kidney failure, is accompanied by increases in glomerular mesangial matrix, deposition of immune complexes, and glomerular enlargement. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed abnormalities of podocytes including disorganization, swelling, and fusion of the foot processes. Increase in serum blood urea nitrogen levels accompanies conspicuous renal histopathologic changes. Cardiovascular changes in Hpt/+ mice are evidenced by hypertrophy of the left heart ventricle. Increased systolic blood pressure in these animals was found by 3 months of age. Anemia occurs in Hpt/+ mice by 40 weeks. The Hpt/+ mutation provides a valuable new animal model for chronic kidney disease accompanied by skin abnormalities and ventricular hypertrophy. The pathologic changes caused by this mutation are similar to those reported in affected family members with a newly described autosomal dominant human disease.
 ...
PMID:Hairpatches, a single gene mutation characterized by progressive renal disease and alopecia in the mouse. A potential model for a newly described heritable human disorder. 183 14

Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty was performed in a 63-year-old diabetic woman who had renovascular hypertension with solitary functioning kidney and diffuse atherosclerosis. Angioplasty was technically successful, while thereafter, fever and myalgia of legs occurred with gradual increases in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. The patient became uremic over a month after angioplasty and was placed on dialysis. She died six months after angioplasty. Autopsy revealed cholesterol embolization in bilateral kidney, pancreas and spleen, causing subacute renal failure. It is suggested that careful assessment of the patient should be made when determining the need for renal angioplasty for renovascular hypertension with a solitary functioning kidney.
 ...
PMID:Renal failure due to cholesterol embolization following percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. 186 75

A new autoperfusion multiorgan preparation was studied in which the heart and lungs were removed with the liver, pancreas, duodenum, and both kidneys en bloc while being perfused by the heart and oxygenated by the lungs. A respirator with 50% oxygen was used for ventilation. Fresh blood, glucose, electrolytes, mannitol, and antibiotics were given through the portal vein. Fifteen mongrel dogs were used. In the study group (seven dogs), 10 ml of plasma containing hibernation induction trigger, obtained from deeply hibernating woodchucks, was given intravenously 2 hours before the operation, and 4 ml was given every 4 hours during the preservation period. In the control group (eight dogs), no hibernation induction trigger was used. Survival time in the study group ranged from 33 to 56 hours (mean 43.4 +/- 4.1 hours), longer than that of the control group, which was 9 to 31 hours (mean 16.2 +/- 2.6 hours, p less than 0.001). In the study group aortic systolic pressure ranged from 64 +/- 5 to 92 +/- 7 mm Hg, arterial oxygen tension from 180 +/- 35 to 285 +/- 66 mm Hg. Urine output ranged from 15 to 70 ml/hour. Blood urea nitrogen declined from 15.6 +/- 2.5 to 6.6 +/- 1.3 mg/dl (p less than 0.01); creatinine declined from 0.8 +/- 0.03 to 0.3 +/- 0.01 mg/dl (p less than 0.01). Severe liver congestion and premature renal failure occurred in the control group but did not occur in the study group. In the study group one lung was transplanted after 33 hours of preservation with simultaneous contralateral pulmonary artery ligation. Good lung function was maintained after transplantation. Although the exact mechanism by which hibernation induction trigger extends tissue survival time is still not clear, its effect on organ preservation is profound. This study also produced one of the longest average survival times for organ preservation.
 ...
PMID:Two-day preservation of major organs with autoperfusion multiorgan preparation and hibernation induction trigger. A preliminary report. 186 97

The effects of each of several tannins purified from Rhei Rhizoma on serum constituents were investigated in rats with adenine-induced renal failure. Blood levels of urea nitrogen, methylguanidine (MG), and guanidinosuccinic acid (GSA) were significantly decreased in rats given (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate at a dose of 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight/day for 24 days. The creatinine (Cr) level was also significantly decreased in rats given 5 and 10 mg of this compound. A significant decrease in urea nitrogen, MG, and GSA was found in rats given 6.25 mg of procyanidin B-2 3,3'-di-O-gallate. However, unlike the former two components the administration of 12.5 mg of procyanidin C-1 3,3',3''-tri-O-gallate produced a considerable or significant increase in bLood levels of urea nitrogen, Cr, MG, and GSA. RG-tannin had a weaker overall effect on serum constituents except for GSA in comparison with the corresponding effect of (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate and 6.25 mg of procyanidin B-2 3,3'-di-O-gallate. Rhatannin tended to increase the serum nitrogen constituents.
 ...
PMID:Effects of rhubarb tannins on uremic toxins. 186 70


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>