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Query: UMLS:C0035078 (renal failure)
 31,970 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The value of conservative treatment in a case of chronic advanced renal failure was investigated in a 5-year-old girl with congenital hypoplastic kidneys. Before treatment the patient was severely anorexic and her plasma urea nitrogen was 180 mg/100 ml. Protein restriction alone was fruitless. After a transitional period on total parenteral therapy the patient was put on a maintenance oral diet, where an energy-rich diet was supplemented with essential amino acids including histidine. Plasma urea nitrogen dropped and stayed at about 50 mg/100 ml during the whole treatment in spite of a rising plasma creatinine from 10 to 24 mg/100 ml. The general condition of the patient normalized as she went into an anabolic state with weight gain and growth in height. The nitrogen balance studied in two different periods was positive. An acute attack of pancreatitis, secondary to hyperparathyroidism, ended the patient's life after 22 months of treatment.
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PMID:Essential amino acids in the treatment of advanced uremia: twenty-two months' experience in a 5-year-old girl. 81 Jul 64

Renal failure developed in 20 patients following blunt civilian trauma. Ten recovered normal renal function; 8 currently survive. Survivors and nonsurvivors did not differ in age, time from trauma to anuria, mean blood urea nitrogen or creatinine level prior to the first or to subsequent dialyses. However, there was an increased incidence of sepsis and liver failure in those who died. When outcome was related to site of injury, patients with closed head injury and/or intra-abdominal injury had a worse prognosis than those with thoracic or extremity injury only. Only 2 patients with perforated bowel survived; both had peritoneal dialysis combined with peritoneal lavage with antibiotic solutions. Mortality in patients with posttraumatic renal failure remains high; however, death is usually a result of associated complications rather than a result of the renal failure. Aggressive management of other complications of the trauma, especially sepsis or potential sepsis, is necessary. We recommend peritoneal dialysis combined with peritoneal antibiotic lavage where there is a potential for posttraumatic intra-abdominal sepsis associated with renal failure.
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PMID:Acute renal failure following blunt civilian trauma. 84 28

A 45-year-old man treated for pulmonary tuberculosis with daily drug therapy, including rifampin, developed acute renal failure manifested by ebinophilia, skin rash, and increased serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. The renal failure was marked by a prolonged course and incomplete recovery. Renal biopsy showed tubulointerstitial nephritis with nonspecific glomerular mesangial proliferation. Fluorescence staining showed the presence of IgG, IgA, AgM, and C3 deposits in glomeruli, as well as IgE deposits along the tubules. This report describes a new hazard of rifampin therapy that might have developed, in part, because of coexisting hepatic dysfunction.
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PMID:Prolonged renal failure after rifampin. 87 92

In rats with mild renal failure produced by a 2/3 nephrectomy on one side followed by a total nephrectomy on the other, ingestion of a high (10 mg/kg) iodine diet for two months resulted in thyromegaly, high serum iodine levels and a good correlation between thyroid weight and serum iodine (r = 0.75, P less than 0.01) or thyroid weight and blood urea nitrogen (r = 0.745, P less than 0.01). Iodine may potentiate the effects of unidentified gointrogens that accumulate in rats with renal failure. Since the serum iodine levels were higher in the animals with renal failure, it is also possible that iodine alone may have been responsible for the observed differences in thyroid weight.
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PMID:The role of iodine in the pathogenesis of thyroid enlargement in rats with chronic renal failure. 90 75

Forty consecutive patients who underwent open-heart procedures using a hyperosmolar perfusion prime were studied to determine the significance of free-water clearance and urinary osmolality early after bypass in predicting the likelihood of postoperative renal dysfunction, defined as a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level over 50 mg/100 ml. Urinary osmolality increased in all patients during the first 18 hours after bypass, but the increase was substantially less for those who subsequently developed renal dysfunction. Free-water clearance, which was significantly less negative in the patients with renal dysfunction by 2 hours after bypass and remained so throughout the 18 hours of this study, served as an early postoperative indicator of impaired renal function in the patients who eventually developed BUN elevation. Moreover, it was more sensitive as an index of renal dysfunction than was osmolality alone. Early recognition of renal impairment is important, as it may prevent dangerous fluid overloading and allow for corrective measures to be undertaken before frank renal failure develops.
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PMID:Urinary osmolal changes in renal dysfunction following open-heart operations. 93 37

Sublethal doses of vincristine (VNC) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered simultaneously to adult male mice resulted in markedly enhanced mortality. All of 10 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa tested, 4 of 7 strains of Bacteroides, and 6 of 10 strains of Listeria monocytogenes were able to substitute for purified LPS in enhancing mortality in VNC-treated mice. Inoculation of mice with each of 10 strains of Pseudomonas, each of 7 strains of Bacteroides, and about half of the 10 strains of Listeria tested elicited increased resistance to the lethal action of purified LPS. The patterns of responses of mice receiving a lethal combination of 2 mg of LPS/kg and 1 mg of VNC/kg resembled those of mice receiving a lethal dose of 10 mg of VNC/kg alone or 15 mg of LPS/kg alone with respect to (i) serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase activity, (ii) hematocrit values, and (iii) thrombocytopenia. The patterns of responses of mice receiving a lethal combination of LPS and VNC resembled those of mice receiving a lethal dose of LPS alone with respect to (i) hypothermia, (ii) retention of sulfobromophthalein, (iii) fibrinogen level, (iv) prothrombin activity, (v) blood urea nitrogen levels, and (vi) time of death. These data are consistent with the proposition that the combination of VNC and LPS produces a fatal renal failure. Histological studies confirmed that there was extensive renal damage in mice treated with lethal doses of LPS alone or a lethal combination of LPS and VNC.
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PMID:Enhanced toxicity for mice of combinations of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and vincristine. 94 80

Acute renal failure developed in nine of 78 patients who were subjected to hepatic artery ligation for nonresectable and extensive malignant tumor of the liver. Of those nine, six had hepatomas, one cholangiocarcinoma, one metastatic islet-cell carcinoma and one metastatic melanoma. Preoperative renal function as reflected in blood-urea-nitrogen and serum creatinine values was within normal limits. There were marked elevations of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase levels after hepatic artery ligation, an indication of massive ischemic injury of the tumor and the liver. A diagnosis of acute renal failure was established within 14 to 70 hours after hepatic artery ligation. In five patients, oliguric renal failure developed, and in four, high urinary output renal failure. In only three patients did systemic hypotension and hypovolemia precede acute renal failure. Seven of the nine patients died. Postmortem examination was done in five patients, and in only two was there evidence of renal tubular necrosis. The factors contributing to acute renal failure appear to be extensive involvement of the liver by tumor, presence of ascites and jaundice, occlusion of the portal vein and hyperuricemia. The presence of any one of the foregoing contraindicates the procedure.
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PMID:Acute renal failure after ligation of the hepatic artery. 95 59

Blood urea nitrogen and weight reduction can be accomplished in renal failure by doubling the surface area of the standard dialysis coils. This results in a reduction of time on the machine, drugs and personnel utilization.
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PMID:Three hour hemodialysis with double coil dialyzer. 107 May 19

Sequential changes in renal function were studied in a series of 114 postoperative patients who developed acute renal failure. The loss of concentrating ability, manifest by a change from strongly negative free-water clearances to values near zero, occurred 24 to 48 hours before the onset of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine elevations. In 15 patients a transient period of positive free-water clearance was documented just before these values approached zero. Criteria were proposed for early diagnosis of acute renal failure (ARF) based upon description of the temporal pattern of free-water clearance values. The loss of concentration ability occurred with decreased urinary Na+ concentration unless patients were given large amounts of saline solution prior to the development of ARF. This was followed by gradually increasing urinary Na+ concentrations. Changes in K+ concentrations were not significant until the late stage of renal failure. Recovery patterns in 46 of these patients who survived demonstrated an early return of negative free-water clearance followed by gradually decreasing BUN and serum creatinine values. During this period recovery of the ability of Na reabsorption and excretion of K+ was indicated by decreased urinary Na+ concentrations and increased urinary K+ concentrations.
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PMID:Free-water clearance patterns as predictors and therapeutic guides in acute renal failure. 112 7

The ability of short-term furosemide administration to alter intrarenal hemodynamics and to modify the clinical course of acute renal failure was assessed in six patients 2 to 9 days after the onset of acute renal failure. Following renal arterial catheterization, the intraarterial administration of furosemide at a dose of 9.6 mg/min for 30 minutes failed to improve renal function as assessed either by an increase in urine output or a decrease in serum creatinine during the 4 days after administration in the five oliguric patients. In a sixth patient with nonoliguric acute renal failure, urine volume increased with a gradual decrease in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine during the week after study. Furosemide failed to alter either mean renal blood flow or its intrarenal distribution as determined at intervals of 3 to 40 minutes after its infusion. These studies demonstrate that the short-term administration of furosemide in large doses does not improve renal hemodynamics or alter the clinical course of patients with established acute oliguric renal failure.
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PMID:Effect of intrarenal furosemide on renal function and intratenal hemodynamics in acute renal failure. 112 88


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