Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035078 (renal failure)
 31,970 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We adapted the electrophoretic method of bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) determination using neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae to separate bone and liver ALP on cellulose acetate membrane. Treatment of separator plus serum (1:8, neuraminidase 111 U/l in final) for 10 min at room temperature (25 +/- 1 degree C) and subsequent electrophoresis made it possible to quantify bone ALP activity simply and rapidly. The precision of the data was at the level of CV of 1.6% (within-day) and 4.7% (day-to-day), with recovery rates of 97-103%. The normal range of bone ALP activity depended on age and sex. Seventy-eight diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, excluding those with renal failure, were divided into two groups of those with and without osteopenia with matching of age (+/- 3 years) and sex. Bone ALP (P < 0.001) and total ALP (P < 0.05) activities and urine calcium/creatinine ratio (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in DM with osteopenia than in DM without osteopenia. Therefore, bone formation and absorption may be accelerated in DM with osteopenia in comparison with DM without osteopenia.
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PMID:Cellulose acetate electrophoretic determination of bone alkaline phosphatase activity in healthy subjects and diabetic patients with and without osteopenia. 142 53

Previous studies have shown that vinpocetine [14-ethoxycarbonyl-(3 alpha, 16 alpha-ethyl)-14,15-eburnamenine] scavenges minerals and/or metals in the soft tissues of rabbits with artificially induced arteriosclerosis. The present study was carried out to determine whether or not vinpocetine would bring about the removal of intractable tumoral calcinosis in haemodialysis patients with renal failure. After administration of 15 mg/day vinpocetine for 3-12 months in haemodialysis patients with X-ray evidence of tumoral calcinosis, calcinosis was completely eliminated in all eight cases. Serum alkaline phosphatase and bone osteocalcin concentrations tended to decrease after treatment with vinpocetine compared with before treatment. Vinpocetine thus appears to be an effective scavenger of tumoral calcinosis in haemodialysis patients with renal failure without any side-effects during treatment.
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PMID:Clinical appraisal of vinpocetine for the removal of intractable tumoral calcinosis in haemodialysis patients with renal failure. 145 24

Parameters of calcium and phosphate metabolism were measured in 27 patients with mild renal failure [glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 40-90 ml/min], 12 patients with moderate renal failure (GFR 20-39 ml/min) and in 12 healthy subjects. GFR was determined by technetium-99m diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid clearance. Intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) was measured by a sensitive immunochemiluminometric assay and somatomedin-C was determined by radioimmunoassay. Both 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and vitamin-D-binding protein were measured allowing calculation of the free 1,25(OH)2D index. By linear regression and multivariate analysis, PTH was negatively and independently correlated with GFR, plasma bicarbonate and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] while free 1,25(OH)2D was positively correlated with GFR. Increased PTH secretion and reductions in 1,25(OH)2D were present in mild renal failure patients before any changes in plasma calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate were noted. Plasma alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in mild chronic renal failure patients compared to normal subjects, possibly indicating early effects of the secondary hyperparathyroidism on the skeleton. Somatomedin-C did not correlate with the free 1,25(OH)2D index or a measure of 1,25(OH)2D production. It is concluded that the secondary hyperparathyroidism which occurs very early in the onset of chronic renal failure may be due to a reduction in the circulating concentration of 1,25(OH)2D consequent upon the renal failure. Low plasma bicarbonate and 25(OH)D also appear to be determinants of a raised PTH concentration. The compensatory increase in PTH presumably maintains extracellular calcium and phosphate levels constant but with possible deleterious effects on the skeleton.
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PMID:Determinants of intact parathyroid hormone and free 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in mild and moderate renal failure. 150 39

A prospective study of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients under high doses of corticosteroid therapy (greater than 30 mg/day prednisolone) for a five-year period elucidated some risk factors of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH). A complete survey was performed on 62 patients, of whom nine patients developed ANFH during the period of study. The risk factors in the causation of ANFH were ascertained on the basis of characteristic clinical features of SLE, a typical pattern of laboratory data at the onset of ANFH, and the mode of glucocorticosteroid administration observed from a statistical point of view. The risk factors include stomatitis, drug-induced lupus, lupus erythematosus cell positive rheumatoid arthritis, interstitial pneumonitis, and thrombocytopenic purpura (characteristic clinical features); increased total cholesterol, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and albumin/globulin; advanced renal failure (pattern abnormality of laboratory data); and a rash introduction of high-dose corticosteroid therapy (greater than or equal to 30 mg/day prednisolone) without corticosteroid preloading (mode of administration).
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PMID:Risk factors of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus under high-dose corticosteroid therapy. 155 61

Iopentol (mean dose 0.42 g I kg-1) was administered for abdominal aortography and pelvic angiography in 10 patients with advanced non-diabetic chronic renal failure (S-creatinine 672 +/- 259 mumol l-1, mean +/- SD). Renal glomerular function measured as creatinine clearance and plasma clearance of [99Tcm]-diethyl-enetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) was unchanged by iopentol, as also was urinary excretion of the renal tubular enzymes N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The elimination of iopentol from serum and urine was delayed, and detectable serum and urine concentrations were found 5 days after administration of the contrast medium. Creatine clearance was 47% higher than the corresponding renal iopentol clearance. Plasma iopentol clearance, measured as the total area under the plasma concentration curve, was 40% higher than renal iopentol clearance because of extrarenal elimination of iopentol. We conclude that abdominal aortography with iopentol can be performed without effects on renal glomerular or tubular function parameters in patients with advanced renal failure. If iopentol is used for measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in this group of patients, one should measure renal clearance, as plasma clearance overestimates GFR.
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PMID:Iopentol in patients with chronic renal failure: its effects on renal function and its use as glomerular filtration rate parameter. 159 86

rhG-CSF (recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor) promotes production and release of neutrophil from bone marrow, and it enhances neutrophil function. In this study, the pharmacokinetics, effects on neutrophil and immune functions and efficacy and safety of rhG-CSF were studied in patients with end-stage renal failure (CRF). To 9 patients with CRF; 2 patients on conservative therapy and 7 patients under regular hemodialysis, 50 micrograms/m2 rhG-CSF were administered intravenously under the schedule of single or 2 week consecutive injection. In single injection study, serial changes in plasma rhG-CSF concentration and peripheral blood cell count were examined following the administration. In consecutive injection study, plasma rhG-CSF concentration, anti-rhG-CSF antibody, peripheral blood cell counts, blood chemistry and coagulation factors, and neutrophil and immune functions were examined. As the results, 1) Half life of rhG-CSF, 2.87 +/- 0.65 hr, was about 2 times longer than that in healthy subjects, and it was not affected by hemodialysis treatment. 2) Marked increase in leukocyte and neutrophil counts and mild increase in lymphocyte count were observed during single and consecutive administration of rhG-CSF. There was no significant change in other leukocyte differentiations, RBC, or platelet count. 3) Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score increased significantly during single and consecutive administration, and other neutrophil function also improved in several patients with impaired neutrophil function. 4) Slight bone pain and increase in serum alkaline phosphatase were observed in about a half of patients during consecutive injection study. Neither antibody nor accumulation of rhG-CSF was noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The effects and pharmacokinetics of rhG-CSF on the treatment of neutropenia in patients with renal failure]. 172 29

We studied retrospectively patients with hyperparathyroidism after successful renal allotransplantation. Since 1972, 1119 transplantations have been performed in our department, and 534 patients survive with functioning grafts. Hyperparathyroidism requiring parathyroidectomy developed in 32 (5.9%). The frequency of interventions increased markedly after introduction of cyclosporine A treatment in our unit. The time between transplantation and parathyroidectomy was 22.5 months (SD 16.5, range 1-82 months). The age of the patients was 49.0 years (SD 10.5, range 17-63 years); the group consisted of 16 female and 16 male patients. All patients but two (no measurement performed) repeatedly exhibited high serum parathormone and calcium levels and therefore underwent surgery. In comparison to a control group, matched for time of transplantation, age, sex, and cause of renal failure, the patients with hyperparathyroidism had longer dialysis treatment (54.2 months, range 9-132 vs 26.9 months, range 1-72) and exhibited lower phosphate concentrations in the early posttransplantation period. Before surgery, serum chemistry was different for hyperparathyroid and control subjects: serum calcium 2.80 +/- 0.23 mmol/l vs 2.48 +/- 0.13 mmol/l and alkaline phosphatase 157.4 +/- 92.0 U/l vs 85.2 +/- 51.5, respectively. We did not see any influence of oral phosphate binders, calcium supplementation, or vitamin D treatment on the development of parathyroid gland hyperactivity during dialysis treatment. Serum creatinine concentration did not change after parathyroidectomy. In four patients, long-term calcium supplementation after surgery was necessary.
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PMID:Hyperparathyroidism after kidney transplantation: a retrospective case controlled study. 174 6

Monoclonal gammopathies can either be benign or more commonly malignant. The commonest disease associated with it is multiple myeloma. Over the seven-year period 1984-1990, two hundred and thirty-four monoclonal gammopathies were seen at the University Hospital, Jamaica. Multiple myeloma was diagnosed in one hundred and fifty-six cases (84 males and 72 females). The diagnoses of most of the others were not known as the samples came from other institutions. Of the patients with myeloma, the most common immunoglobulin type was IgG followed by IgA and then pure light chain disease. Only in about half of the cases where urine was analysed was Bence-Jones protein found. The majority of the cases had abnormal total serum protein, albumin and total globulin concentrations. Most of the cases also were in renal failure. Hypercalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transferase and aspartate aminotransferase occurred in about one-third of them. These results were not much different from those reported in other countries.
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PMID:Biochemical abnormalities in multiple myeloma. 178 96

Elevated serum concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA) and procollagen III amino terminal propeptide (PIIINP) have been found in various diseases characterized by altered metabolism of collagen. In the present study, their serum levels were measured in 105 renal patients and 22 normal controls. Median HA concentrations were 23 micrograms/l in controls, 47 micrograms/l in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF, not on dialysis; p less than 0.001), 75 micrograms/l on CAPD (p less than 0.001) vs. controls, p = 0.045 vs. CRF), and 167 micrograms/l on hemodialysis (p less than 0.001 vs. controls, CRF, and CAPD), respectively. The values correlated positively with age but not with renal function or the type of renal disease. In hemodialysis patients, HA correlated with the duration of renal replacement therapy and serum beta 2-microglobulin but not with serum alkaline phosphatase or C-terminal parathormone. Serum HA did not change significantly during hemodialysis treatment and was independent of the type of dialyzer membrane material. Median PIIINP values were 2.7 micrograms/l in controls, 4.4 micrograms/l in patients with CRF (p less than 0.001), 6.9 micrograms/l on CAPD (p less than 0.001 vs. controls, p = 0.022 vs. CRF), and 8.6 micrograms/l on hemodialysis (p = 0.001 vs. controls, NS vs. CRF or CAPD). Values correlated with HA only in patients on CAPD but they did not correlate with age, renal function or duration of renal replacement therapy. It is concluded that renal failure, especially long-term dialysis treatment, is associated with elevated serum concentrations of HA and--to a minor degree--PIINP. Thus, they may be a sign of altered connective tissue metabolism in patients on long-term dialysis.
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PMID:Serum hyaluronic acid and procollagen III amino terminal propeptide in chronic renal failure. 196 67

Hyperparathyroid bone disease is a common complication of end stage renal failure, particularly in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. Several studies have, however, shown a near absence of hyperparathyroid bone disease in diabetic patients who have been receiving haemodialysis for periods of up to 4 years. We have studied biochemical indices of mineral metabolism in 54 consecutive pre-dialysis patients with moderate to severe renal impairment. Deteriorating renal function was associated with developing hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia. Hypocalcaemia was strongly related to increased severe alkaline phosphatase activity (p less than 0.001), suggesting the development of hyperparathyroidism. Five patients with hypocalcaemia and increased alkaline phosphatase were studied in detail. All had elevated serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and histological signs of hyperparathyroidism on bone biopsy. Three of the patients had low serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels with associated osteomalacia, the other 2 patients were notable for their long duration of renal failure. In the long-term (greater than 4 years) we also observed the development of hyperparathyroidism in a small group of diabetic patients maintained on haemodialysis. We conclude that diabetic patients are not uniquely protected against renal osteodystrophy. Although the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism may be lower in diabetic patients than in those with other types of renal disease, the same factors which predispose to bone disease in non-diabetic patients (long duration of renal failure, low serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D and long periods on haemodialysis) also operate in the diabetic population.
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PMID:Hyperparathyroid bone disease in diabetic renal failure. 213 93


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