Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035078 (renal failure)
 31,970 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-2, and response to lectin stimulation were examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from 46 patients on haemodialysis, 20 patients on continuous peritoneal dialysis, 18 non-dialysed patients with mild to moderate renal failure, and 52 control subjects. Production of PGE2 and responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were decreased in cell cultures from patients on dialysis. Similarly, production of interleukin-2 was significantly reduced in patient groups as compared to control subjects, but there was no relationship between production of PGE2 and responses to PHA or production of interleukin-2. Addition of exogenous indomethacin did not return the response to normal and the patient cultures were not more sensitive to exogenous PGE2 than the control cultures. Thus, release of PGE2 does not account for the impaired in vitro response of uraemic lymphocytes.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991
PMID:Production of prostaglandin E2 by macrophages in uraemia. 179 96

Studies in the past showed elevated immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) serum values in early renal failure, but the assays used in these studies could not discriminate between bioinactive fragments of the PTH peptide and biologically active hormone. The availability of a sensitive PTH assay, which quantitates intact hormone, now allows the analysis of biologically active PTH in renal failure. To characterise more precisely the point of onset of hyperparathyroidism in the course of chronic renal failure and its relation to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], we measured plasma intact PTH and vitamin D metabolite serum values in 63 non-nephrotic uraemic patients (male n = 35, female n = 28, age 31-78 years) with incipient (GFR 60-90 ml/min per 1.73 m3, n = 19) mild (GFR 40-60, n = 22) and moderate (GFR 20-40, n = 22) renal failure, and in 22 age-matched healthy control subjects. Intact PTH concentrations were negatively correlated with GFR (r = -0.57, P less than 0.001). Median plasma intact PTH values (normal range 1.2-6 pmol/l) were 5.6 (range 2.2-13.0) in incipient, 8.1 (2.9-24.0) in mild, and 13.0 (5.4-59.0) in moderate renal failure. Intact PTH values in incipient renal failure were significantly greater than in 22 age-matched control subjects (P less than 0.01). The decline of GFR was paralleled by a progressive decrease in 1,25(OH)2D3 serum values (r = 0.44, P = 0.001). Median values of the hormone (normal range 35-90 pg/ml) were 32 (range 20-66) in incipient (P less than 0.01 vs. age-matched control subjects), 34 (22-74) in mild, and 26 (17-39) in moderate renal failure. In all three groups, mean serum phosphate and total calcium concentrations (corrected for serum protein) were within the normal range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991
PMID:Calcium metabolism in early chronic renal failure: implications for the pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism. 186 44

The effect of calcium channel blockers on the progression of renal failure is controversial. In contrast with earlier studies, we recently reported that moderately large doses of verapamil significantly accelerated chronic renal failure in the rat remnant kidney model. Studies reporting beneficial effects of verapamil were characterised by a much lower dose of verapamil and by the start of treatment immediately after renal ablation, which potentially interfered with the initial phase of remnant kidney hypertrophy. We therefore studied the effects of a high, fully antihypertensive oral dose of verapamil (100-150 mg/kg/per day; group Vera high) and a low, haemodynamically almost ineffective dose (10-15 mg/kg per day; group Vera low), on the progression of chronic renal failure in female Wistar rats with 5/6 nephrectomy. The treatment was started no earlier than 5 weeks after renal ablation, and matched groups of 20 animals were followed for 16 weeks thereafter. High-dose verapamil reduced systolic blood pressure to median values of 130-140 mmHg throughout the experimental period, whereas blood pressure in Vera low animals remained elevated at median values of 165-172 mmHg similar to non-treated rats with 172-185 mmHg median systolic blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991
PMID:Control of hypertension by verapamil enhances renal damage in a rat remnant kidney model. 187 83

Plasma oxalate was measured on two occasions in 18 patients with end-stage renal failure on regular haemodialysis treatment: once while on a routine dose of vitamin C (100 mg/day) and subsequently after 2 weeks administration of a larger dose of vitamin C (500 mg/day). Pre- and post-dialysis concentrations were all markedly increased, reflecting the reduced glomerular filtration rate of end-stage renal failure. Both pre- and post-dialysis oxalate increased significantly following the increase in ascorbate dose but there was no significant correlation between plasma oxalate and ascorbate results. Considerations governing dosage of vitamin C in patients with chronic renal failure are discussed.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991
PMID:The effect of vitamin C intake on plasma oxalate in patients on regular haemodialysis. 187 86

The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of serum antithyroid antibodies in Alport's syndrome. Thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies were assessed in three families with Alport's syndrome for a total of 11 patients and 17 healthy relatives, as well as in 40 haemodialysis patients and in 40 healthy subjects. Thyroid function tests, including the measurement of serum total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) concentrations, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation tests were performed in all patients and subjects. Among patients with Alport's syndrome, five (45%) had elevated titres of thyroid microsomal antibodies and eight (73%) had positive titres of thyroglobulin antibodies, whereas only one healthy relative (6%) had circulating antithyroid antibodies. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid demonstrated a lymphocytic infiltration that indicated the existence of asymptomatic autoimmune thyroiditis in all five patients with elevated thyroid microsomal antibody titres. The prevalence of antithyroid antibodies in healthy subjects and in haemodialysis patients was 7.5% and 12.5% respectively. Functional tests demonstrated a thyroid dysfunction in four of five patients with asymptomatic autoimmune thyroiditis. Two patients had evidence of subclinical hypothyroidism. Two other patients, both with end-stage renal failure, showed a blunted TSH response to TRH, increased fT4 and elevated borderline fT3. The present study indicates that elevated titres of serum antithyroid antibodies may be detected in patients with Alport's syndrome. These patients are at risk of developing asymptomatic autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical hypothyroidism and, perhaps, preclinical hyperthyroidism may be found in these patients.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991
PMID:Asymptomatic autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid dysfunction in Alport's syndrome. A report of three families. 190

Functional activity of peritoneal macrophages of 50 patients with end-stage renal failure on intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) and of 30 control subjects with normal renal function was determined. Phagocytosis of latex particles by macrophages of dialyzed patients was significantly lower as compared with the controls. Further depression of the phagocytic activity was observed during bacterial peritonitis. Macrophages from the dialyzed patients also showed nonsignificantly decreased functional expression of Fc receptors (FcR) and increased spontaneous nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction.
Perit Dial Int 1991
PMID:Functional characteristics of peritoneal macrophages of renal failure patients on peritoneal dialysis. 191 21

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was measured in the saliva of 36 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and 29 matched control subjects. Salivary EGF in controls was 0.65 +/- 0.009 nmol/L compared with 0.99 +/- 0.24 nmol/L in nondialyzed CRF patients, 1.15 +/- 0.23 in hemodialyzed patients and 1.96 +/- 0.25 (p less than 0.01, Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test) in CAPD-treated patients. On Sephadex chromatography, the major peak of immunoreactive EGF from patient and control saliva samples coeluted with purified human EGF. We conclude that salivary concentrations of human EGF are significantly elevated in end-stage renal failure, particularly in patients treated by CAPD.
Perit Dial Int 1991
PMID:Increased salivary concentration of human epidermal growth factor in patients undergoing CAPD. 191 22

The data provided by 14 European centres concerning 22 combined liver-kidney and two isolated liver grafts performed in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) were discussed at a workshop which drew the following main conclusions: 1. In end-stage renal failure due to PH1 1-year kidney graft survival rate is far better after combined liver-kidney transplantation than after kidney transplantation alone. This may be due to enhanced renal graft tolerance induced by the simultaneously grafted liver, in addition to the reduced risk of oxalate-induced damage to the kidney graft because the oxalate overproduction has been corrected. 2. Prolonged dialysis using conventional regimes gives rise to extensive systemic oxalosis, especially oxalate osteopathy, which leads to long-lasting excretion of large amounts of oxalate even after oxalate synthesis has been normalised by liver-kidney transplantation, with the risk of jeopardising the success of the kidney graft. In addition, oxalate arteriopathy may endanger the recipient's life. 3. Patients whose GFR is in the range of 25-60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 should be followed up closely, with sequential assessments based on the rate of loss of overall renal function and the plasma and urine oxalate values. An isolated liver transplantation should be considered once the disease has been shown to be following an aggressive course. If this strategy is not followed, planning for an elective liver-kidney graft should begin when GFR decreases to about 25 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and the operation should be as soon as possible. 4. As orthotopic liver transplantation involves the removal of the recipient's biochemically defective but otherwise normal liver, the diagnosis of PH1 should be unequivocally established in every case by the measurement of alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase enzyme activity in a preoperative liver biopsy.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991
PMID:Combined liver-kidney and isolated liver transplantations for primary hyperoxaluria type 1: the European experience. The European Study Group on Transplantation in Hyperoxaluria Type 1. 192 12

The half-time of transfer of 99mTc DTPA (T50) is a useful method of assessing lung epithelial permeability, which has been shown to be altered in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who have Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The present study was designed to assess the usefulness of the T50 measurement in evaluating patients with renal transplants, breathlessness, and fever. An assessment was also made of the effect of renal failure on the T50 result. Sixty-eight non-smokers (12 normal subjects, ten patients with chronic renal failure not requiring dialysis (CRF), ten patients on haemodialysis (HD), ten patients on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), 13 patients with functioning renal transplants (Tx), seven transplanted patients with PCP, two transplanted patients with cytomegalovirus pneumonia, and four transplanted patients with other lung infections), and 30 smokers (ten normal subjects, five CRF, five HD, five CAPD, five Tx) were studied. The lung epithelial permeability of the patients with renal failure, as judged by the whole lung T50, was not significantly different from that of the normal subjects. The T50 of transplanted smokers was significantly longer than that of the normal subjects who smoked and not significantly different from the transplanted non-smokers. Patients with PCP and CMV pneumonitis had significantly faster T50 values compared with all other patients with renal disease. This fast T50 suggests that the test may be of use in identifying patients who have an alveolitis as a cause for their fever when immunosuppressed following a renal transplant.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991
PMID:Lung 99mTc DTPA transfer in renal disease and pulmonary infection. 195 58

The Pediatric nephrologist is the infant patient's medical advocate, joining with the family to efficiently restore renal function and vigor to a child incapacitated by renal failure. In this context, renal transplantation, even in infancy, is an effective, available therapy holding the potential to improve the long term outcome for individual young children.
Adv Perit Dial 1990
PMID:Treatment of very young infants with ESRD--renal transplantation as soon as possible (less than 1 yr of age): controversy. 198 28


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