Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0035078 (renal failure)
 31,970 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A time lag factor of about five days has been identified in an increased incidence of SIDS in relation to a cold day. Sudden exposure to chilling appeared to trigger skeletal muscle weakness and renal failure about five days later in a man found to have only 25% of normal carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) activity in biopsied skeletal muscle. White Muscle Disease is a muscular dystrophy in young ruminants which appears about five days after turnout to pasture in the weaned ruminant raised on a diet deficient in vitamin E and selenium (VESD). Pasture has high levels of linoleic and linolenic acid (high PUFA diet) which are modified by developing rumen bacteria. Corbucci investigated the effects of circulatory shock (cardiogenic) on skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity in humans. Cytochrome oxidase activity fell markedly and, in particular, the capacity to oxidase palmitoyl carnitine was greatly reduced. He considered a consequence of this disorder was sequestration of carnitine as acyl carnitine which could not be recycled. Unusual acyl carnitines have been identified in six out of 13 SIDS victims in a USA group. In Finland, researchers identified a rise in SIDS incidence (mostly found in the prone position) after great and rapid temperature changes. Foster found a relationship between 1984 SIDS incidence and the incidence of goitre in World War I troops.
 ...
PMID:Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): a time lag factor. 204 96

We examined the effects of dietary deficiency of vitamin E and selenium on the ischemia-reperfusion model of renal injury in the rat. Deficient diets imposed for six weeks on three-week-old weanling rats led to no significant differences in body weights, serum creatinine, GFR, RBF, TmPAH or urinary total protein excretory rates prior to ischemia. Twenty-four hours after one hour of ischemia, animals on the deficient diet demonstrated more markedly impaired GFR, RBF, TmPAH and urine to plasma creatinine concentrations and an increased renal failure index. Tubular damage was more severe injury in the deficient animals. Lipid peroxidation, 15 minutes after the release of the ischemic clamp, was increased in the deficient animals. We confirmed the effects of our dietary manipulation in impairing the oxidant scavenging system in the deficient animals since glutathione peroxidase activity was reduced to less than 5% in the basal state, and this striking reduction persisted following ischemia. Plasma vitamin E concentrations were also markedly depressed in the deficient diets. This dietary deficiency also worsened the course of acute renal injury and was accompanied by 50% mortality compared to 0% mortality in the control animals. Thus, dietary deficiency of vitamin E and selenium led to greater structural and functional renal impairment and increased lipid peroxidation following ischemia. These data provide support for the role of reactive oxygen species in mediating ischemia-reperfusion injury.
 ...
PMID:Dietary deficiency of antioxidants exacerbates ischemic injury in the rat kidney. 207 54

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a syndrome that occurs mainly in adults with multiorgan microvascular thrombosis consisting of thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, neurologic symptoms, renal involvement, and fever. The female to male ratio is 3:2, and peak incidence occurs in the 3rd decade of life. Clinical signs are the consequence of hyaline thrombosis and occlusion of capillaries and arterioles. Renal ailment manifests itself in hematuria and proteinuria with azotemia and even overt renal failure. In severe disease, azotemia is typical of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). TTP was first described in 1925 by Moschcowitz. The clinical picture of TTP consists of a prodromal phase, a viruslike disease occurring in up to 40% of patients. 60% have neurologic disturbances, 90% have purpura initially, and fever occurs in all. Anemia is often severe with hemoglobin values of 7-9 gm/dl, renal involvement in 90%, and renal failure in 40-80% of patients. Clinical variants include the acute and fulminant variety mortality, the chronic form, and the relapsing form. Predisposing factors and triggering agents are autosomal recessive inherited traits in acute idiopathic TTP, systemic diseases, tumor antigens, pregnancy and puerperium, viruses (endotoxins for HUS), and possibly oral contraceptives and hypertension. Therapy includes corticosteroids (prednisone 100-400 mg/day); heparin for postpartum HUS; and antiplatelet agents (Dextran 70, aspirin, and dipyridamole in high doses). The infusion of PGI2 is controversial; splenectomy is also questionable; and vincristine, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide have unproven efficacy. Fresh-frozen plasma exchange is the method of choice as it produces survival in 90%. Others are iv immunoglobulins, vitamin E, and dialysis and renal transplant. Platelet transfusions are contraindicated because of sudden death and decreased survival.
 ...
PMID:Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and related disorders. 210 74

We studied intestinal absorption of vitamin E in rats with experimental renal failure (RF) and in sham-operated normal and pair-fed controls using in vivo perfusion and in vitro everted sacs. The in vivo absorption rates per unit of intestine length were significantly reduced in RF and pair-fed groups. Expression of data per unit of intestine weight gave normal values in the pair-fed but depressed values in the RF animals. Vitamin E uptake in vitro was significantly increased in RF animals, suggesting enhanced permeability. We conclude: (i) vitamin E absorption in vivo is impaired in experimental RF; (ii) this is in part due to reduced nutrient intake; and (iii) disparity between in vivo and in vitro results suggests the presence of some inhibitory influence(s) in intact animals with RF.
 ...
PMID:Intestinal absorption of vitamin E in experimental renal failure. 230 May 93

In April 1984, the US FDA was notified of an unusual clinical syndrome consisting of ascites, liver and renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and death among low birth weight infants exposed to an intravenous vitamin E preparation, E-Ferol. The product, which had not been tested for safety prior to marketing, was voluntarily withdrawn from the market in early April. To further investigate the reported associations, the FDA conducted a retrospective cohort study among seven neonatal intensive care units where the product had been used. Standardized abstraction forms were completed for infants admitted to a unit between Nov 1, 1983, and April 30, 1984. Included in the study were 379 infants weighing 2,000 g or less and surviving at least two days; 148 (39%) had been exposed to E-Ferol. Compared with the unexposed infants, the exposed infants were more likely to die and to have ascites, hepatomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and a combination of clinical events similar to the syndrome initially reported. We conclude that the use of E-Ferol in these neonatal intensive care units was associated with increased morbidity and mortality among exposed infants.
 ...
PMID:Morbidity and mortality among low birth weight infants exposed to an intravenous vitamin E product, E-Ferol. 249 78

Over a period of 7 years a typical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) developed in 3 brothers, at the age of 27, 31 and 35 years respectively. The patients did not share a common HLA haplotype. Two sisters, now 36 and 39 years old, did not develop HUS despite pregnancy and prolonged oral contraception. We investigated in the 3 patients (outside of the acute phase of the HUS) and in 12 other first degree relatives complement components (C3, C4, C1q, factor B), coagulation factors (i.e., antithrombin III, F VIII, protein C) prostacyclin regulating plasma factor and vitamin E levels: all results were normal. Renal failure was irreversible in the 3 patients, despite fresh plasma infusions in 2 of them. After a 7 to 32-month period on hemodialysis, the 3 patients were transplanted with a cadaver kidney. Twenty-one to 94 months later, they have a functioning graft and no recurrence of the HUS. We conclude that, in this family, HUS is not linked to HLA or female gender. No phenotypic marker of the disease was found. Evolution after dialysis and transplantation is excellent, with no short term recurrence of the HUS.
 ...
PMID:Hemolytic uremic syndrome in three adult siblings: a familial study and evolution. 348 Jul 83

In patients with subacute toxic reactions from paraquat poisoning (death within 11 to 41 days), the extent of lipid peroxidation, expressed as serum malondialdehyde level, was 2.7-fold higher (12.33 +/- 4.42 nmole/mL) before pulmonary fibrosis than that in normal controls (4.55 +/- 1.23 nmole/mL). The extent of lipid peroxidation in patients with acute toxic reactions (death within one to three days) was not elevated; these patients died of pulmonary edema and hemorrhage (acute respiratory distress), liver failure, renal failure, and adrenal necrosis. Remarkable high levels of paraquat (greater than 5 mg/L) were found in the urine, serum, and tissues of patients with acute toxic reactions; a small amount of paraquat was found in the serum or urine of patients with subacute toxic reactions five to 11 days after ingestion. Patients who survived had no elevation in lipid peroxidation. Administration of vitamin E (100 to 4,000 mg/day from the first hospital day) had no effect on survival.
 ...
PMID:Further studies of lipid peroxidation in human paraquat poisoning. 396 49

Eight small, premature infants developed an unusual symptom complex of pulmonary deterioration, thrombocytopenia, liver failure, ascites, and renal failure. Five infants died; the health of the other three infants improved and they were discharged from the hospital. This unusual syndrome occurred after introduction of a new intravenous vitamin E product (E-Ferol, alpha-tocopherol acetate) for routine use in the intensive care nursery. Even though no definite conclusion was reached as to its cause, the administration of this intravenous vitamin E product appears to be a significant risk factor.
 ...
PMID:Unusual syndrome among premature infants: association with a new intravenous vitamin E product. 397 31

Muscle cramp is a recurrent and painful condition and a common complaint among elderly subjects and patients treated with hemodialysis. It is commonly nocturnal and can disturb a good night's sleep. No specific cause can be identified; therefore, therapy is mostly symptomatic. Quinine sulfate, an antimalarial drug, is widely used as an effective therapy for idiopathic leg cramps. Several double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies have questioned the effectiveness of quinine in leg cramps; whereas other studies have shown significantly more benefit with use of quinine in reducing the frequency and severity of cramps compared with placebo or vitamin E. The mechanism of this beneficial effect is obscure, however. Quinine appears to decrease the excitability of the motor end plate, thereby reducing the muscle contractility. Most patients consider quinine beneficial for their leg cramps, which is difficult to refute by scientific data. More important, cramp is a subjective symptom, therefore difficult to measure objectively. Consequently, scientific studies designed to prove or disprove the effectiveness of quinine can be subject to flaws. Further, a dosage of 200 to 300 mg of quinine every night has not been shown to cause significant side effects. Nevertheless, quinine should be used in a small dose and cautiously, especially in the elderly and patients with renal failure, and should be avoided in patients with liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Is quinine effective and safe in leg cramps? 766 18

In 14 patients undergoing haemodialysis, lipoperoxidation (LPO) processes were determined in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) before and after a dialysis session by determining (a) the direct substrate, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA); (b) the end product of LPO, malondialdehyde (MDA); and (c) the hydrophobic antioxidant systems, vitamins A and E. In plasma before dialysis, linoleic and arachidonic acid, and the antioxidant vitamin E, were significantly lowered as compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.05). On the contrary, the free MDA level was enhanced (p < 0.05). These results were emphasized by a dialysis session. In RBC of these patients, no difference in linoleic acid, free MDA, or vitamin E level were observed before or after dialysis when compared to controls. However, only vitamin A was significantly higher in haemodialysis patients (before and after dialysis) and in renal failure patients (p < 0.05) than in the healthy control group. The present results suggest that increased RBC vitamin A may offer some degree of protection against oxidative stress in erythrocytes, but not in plasma where LPO is demonstrated.
 ...
PMID:Lipoperoxidation in plasma and red blood cells of patients undergoing haemodialysis: vitamins A, E, and iron status. 806 97


1 2 3 4 Next >>