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Query: UMLS:C0035078 (renal failure)
 31,970 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Familiar hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis is a rare syndrome belonging to the group of heterogeneous tubular diseases whose common characteristic is renal magnesium wasting. We present a 9 year old boy with polyuria, polydipsia and enuresis. Radiologic and ultrasonographic examinations showed nephrocalcinosis. Hypomagnesemia, normokaliemia, hypermagnesiuria, hypercalciuria, incomplete distal tubular acidosis, hypocitraturia and mild renal failure were found. Treatment with magnesium salts, hydrochlorothiazide, potassium citrate and sodium bicarbonate did not restore magnesium or calcium levels to normal. Renal function and nephrocalcinosis remain stable after 3 year's treatment. In conclusion, we report a new case of this rare syndrome caused by a congenital defect in magnesium reabsorption and discuss the evolution of the illness during 3 years' treatment.
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PMID:[Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis]. 1169 17

A 4-year old boy was referred for evaluation of renal failure, posterior urethral valve (PUV) and urinary tract infection. His parents added complaints of polyuria, polydipsia, enuresis, shortness of stature, and inappropriate obesity. Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were 45 and 3.5 mg/dL, respectively. Urine culture was positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and abdominal ultrasound revealed bilateral small kidneys. The patient's history included mild to moderate mental retardation and postaxial polydactyly of both lower limbs amputated two years ago. The combination of mental retardation, obesity, postaxial polydactyly, and bilateral renal hypoplasia were compatible with the diagnosis Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). The combination of PUV and BBS is a rare condition that caused this early onset of renal failure and inappropriate obesity guided us to the diagnosis.
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PMID:Bardet-biedl syndrome in a child with chronic kidney disease. 1941 50

There are not many studies on long term follow up of children following surgery for posterior urethral valve in India. This study was done to assess the growth and renal function of children who had completed five years after surgery for posterior urethral valve at our hospital. Thirty children were included in this study. They were assessed retrospectively for the age and pattern of presentation, time of surgery and outcome. Outcomes measured were stunting, renal failure (GFR, tubular functions) and bladder functions. Fifty per cent of children were symptomatic five years after surgery with enuresis, dribbling, polyuria and recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). GFR was <60 ml/m/1.73 m(2) in 33%. Growth failure, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition, was present in one-third of children. A low GFR was associated with growth failure. Poor bladder function evidenced by history of dribbling and significant residual urine was seen in one-third of patients. Residual hydronephrosis was seen in 74%. The most common presenting symptoms of PUV were poor urinary stream followed by recurrent UTI, poor weight gain, renal failure and abdominal mass. Eighty per cent of the study population had undergone surgery in infancy. Five years after surgery, 50% children were symptomatic; 30% had stunting. 33% had a GFR <60 ml/m/1.73 m(2) and a significantly greater degree of stunting than those with GFR >60 ml/m/1.73 m(2). Sonologically normal kidneys on follow-up were associated with a GFR above 60 ml/m/1.73 m(2). Poor bladder function was present in 30% of the children. Univariate analysis showed that statistically significant risk factors for decline in GFR in this study are oligohydramnios and surgery beyond the neonatal period.
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PMID:A follow-up study of children with posterior urethral valve. 2083 19

Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease and a leading genetic cause of established renal failure (ERF) in children and young adults. Early presenting symptoms in children with NPHP include polyuria, nocturia, or secondary enuresis, pointing to a urinary concentrating defect. Renal ultrasound typically shows normal kidney size with increased echogenicity and corticomedullary cysts. Importantly, NPHP is associated with extra renal manifestations in 10-15% of patients. The most frequent extrarenal association is retinal degeneration, leading to blindness. Increasingly, molecular genetic testing is being utilised to diagnose NPHP and avoid the need for a renal biopsy. In this paper, we discuss the latest understanding in the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of NPHP. We suggest an appropriate clinical management plan and screening programme for individuals with NPHP and their families.
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PMID:Nephronophthisis: a genetically diverse ciliopathy. 2166 Mar 7

A 64-year-old man presented with 1 month of gradual-onset left leg swelling and lower urinary tract symptoms including enuresis, frequency and poor stream. He was initially treated for suspected cellulitis, however, he returned 2 weeks later with persistence of his symptoms. Routine biochemical investigation revealed renal failure (Cr 623, Ur 29.9) and hyperkalaemia (K 7.2). Abdominal examination revealed a distended urinary bladder and an ultrasound scan revealed hydronephrosis, confirming the diagnosis of chronic high-pressure urinary retention. A urinary catheter was passed that initially drained 1.5 litre of clear urine. Shortly after insertion, this became heavily blood stained. A CT kidney ureter bladder (CTKUB) revealed a large mass behind the bladder thought to represent either an abscess or tumour. Cystoscopic correlation showed this to be a large, narrow-necked bladder diverticulum tensely distended with clot. Following successful clot evacuation and decompression of the bladder the leg swelling resolved and renal function improved.
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PMID:An unusual case of chronic urinary retention and bladder diverticulum presenting with unilateral lower limb swelling. 2300 66

Secondary nocturnal enuresis is generally seen between 5 and 7 years of age and it is rarely encountered when compared with the primary incontinence. Patients with suggested diagnosis of secondary nocturnal enuresis should be examined for neurological and spinal anomalies and diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, renal failure and urinary tract infection should be ruled out in differential diagnosis (1-3). Herein, we are presenting case reports of adolescent patients with secondary nocturnal enuresis refractory to medical therapy and developed after in-vehicle and extravehicular accidents.
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PMID:Late-onset secondary nocturnal enuresis in adolescents associated with post-traumatic stress disorder developed after a traffic accident. 2642 51

Background. Mantidis Ootheca (MO), described as the ootheca of Hierodula patellifera Serville, 1839, Tenodera angustipennis (Saussure, 1869), or Statilia maculate (Thunberg, 1784) in Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia, is an important herbal material that has been traditionally used for treating several medical conditions including renal failure, spermatorrhea, and pediatric enuresis in Korea. Objective. The present study investigated the potential subacute toxicity of MO water extract during a 2-week repeated oral administration of doses of 0, 50, 150, or 450 mg/kg/day to C57BL/6 male mice by gavage. Methods. The following parameters were examined during the study period: mortality, clinical signs, body weight, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weight, and histopathology. All the mice were euthanized at the end of the treatment period. Results. No treatment-related changes in mortalities, clinical signs, body weight, gross finding, and organ weight change were detected after 14 days of oral MO extract administration. In addition, no meaningful MO extract treatment-related changes were observed in the hematological, serum biochemical, and histopathological parameters compared with the normal control group following treatment with doses of up to 450 mg/kg/day. Conclusion. Based on these findings, we concluded that treatment of mice with the water extract of MO did not result in significant toxicity and, therefore, it could be considered safe for further pharmacological studies.
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PMID:Two-Week Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Mantidis Ootheca Water Extract in C57BL/6 Mice. 3108 Apr 84

High-pressure chronic retention (HPCR) is a well-recognized common urological emergency which requires prompt treatment. It usually presents with nocturnal enuresis, a tense and palpable bladder, and symptoms of uraemia from renal failure George et al 1983.1 There have been isolated cases in the literature of HPCR presenting with symptoms of venous occlusion secondary to extrinsic bladder compression2,3 but it remains a rare presenting complaint. We discuss the case of a 56-year-old man who presented primarily with right lower limb swelling which was later revealed to be due to HPCR.
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PMID:Unilateral Lower Limb Oedema: An Unusual Presentation of High-Pressure Chronic Retention. 3232 40


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