Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0035078 (renal failure)
 31,970 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven patients with rheumatoid arthritis that had been refractory to conventional drug therapy were treated with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). Followup continued for 6 months in 9 patients, 12 months in 6 patients, and 24 months in 3 patients. At 6 and 12 months post-TLI, a significant improvement in clinical disease activity was demonstrated. Side effects noted during TLI included fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. One patient died of cardiorespiratory arrest, 2 patients died of kidney failure secondary to generalized amyloidosis, and 1 patient died of septic shock secondary to a multilocular septic arthritis. One patient experienced 2 episodes of septic arthritis; 2 patients manifested delayed wound healing. Immunologic assessments showed consistent lymphopenia in all patients. T lymphocyte subsets decreased after TLI, and showed a transient increase at 6 months post-TLI. The suppressed mitogen responsiveness, which was noted 2 months after irradiation, was found to increase almost to the pre-TLI levels at 12 months. The observed increase in morbidity and mortality after TLI is evidence that discourages the use of this therapeutic technique, at least in its present form.
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PMID:Total lymphoid irradiation in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis. 293 45

Fifty patients with histologically proven squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck, recurrent after surgery and/or radiation therapy, were treated with a triple-drug combination of methotrexate (MTX), 250 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on day 1, followed by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 600 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 2, followed by cisplatin, 50 to 60 mg/m2 IV on days 3 and 4. Patients were randomly assigned to receive cisplatin either in 300 mL of 3% saline or with standard mannitol diuresis along with appropriate hydration. The courses of treatment were repeated every 3 to 4 weeks. Among 47 evaluable patients, there were four complete responses (CRs) and 17 partial responses (PRs) (9% and 36%, respectively). The median duration of response was 23 weeks and the overall survival was 7 months. The median survival of responders v nonresponders was 12 months and 6 months, respectively. Nausea and vomiting was experienced by all patients and diarrhea was experienced by 36% of patients. Neutropenia occurred in 37 patients (79%) and resulted in fever or infection in 11 patients (23%) and death in two patients. Mild renal failure (persistent serum creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/ dL) was observed in ten patients (21%), six treated with 3% saline and four treated with mannitol. The median cumulative dose of cisplatin that lead to the development of renal impairment was 485 mg/m2 in the hypertonic saline arm and 550 mg/m2 in the mannitol arm (P = .40). The antitumor activity of this regimen was not superior to that of sequential MTX and 5-FU. The use of hypertonic saline was not effective in reducing the renal toxicity of cisplatin.
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PMID:Sequential methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin in the treatment of recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck: failure of hypertonic saline to reduce the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin. 309 3

A man aged 54 years presented multiple symptoms (acroparesthesia, familial deafness, cardiomyopathy, diarrhea, adenopathy with infiltration of frothy macrophages, pancytopenia with a dense marrow, chronic meningitis, renal failure) associated with intermittent fever, with feverish attacks and a temperature of 40 degrees C, and with a severe biologic febrile syndrome. Fabry's disease was diagnosed only after 3 years of fruitless explorations. The reasons for this delay are analysed and it is suggested than Fabry's disease be added to the list of conditions responsible for fever or for a persistent inflammatory syndrome.
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PMID:[Fabry's disease. Rare etiology of a long-term inflammatory syndrome. Apropos of a case]. 309 72

Carumonam is a new N-sulfo-beta-lactam antibiotic active against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. An open study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerance of carumonam with either 1 g t.i.d. (group A) or 2 g t.i.d. (group B) in bacterial septicaemia or severe sepsis. A total of 24 patients (14 men and 10 women) were included in the study, their ages ranged from 48-87 years (mean age 59). Eighteen patients were treated for bacteraemia, three for bronchopneumonia, two for urinary tract infection and one for a subphrenic abscess; seven were in group A and fourteen in group B; three were treated with a variable regimen. The pathogens isolated included E. coli [10], Klebsiella aerogenes [9], Enterobacter cloacae [3], Citrobacter freundii [2], Pseudomonas spp. [4], Providence stuartii [2], Serratia marcescens [1] and Haemophilus influenzae [1]. Clinical improvement occurred in all patients in both groups. One patient in group A and four patients in group B required further antibiotic therapy. The overall clinical cure rate was 84% and the bacteriological cure rate was 72%. Supra-infection occurred in three patients and adverse reactions attributable to carumonam were seen in two patients: diarrhoea (in one), and aggravation of renal failure in the other. Carumonam is well tolerated at both the dosage regimens; it is effective in the treatment of aerobic Gram-negative sepsis.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy of carumonam. 324 11

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease of the tropics which is estimated to affect up to 300 million people worldwide. In endemic areas the childhood age group has the highest prevalence and intensity of infection. There are several distinct species of schistosomes. The principal organ system involved in Schistosoma haematobium infection is the urinary tract since parasite eggs penetrate the bladder and are excreted in the urine. Hematuria, proteinuria, leukocyturia and symptoms like dysuria or nocturia are the most common clinical presentations. Heavily infected patients show obstructive uropathy of different severity which may lead to renal failure. Intestinal schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma mansoni infection. Initial symptoms can be diarrhea and blood-tinged stool. Chronic infection is characterized by fibrotic involvement of the liver and consecutive portal hypertension. The diagnosis of schistosomiasis depends on the demonstration of schistosome eggs in human excreta or biopsy material. Imported cases of schistosomiasis to Europe show an increasing tendency due to expanding international travel. Furthermore imported cases are usually not diagnosed until years after the patients have left an endemic area. The treatment of choice is a single dose of praziquantel 40 m/kg bodyweight resulting in cure rates of around 90% and considerable reversibility of pathological abnormalities due to schistosome infections.
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PMID:Schistosomiasis in childhood. 327 25

Two cases of acute renal failure associated with non-typhoid Salmonella infection are reported. Case 1: A 49-year-old man was admitted with the complaint of severe watery diarrhea and oliguria. Stool culture revealed Salmonella typhimurium. Laboratory data showed hyponatremia and acute renal failure. Hemodialysis was performed 3 times and renal failure was improved. Case 2: A 63-year-old woman was admitted with complaint of severe watery diarrhea, nausea, and fever. Stool culture revealed Salmonella E group. Septic shock appeared after admission, and anti-shock therapy was immediately carried out. Acute renal failure was cured without hemodialysis, even though multiple organ failure had occurred concomitantly. We discussed the management of patients with Salmonella infection, especially those with acute renal failure.
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PMID:[Two cases of acute renal failure associated with non-typhoid Salmonella infection]. 329 83

Although Yersinia pseudotuberculosis has not been previously reported to cause acute renal failure, it accounted for two cases reported here out of eighty referrals with acute renal failure to our renal unit over the last year. This may suggest that the incidence of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis may be greater than that previously reported, and it should be suspected in patients presenting with bloody diarrhoea in association with renal failure. The septicaemic form of the disease is life threatening and requires intensive supportive therapy.
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PMID:Acute renal failure following Yersinia pseudotuberculosis septicaemia. 332 92

Cataract is the major cause of blindness worldwide. It is a greater problem in third world countries than in the West and several attempts have been made to explain the excess in these countries. This paper provides an overview of the literature especially on studies designed to identify risk factors for cataract. There is an association between poverty and cataract and, more specifically, between cataract and a history of severe diarrhoea-dehydration. Recent results from a case-control-led study of cataract in Oxford are also presented with the quantitation of risks associated with a number of factors including diarrhoea, renal failure and diabetes. In this study an apparently protective effect of aspirin, paracetamol and similar drugs was observed. This protective effect applies to the risk associated with diabetes.
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PMID:Epidemiology and risk factors for cataract. 332 1

Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica Hallopeau-Siemens (EBDH) is one of the most severe inherited epidermolyses, a group of mechanobullous dermatological disorders. We observed two patients presenting with a severely multilating type of EBDH who developed biopsy-proven renal disease, which substantially altered the evolution and pathogenesis of their disease. In a boy, chronic postinfectious glomerulonephritis developed, most probably due to recurring superinfections of bullous skin lesions. He also experienced acute oliguric renal failure due to severe diarrhea during exacerbation of EBDH. A female patient developed a nephrotic syndrome due to secondary amyloidosis. Hypoalbuminemia caused further fluid losses through bullous skin lesions, aggravating intravascular hypovolemia and leading to rapid renal failure secondary to bilateral renal vein thrombosis. The study shows that, although rare, renal complications may alter the natural course of EBDH.
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PMID:The spectrum of renal involvement in epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica hereditaria: report of two cases. 336 44

Cryptosporidiosis is increasingly recognized as a significant human pathogen. Previous reports have emphasized the benign, self-limited nature of the illness in the immunocompetent adult. In contrast, immunodeficient hosts have severe, frequently unremitting illness. We describe a case in which an individual, with no evidence of immunodeficiency and negative human immunodeficiency virus serologic findings, was admitted with a five-week history of severe diarrhea, marked weight loss, and renal failure probably as a consequence of cryptosporidiosis. The patient's renal function returned to normal with hydration, and his diarrhea resolved without specific therapy. At a six-month follow-up, the patient was in excellent health.
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PMID:Severe cryptosporidiosis in an immunocompetent host. 340 Nov 11


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