Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0035078 (renal failure)
 31,970 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between March 1982 and September 1983, 40 inpatients (25 men and 15 women, mean age 53 years) with alcoholic cirrhosis and total serum bilirubin greater than or equal to 5 mg per dl were studied. Those with hepatocellular carcinoma, renal failure, hyponatremia, septicemia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and hepatic coma were excluded. Patients were studied for 28 days. The two groups were offered an oral diet containing 40 kcal per kg per day. Patients in the supplementary parenteral nutrition group received 40 kcal per kg per day and 200 mg nitrogen per kg per day using a central catheter. The major endpoint was total serum bilirubin on Day 28. On admission, serum bilirubin was not significantly different in the two groups: oral group, 12.5 +/- 6.6 mg per dl; supplementary parenteral nutrition group, 12.3 +/- 8.5 mg per dl. On Day 28, serum bilirubin was lower in the supplementary parenteral nutrition group (2.5 +/- 1.4 mg per dl) than in the oral group (4.1 +/- 2.2 mg per dl) (p less than 0.02). Serum bilirubin was also lower in the supplementary parenteral nutrition group than in the oral group on Days 7, 14 and 21 (p less than 0.05). Analysis of covariance, considering serum bilirubin on admission and at randomization and time between admission and randomization, confirmed these results. On Day 28, anthropometric parameters, serum transferrin, prealbumin and retinol-binding protein were higher in the supplementary parenteral nutrition group, but the differences were not significant. Serum albumin was significantly lower in the supplementary parenteral nutrition group. The incidence of encephalopathy and sepsis was not significantly different between the two groups.
 ...
PMID:A randomized clinical trial of supplementary parenteral nutrition in jaundiced alcoholic cirrhotic patients. 308 33

Persistent proteinuria without edema, associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), has been increasingly observed in our pediatric population. The clinical and pathological features and long-term outcome of these patients are poorly understood and less frequently reported. Ten nonedematous children (10.3 +/- 1.4 years) with proteinuria and FSGS are compared with 16 children (9.0 +/- 0.4 years) with FSGS and nephrotic syndrome (NS). Urinary protein excretion and serum cholesterol were statistically higher and serum albumin statistically lower in the children with FSGS-NS. The percentage of glomeruli with sclerosis was similar in the two groups. Mesangial proliferation was observed more frequently in the nephrotic children and focal or diffuse tubular atrophy more often in the nonedematous children with FSGS. Followup serum creatinines are more than 1 SD above the mean for age in 3 of 10 nonedematous patients with FSGS and 9 of 16 patients with FSGS-NS. Of 10 nonedematous patients with FSGS, 1 progressed to renal failure 20 months after diagnosis, while 3 of 16 patients with FSGS-NS progressed to renal failure. We conclude from these data that NS is a poor prognostic sign in FSGS in children and that neither the percentage of glomeruli with sclerosis nor the presence of tubular atrophy is predictive of NS in our patients.
 ...
PMID:Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children: comparison of nonedematous and edematous patients. 315 89

To assess the role of gallium-67 (67Ga) scintigraphy in the diagnosis of glomerular diseases, we performed the following technique in 39 patients with glomerulonephritis (GN) who underwent simultaneous Ga scan and histologic examination. 72 hours after IV injection of Ga citrate (2 mCi), isotopic kidney activity (normally undetectable) was compared to the activity of the liver and quantified as follows: less than (1+), equal to (2+) or greater than (3+) that of the liver. Renal biopsy was performed at the same time to evaluate the type of the GN and to quantify interstitial cellular infiltration. Proteinuria, serum albumin and creatinine were measured. There was a significant correlation between the level of 67Ga kidney activity and the degree of proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. On the contrary, no correlation was found between isotopic activity and the degree of renal failure or the degree of interstitial cellular infiltration. Increased kidney 67Ga activity did not appear characteristic of a specific histologic type of GN. Increased glomerular permeability may alter renal uptake of Ga; therefore 67Ga scanning does not appear to contribute significantly to the diagnosis and the follow-up of either primary or secondary GN.
 ...
PMID:Gallium67 scintigraphy in the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis. 318 May 21

Fifteen patients with advanced renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 25 ml/mn) and with severe albuminuria (greater than 1.5 g/24 h) were put on a low-protein (0.3 g/kg body weight), low-phosphorus (5-7 mg/kg body weight) diet supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogues. During the 6-month follow-up, urinary albumin excretion and fractional renal albumin clearance were reduced significantly while serum albumin concentration increased; no nutritional change occurred during the study.
 ...
PMID:Effect of a low-protein diet on urinary albumin excretion in uremic patients. 323 70

Patients with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), impaired renal function and the nephrotic syndrome are at high risk of developing renal failure. Twenty-six such patients were studied with serum creatinine concentrations exceeding 135 microM, and 24-hour urine protein excretion of at least 3.5 g/day to determine the potential benefit of cyclophosphamide therapy. Cyclophosphamide (mean 1.5 mg/kg/day) was given to nine patients for 23 +/- 4 months. These patients were compared with 17 concurrent controls. The two groups did not differ in clinical or laboratory features at the time of biopsy or start of treatment or its equivalent. Six of the nine cyclophosphamide treated patients and 15 of the 17 controls had received prednisone therapy. The total follow-up was 49 +/- 10 months in the treated group and 50 +/- 6 months in the controls. At last observation, serum creatinine values exceeded 400 microM in eight controls (4 on dialysis) and in none of the treated patients. The mean serum creatinine level was significantly lower (P less than 0.02) in the treated group (173 +/- 24 microM) than in controls (433 +/- 71 0.02) in the treated group (173 +/- 24 microM) than in controls (433 +/- 71 microM). The mean serum albumin level and 24-hour urine protein excretion both improved significantly with treatment as compared with controls. There were four complete remissions, five partial remissions and no patient with persistent nephrotic syndrome after treatment. In the controls, there were no complete remissions, six partial remissions and 11 patients had persistent nephrotic syndrome (P less than 0.001). Thus, cyclophosphamide therapy appears to be of benefit in patients with MGN, the nephrotic syndrome and impaired renal function.
 ...
PMID:A controlled trial of cyclophosphamide in patients with membranous glomerulonephritis. 332 96

In a historical cohort study, acute renal failure developed in 16.5% of 157 patients with rhabdomyolysis over a two-year study period. Underlying clinical, laboratory, and causative factors associated with the development of acute renal failure were examined. Factors predictive of renal failure in this setting, determined by multiple logistic regression analysis, included the degree of serum creatine kinase, serum potassium, and serum phosphorus level elevation; the degree of depression of serum albumin level; and the presence of dehydration at presentation or sepsis as the underlying cause. The predictive model that was developed correctly classified 93% of subjects and was statistically validated.
 ...
PMID:Factors predictive of acute renal failure in rhabdomyolysis. 338 1

Dicloxacillin protein binding was investigated in sera from 10 umbilical cords, 20 children (aged between 2 and 21 months) and in the plasma from 8 healthy young subjects, 7 healthy elderlies, 10 patients with liver cirrhosis, 10 patients with renal failure (glomerulonephritis) and 10 chronic uremics maintained on hemodialysis. The percentage unbound fraction (mean +/- SD) of dicloxacillin was 7.3 +/- 0.8 (healthy subjects), 9.8 +/- 0.6 (umbilical cords), 7.4 +/- 2.8 (children), 8.8 +/- 1.0 (elderlies), 11.8 +/- 6.3 (cirrhosis), 10.5 +/- 2.0 (renal failure), 12.7 +/- 2.0 (before hemodialysis) and 11.7 +/- 2.1 (after hemodialysis). Healthy subjects were different from all the groups (0.001 greater than p greater than 0.05) except children (p greater than 0.5) (Student's t-test). Human isolated albumin (45 g/l) bound dicloxacillin at the same degree as the plasma of healthy subjects. The kinetics of dicloxacillin protein binding was studied in three umbilical cord serum, three adult plasma specimens and in human serum albumin. The number of binding sites (n) and the association constant (k) were estimated by Lineweaver-Burk double reciprocal plot.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Plasma protein binding of dicloxacillin: effects of age and diseases. 342 65

The effect of end-stage renal failure and the dialytic process on erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is largely unknown. We prospectively studied 60 stable patients with end-stage renal disease to determine the prevalence of elevated ESR in this population. ESRs were also measured immediately pre- and postdialysis in 48 hemodialysis patients. ESR was found to be elevated (greater than or equal to 25 mm/h, Westergren method) in 93% of patients with end-stage renal failure. Fifty-seven percent of patients had marked elevation of ESR (greater than 60 mm/h), while 20% had extreme increases in ESR (greater than or equal to 100 mm/h). In a linear models analysis, aging (P less than .02), anemia (P less than .01), and hypocalcemia (P less than .0001) correlated significantly with ESR elevation. Midweek BUN and creatinine, type and duration of dialysis, cause of renal failure, and serum albumin and total protein measurements did not correlate with ESR. In 48 stable in-center hemodialysis patients, mean predialysis ESR of 70 +/- 4 mm/h was not significantly different from mean postdialysis ESR of 72 +/- 5 mm/h. Retrospective chart review of available ESRs prior to initiation of any dialysis treatment also revealed significant elevation of ESR, mean 82 +/- 9 mm/h, in patients with renal disease not yet on dialysis. An upward trend in ESR during acute illness (74 +/- 9 to 95 +/- 8, N = 10) was observed. In a subpopulation of patients, fibrinogen correlated significantly with ESR while gamma-globulins did not. We conclude that measurement of ESR in end-stage renal failure has little clinical utility. Possible explanations for acceleration of ESR in this population are discussed.
 ...
PMID:The erythrocyte sedimentation rate in end-stage renal failure. 360 82

Human hereditary nephritis refers to familial glomerular diseases which may progress to renal failure. Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy has been shown previously to be a model for hereditary nephritis. Clinical and laboratory studies were performed to follow progression to renal failure in 44 dogs in a family with Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy. Affected males appeared healthy for their first three months but then became progressively wasted. Proteinuria was detected between two to three months of age; after five months, urine protein electrophoresis showed pre-albumin, albumin and alpha and beta globulin peaks. From three months onward, a reduced glomerular filtration rate was detected. Serum albumin decreased while amylase, urea, creatinine and phosphate increased from four to five months of age. Death from renal failure occurred by 15 months. Carrier females also became thinner and developed proteinuria between two and three months of age, but neither renal failure nor death ensured. Hence, SHG progressed rapidly in affected males but not in carrier females.
 ...
PMID:Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy: serial, clinical and laboratory (urine, serum biochemistry and hematology) studies. 365 95

The effect of acute renal disease on the serum free fraction of phenytoin, diazepam and propranolol was examined in vitro among 37 patients with acute renal insufficiency of varying etiology and 10 healthy control subjects, men and women equally. The free fractions were separated at 37 degrees C using a pressure ultrafiltration method. The free fraction of phenytoin varied from about 14% to 45% and that of diazepam from 2% to 10%. The free fraction did not correlate significantly with either the serum urea or creatinine concentrations or the creatinine clearance within the acutely uremic group. The free fractions of propranolol varied considerably in the uremic patients but did not correlate significantly with the above parameters either. The mean free fractions of propranolol in the acutely uremics (11.9 +/- 1.0%, mean +/- SE) and controls (8.9 +/- 0.5%) did not differ significantly. The free fractions of both phenytoin and diazepam had a significant inverse correlation with the serum albumin level and that of propranolol with the alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha, AGP) level. The correlations were similar irrespective of the etiology of renal failure. In practice, the variable best predicting the phenytoin and diazepam free fractions in acute renal insufficiency is the serum albumin concentration, and for propranolol the serum alpha 1-AGP concentration.
 ...
PMID:Factors affecting serum protein binding of phenytoin, diazepam and propranolol in acute renal diseases. 367 17


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>