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Query: UMLS:C0035078 (renal failure)
 31,970 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The occurrence in a previously healthy infant of sudden febrile encephalopathy with shock and metabolic acidosis associated with liver and renal failure and bloody watery diarrhea has been reported by several authors in recent years. We report the same association in a 3 1/2 month-old infant. We discuss the similarities between this clinical picture and malignant hyperthermia and Reye syndrome.
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PMID:[Hemorrhagic shock syndrome with encephalopathy]. 357 85

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, or Sheehan's syndrome, is a rare complication of pregnancy, occurring in about 0.5% cases of jaundice in pregnancy. The anatomo-clinical picture and the biology of the condition is described using as basis a personal case history and the 28 cases to be found in the French literature. The condition shows, vomiting, abdominal pain and tachycardia in an apyrexial patient in the 3rd trimester of the pregnancy in which the disease occurs. The date shows itself a few days after the prodromal symptoms and is characterised by the triad of pruritus, jaundice and encephalopathy. All cases show an increased white blood count and hyperbilirubinaemia. If the condition goes on to become very serious one has to look for signs of haemorrhage and of liver and renal failure. Liver biopsy confirms the diagnosis. Prognosis will be improved if moderate forms are recognized early and if the condition is watched carefully. It may be necessary to stop the pregnancy before the serious conditions of the illness show up. Labour induced at the 37th week after checks had been made for fetal pulmonary maturity seemed to be a good way of treating the condition even if it has not yet become desperate. The final prognosis for the mother and the baby is always favourable if the baby is born alive.
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PMID:[Acute hepatic steatosis of pregnancy. Apropos of a case and review of the French literature]. 359 1

We attempted to produce a rat model of brain aluminum toxicity in order to explore whether or not aluminum accumulation produces the neurochemical changes observed in brains of patients who die with dialysis encephalopathy. Daily subcutaneous injection of Al(OH)3 caused marked elevation of serum aluminum concentrations, but did not increase brain aluminum contents, either in rats with normal renal function, or in rats with unilateral or 5/6 nephrectomies. LiCl pretreatment, which has been reported to cause irreversible renal failure, did not impair renal function nor aid in achieving elevated brain aluminum contents. No reductions in brain contents of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or in glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD, E.C.4.1.1.15) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT, E.C.2.3.1.6) activities were observed in aluminum-treated rats. We conclude that the rat is not a suitable laboratory animal to explore the role of aluminum toxicity in causing the GABA and ChAT deficits present in brains of hemodialyzed human patients.
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PMID:Inability to produce a model of dialysis encephalopathy in the rat by aluminum administration. 360 Sep 63

The case of a 29-year-old man with Niemann-Pick disease and hepatic failure is presented. Massive hepatomegaly with hepatic calcification were noted in association with a course of persistent hepatitis B serum antigenemia with rapid hepatic decompensation, ascites, encephalopathy and renal failure. The possible relationship of the clinical course to the underlying disease process is discussed, and a review of Niemann-Pick disease is presented.
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PMID:Hepatic failure in adult Niemann-Pick disease. 375 63

Bilateral facial weakness, diminished hearing and dysphagia developed in a patient with a large overdose of ethylene glycol. Our case and two others previously reported draw attention to the fact that cranial nerve dysfunction, especially bilateral facial palsy, may occur in addition to encephalopathy, coma and renal failure with ethylene glycol ingestion.
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PMID:Bilateral facial paralysis following ethylene glycol ingestion. 377 35

A case is reported of acute fatty liver of pregnancy with maternal and foetal survival inspite of jaundice, encephalopathy, renal failure, gastro-intestinal haemorrhage and serious coagulation problems. The acute fatty liver is a rare disease of unknown aetiology which occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy. Early diagnosis based on liver biopsy obtained by the transjugular route, immediate delivery of the foetus and intensive care improve an otherwise fatal prognosis.
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PMID:[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]. 381 47

Patients with aluminum accumulation show a heterogeneous distribution of the element throughout the body which is different from normals. In chronic renal failure, aluminum has been implicated in dialysis encephalopathy, vitamin D-resistant osteomalacia and microcytic hypochromic anemia. Disparities are observed between aluminum distribution and organ dysfunction. In patients with severe renal failure and aluminum overload, aluminum shows a heterogeneous distribution throughout the brain. The mechanisms of aluminum toxicity remain largely unknown. Desferrioxamine administration results in decreases of tissue aluminum levels and in regression of aluminum-associated pathology.
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PMID:Aluminum in tissues. 391 59

From 1974 through 1982, fulminant hepatitis was diagnosed in 34 patients at our institution. Of these patients, only two survived (survival rate, 6%). This syndrome was caused by viruses (B and non-B hepatitis and herpes simplex) in 23 patients, hepatotoxic drug in 6, Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) in 3, and industrial poisons in 2. Most of the patients died within 10 days after the onset of encephalopathy. The poor prognosis in our group of patients was probably related to the preponderance of older patients and cases caused by non-B hepatitis virus. In our patients, the clinical course was complicated by renal failure, ascites, bleeding, sepsis, pancreatitis, and seizures. The major cause of death was hepatic failure.
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PMID:Fulminant hepatitis: Mayo Clinic experience with 34 cases. 392 80

Sixty-four patients admitted with acute alcoholic hepatitis, with or without underlying cirrhosis, were randomized regardless of encephalopathy to receive a controlled diet either alone, or supplemented orally, nasogastrically, or intravenously as necessary, with 2000 kCal and 10 g nitrogen daily. Whether this came from a conventional protein source or a branched chain amino acid enriched formulation was also randomly determined. In the absence of renal failure, nitrogen intakes of 10 g or more daily were invariably associated with positive nitrogen balance, but complications of liver dysfunction prevented the attainment of significantly more positive balance in the supplemented groups than in controls. Neither in the series as a whole, nor in any identifiable subgroup of patients, was mortality affected by treatment. Changes in prothrombin time and in measured nutritional parameters during the study did not differ between supplemented and control groups, and the observed changes in midarm muscle circumference appeared to reflect changes in degree of fluid retention. Neither enteral nor parenteral branched chain amino acids showed any consistent effect upon encephalopathy.
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PMID:Controlled trial of nutritional supplementation, with and without branched chain amino acid enrichment, in treatment of acute alcoholic hepatitis. 393 9

A 14-month-old Holstein heifer collapsed suddenly and died. Significant gross post mortem findings were limited to the kidneys. Histopathological examination revealed a severe, chronic, diffuse, interstitial nephritis. Microscopic examination of the brain revealed a multifocal spongiform encephalopathy, closely resembling that seen in cattle with hepatic encephalopathy. As is well recognized in man, this is a case of encephalopathy resulting from renal failure.
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PMID:Renal encephalopathy in a cow. 405 11


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