Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0035078 (renal failure)
 31,970 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Extrahepatic manifestations due to an immunologic response to a surface antigen of hepatitis B virus have been identified. These include a serum sicknesslike syndrome and a necrotizing vasculitis. The latter is far more important and in indistinguishable histologically from nonhepatitis related polyarteritis. At least 90 cases have been reported in the decade since 1970, and five are added here. The necrotizing vasculitis syndrome results from fibrinoid necrosis and inflammation of small and medium-sized arterial walls recognizable angiographically by arterial microaneurysms and often by visceral infarction and hemorrhage. Renal failure is common and often associated with pulmonary edema. Gastrointestinal symptoms are a prominent feature due to bowel ischemia. Infarction and perforation are significant causes of morbidity and mortality. Necrotizing vasculitis is also one cause of pancreatitis and of cholecystitis. Plain films, contrast studies, computed tomography, and sonography have been shown to be useful in the recognition of these complications.
 ...
PMID:Radiologic recognition of extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis B antigenemia. 611 55

Takayasu's arteritis, pulseless disease or occlusive thromboaortopathy, is a progressive disease usually of young women. Early morbidity and death result from ischemia of vital organs. The results of surgical revascularization have been disappointing. Two women with Takayasu's arteritis are reported. They underwent transluminal dilatation of serious symptomatic stenoses of the origins of the left carotid, left subclavian, renal and superior mesenteric arteries. Four repeat dilatations were required. There was one complication. Clinical syndromes of transient cerebral ischemia, upper limb claudication, renal failure and intestinal angina have been reversed by transluminal dilatation. Percutaneous transluminal dilatation is a suggested alternative to surgical revascularization in selected patients with Takayasu's arteritis.
 ...
PMID:Transluminal dilatation for Takayasu's arteritis. 614 97

Various metabolic, cellular, and subcellular alterations in cell function and morphology occur during shock or low-flow conditions. In attempting to find treatment programs that would be beneficial following shock, various substrates have been used. Infusion of hypertonic glucose during shock has been shown to improve survival; however, it is unlikely that the effect of glucose is by provision of energy until the circulation is restored. Infusion of glucose--insulin--potassium during shock has also been reported to be beneficial in certain clinical situations. Controversies exist concerning the efficacy of infusions of cyclic AMP, nicotinamide, and Krebs cycle intermediates during shock. Pretreatment of kidneys with inosine or raising glycogen stores of the myocardium have been shown to have protective effects of kidneys and myocardium during ischemia and these procedures may be suitable for organ preservation. Pretreatment with allopurinol has been shown to be beneficial in shock; however, it is unlikely that allopurinol by itself if given following shock would have any salutary effects. Treatment with ATP-MgCl2 has been shown to be beneficial following hemorrhagic shock, sepsis, endotoxin shock, burns, postischemic hepatic failure, and postischemic renal failure. Thus, provision of energy directly in the form of ATP during adverse circulatory conditions appears to be the most advantageous and direct method for the treatment of shock.
 ...
PMID:The use of substrates and energy in the treatment of shock. 627 59

The decreased filtration fraction and glomerular filtration rate characteristic of renal failure could be produced, at least in part, by increased concentration of an endogenous substance which constricts afferent and dilates efferent arterioles. Adenosine satisfies several criteria: (a) exogenous adenosine and its precursors decrease filtration fraction and glomerular filtration rate; (b) the kidneys produce and release adenosine, and production and release are augmented during conditions associated with the induction of renal failure--hypoxia, ischemia, and renal vasoconstriction; (c) several substances known to antagonize adenosine-uptake processes in some cells, which could thereby increase extracellular adenosine concentration, not only have "adenosine-like" effects on the kidney but also induce and/or potentiate existing renal failure. A corollary of this hypothesis is that adenosine-receptor antagonists, such as the methylxanthines, should counteract the hemodynamic changes characteristic of renal failure. It has been known for several years that aminophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine ethylenediamine) increases the filtration fraction and the glomerular filtration rate.
 ...
PMID:Hypothesis: adenosine mediates hemodynamic changes in renal failure. 628 27

Blood has a number of rheological properties which partially determine flow, especially at capillary level, and its capacity to deliver oxygen. It is non-Newtonian, pseudoplastic, thixotropic and viscoelastic. Viscosity can be studied with different types of viscosimeters (coaxial cylinder or capillary viscosimeters). It can be defined by the ratio of stress of deformation to rate of deformation. Viscosity depends on macrorheological parameters: hematocrit, serum proteins, especially fibrinogen and globulins, and also on microrheological parameters: degree of aggregation and red blood cell deformability. Viscosity rises when the temperature falls and decreases with the radius of the tube through which the blood flows (Fahraeus-Linqvist effects). Blood viscosity is studied clinically at different temperatures, and, above all, at different rates of deformation by carefully recording the hematocrit. Plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, albumia and immunoglobulin levels, the viscosity of blood cell suspensions in normal saline must also be taken into consideration. Special investigations (rheoscopy, filtrability) provide information about red cell aggregation and deformability. Hyperviscosity syndromes are observed with: --raised hematocrit (polycythemia and pseudopolycythemia), --conditions with raised serum proteins or changes in their composition (especially hyperfibrinogenemia, raised immunoglobulins, low albumin levels); inflammatory syndromes, dysglobulinemias (Fahey's syndrome of plasma hyperviscosity), --low temperature (hypothermia), --increased red cell aggregability (shock, fat embolism), --reduced red cell deformability due to various congenital and acquired conditions (sickle cell anemia, renal failure, hyperlipoproteinemia, thrombosis, diabetes). Conversely, hypoviscosity may occur with a low hematocrit, hypoproteinemia, hypofibrinogenemia, and hyperthermia. Increased viscosity results in a slowing of blood flow, stagnation of its constituents and in ischemia. Therapeutic interventions may be considered on the different components of the hyperviscosity syndrome: hemodilation, plasmapheresis, dispersion of aggregants, agents acting on red cell deformability.
 ...
PMID:[Blood hyperviscosity syndromes. Classification and physiopathological understanding. Therapeutic deductions]. 636 7

The gelatine-resorcine-formol glue (GRF) was used to reinforce the tissues of 25 patients operated for acute dissection of the ascending aorta, between January 1977 and September 1980. The results were compared with those of a control group of 25 patients operated between 1970 and 1976 by "classical techniques". There were no significant differences between the two groups as regards age, anatomical and preoperative clinical states. The ascending aorta was replaced in all patients; the aortic valve was replaced three times (12 p. 100) in the GRF group and twelve times (48 p. 100) in the control group: the coronary arteries were bypassed or reimplanted in 20 p. 100 of patients in both groups. The average peroperative blood loss was 5,800 ml in the control group and 2,100 ml in the GRF group (p less than 0,01). There were four peroperative deaths (16 p. 100) in the control group and no peroperative deaths in the GRF group. Postoperative complications (renal failure, cerebral ischemia, persistent peripheral ischemia or infection) were much more common in the control group. They were responsible for eight hospital deaths in the control group and two hospital deaths in the GRF group (p less than 0,01). Therefore, global hospital mortality was reduced from 48 p. 100 (control group) to 8 p. 100 (GRF group) (p less than 0,01). Two late deaths occurred in the control group, but there were none in the GRF one, all survivors being in good clinical condition. Sixteen patients in the GRF group underwent 19 angiographic controls, 2 to 36 months after surgery. These investigations showed two moderate aortic regurgitations (8 p. 100), three persistent dissections of the descending aorta but a stable, good quality repair in the other patients. In conclusion, the use of GRF glue significantly reduced: 1) the number of aortic valve replacements, 2) per- and postoperative blood loss, 3) the incidence and severity of postoperative complications. The long-term survival rate (4 years) has improved from 40 to 91 p. 100.
 ...
PMID:[4-year clinical experience with gelatin-resorcinol-formol glue in acute dissections of the ascending aorta]. 640 19

The local renal blood flow in rabbits was determined by means of hydrogen gas clearance. Simultaneously, to clarify intrarenal redistribution during ischemic renal failure, renal vessels were occluded for some period. Namely, the rabbits were divided into three groups according to the duration of warm ischemia, which was 30, 60 and 120 minutes. The cortical and paramedullary blood flow were 215.0 +/- 29.8 and 145.6 +/- 26.3 ml/min/100 g, respectively, in the control group. In the three ischemic groups, each renal blood flow was only reduced by about 30% after 10 minutes following release of occlusion. In cases of ischemia of 30 or 60 minutes, no distinct intrarenal redistribution was seen. However, in 120 minute ischemia a slight decrement of cortical blood flow occurred after 40 minutes following release of clamp. Hydrogen gas clearance can be used to measure regional blood flow repeatedly. This method should be clinically applicable.
 ...
PMID:[Renal blood flow in rabbit using hydrogen clearance method]. 648 64

Experiments were performed on rats to investigate the significance of the medullary hyperemia known to follow renal ischemia. To this end, its frequency was determined, its severity was quantified, and its relation to renal function was examined early (1 to 3 hr) and later (18 hr) after 45 min of warm ischemia. All kidneys were found to have a hyperemic outer medulla early after ischemia, which was shown to develop during the period of ischemia itself, but which was found to be highly variable in its severity. The degree of hyperemia was assessed both subjectively by grading and by histometric determinations of inner stripe capillary volume. One to hours after ischemia, the severity of medullary hyperemia was reflected in all indices of renal function, the least congested kidneys showing the best function. Eighteen hours after ischemia, the degree of medullary hyperemia was reflected in all indices of renal function, except urine flow rate; the non-congested kidneys showed functional recovery and the still-congested kidneys showed worsening function. Glomerular blood flow, known to be preferentially reduced in deep nephrons 1 to 3 hr after ischemia, had normalized 18 hr after ischemia in the non-congested kidneys but was still severely and unevenly depressed in the congested kidneys. It is concluded that congestion of the outer medulla is a key event in ischemic renal failure, its occurrence is coincidental with the reduction in deep nephron perfusion and urinary concentrating power in the early and maintenance phase and its disappearance heralds the restoration of deep nephron perfusion and urinary concentrating ability in the recovery phase.
 ...
PMID:Role of the medullary perfusion defect in the pathogenesis of ischemic renal failure. 651 74

Myoglobinuria and acute renal failure were observed in two patients with vasopressin-treated gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Because there were no other obvious causes of renal failure in either patient, we propose that skeletal muscle ischemia developed during vasopressin infusion, followed by release of myoglobin and renal damage. This association should be considered in the period after vasopressin-treated gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
 ...
PMID:Myoglobinuria and acute renal failure associated with intravenous vasopressin infusion. 661 Sep 43

We describe two brothers, 25 and 19 years-old, with muscle pain and decreased strength after prolonged exercise; these symptoms are worsened by cold whether of fasting. One of the patients developed recurrent myoglobinuria and had one episode of renal failure. Laboratory investigations were normal between the crises, but during myoglobinuria, serum creatine kinase activity increased 100 times. Electromyography was suggestive of denervation. Muscle biopsy showed increased lipid droplets by the "oil red O" stain and increased activity of succinic dehydrogenase histochemical reaction. Lactate production during ischemia was normal. Biochemical analysis showed decreased carnitine-palmityl-transferase activity in muscle (7.23 and 10.58 nmoles/min/gr; normal range 66.7 +/- 17.3), with normal values for carnitine-octanoyl-transferase and carnitine-acetyl-transferase. The metabolic pathway of fatty acid utilization as an energy source for muscle during exercise in normal and in pathological conditions is discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Myopathy due to carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency. Report of 2 cases with enzymatic analyses on muscle tissue]. 666 Nov 2


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10