Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 31-year-old woman developed multiple synchronous in situ carcinomas of the cervix uteri, vulva and perineal skin, six years after successful renal transplantation for chronic renal failure due to chronic pyelonephritis. During this time she had been continuously treated with immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine and prednisolone). The lesions were treated by local excision and there was no evidence of recurrence nearly two years after the primary treatment. The case history is compared to others recently described and highlights the risk of epithelial as well as lymphomatous malignancies in renal transplant recipients.
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PMID:Simultaneous in situ carcinoma of the cervix, vulva and perineum after immunosuppressive therapy for renal transplantation. 32 Oct 3

Urinary tract infection is a common disorder of childhood which frequently causes no symptoms. Bacteriological proof should always be obtained because symptoms may be misleading. The diagnosis of a first infection should lead to radiological investigation. Routine tests to localize the site of infection are not yet available but their use in the future in conjunction with increased awareness of the factors leading to pyelonephritis should help to identify children at risk from renal damage. Two thirds of children with urinary infections have normal lower urinary tracts or only minor abnormalities and may be treated for symptomatic infections with intermittent antibiotics. The risk of renal damage from infection is virtually confined to the remainder: children with obstructive uropathy, preschool children with severe vesicoureteric reflux, and those with pre-existing chronic renal failure. It remains to be shown by controlled therapeutic trials whether renal scarring can be prevented by long-term chemoprophylaxis or surgical correction of reflux. Until the results of current trails are known, children with reflux or impaired renal function should be treated medically in the first instance and screening of healthy children for covert bacteriuria should probably be confined to the preschool age-group.
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PMID:The management of urinary infections in children. 32 22

Study of case-notes and autopsy reports of patients with renal disease suggests that analgesic nephropathy is responsible for at least 12 per cent of cases of chronic renal failure, Between 1970 and 1975 eight new cases of analgesic nephropathy were seen annually in a population of three-quarters of a million. This is equivalent to an incidence of 490 new cases per year in England and Wales. Fifty-five patients with analgesic nephropathy were followed from one to 84 months for a total of 190 patient years. Changes in renal function were correlated with bacteriuria, hypertension and analgesic consumption. One-third of the cases had been misdiagnosed and analgesic abuse was only revealed by thorough examination of case-notes and autopsy records, together with careful questioning of patients and relatives. A number of cases had been classified as chronic pyelonephritis. The calculated survival rate at five years was 44 per cent. Mortality was related to the level of analgesic consumption and the degree of renal failure at the time of diagnosis. The prognosis was poor if serum creatinine at presentation was greater than 400 mumol/l. There was no significant correlation between deterioration in renal function and bacteriuria or hypertension. Forty-two per cent of the patients were taking analgesics for arthritis; 27 per cent had rheumatoid arthritis. Most had been taking large quantities of analgesic mixtures containing phenacetin. Renal papillary necrosis was present in only 26 per cent on intravenous urography but was found in all those examined at autopsy. Twenty thousand, two hundred and twenty-nine autopsy reports were examined for the presence of renal disease. Renal papillary necrosis was found in 0.41 per cent, and could be attributed to analgesic nephropathy in 24 per cent. In patients under 65 years of age analgesic nephropathy appeared to be a more frequent cause of death than chronic pyelonephritis. The report indicates the need for careful enquiry about analgesic consumption in all patients with renal disease, and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and cessation of analgesics in suspected cases of analgesic nephropathy.
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PMID:Analgesic nephropathy: an important cause of chronic renal failure. 67 50

In patients with chronic renal failure due to glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis or polycystic kidneys the urinary clearance of free chloramphenicol (C(CHL)) was depressed proportionally to GFR (C(In)). The ordinate intercept of the regression line of C(CHL) on C(In), however, consistently was positive (+3 to +5 ml/min). The fractional excretion of chloramphenicol in renal failure increased from its normal value of 50 percent as an exponential function of the decrease of GFR, and as a linear function of the fractional excretion of water or of sodium. Dietary sodium restriction had no influence on C(CHL) in the patients, while water diuresis, in normal subjects, enhanced the urinary excretion of chloramphenicol. The data suggest that chloramphenicol is reabsorbed by back-diffusion and that increases of the rate of flow of urine and tubular fluid prevent back-diffusion.
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PMID:The effects of functional adaptation of residual nephrons on the urinary excretion of drugs. 73 57

All cases of persistent renal failure in infants less than 1 year of age were reviewed to determine whether the prognosis has improved equally for infants as for adults. During a ten-year period, 52 infants were treated by applying uniform therapy; 28, more than half, were less than 4 weeks old. All cases were separated into two groups; 19 infants without and 33 infants with congenital renal or urinary tract anomalies. In 20 patients of the latter group, additional serious anomalies of other organs were present. The age distribution was strikingly different: in 18 of 21 infants, renal anomalies were present, as diagnosed on the first day of life. In contrast, only 3 of 11 infants, 4 to 12 months old, had urinary tract anomalies. In infants without renal anomalies, renal failure was caused by hypotension or shock in 10 of 19 cases, by pyelonephritis or sepsis un 6 of 19. Of this group, eight infants (42%) recovered completely, nine (47%) died. Death occurred within one to two days of hospitalization in all but three cases, caused by shock or sepsis. In this group medical problems that are amenable to therapy have caused either renal failure or contributed to the infant's death. In infants with renal or urinary tract anomalies, renal failure was caused by renal dysplasia or agenesis in 16 of 33 infants, by urinary tract obstruction in 12 of 33. Only three patients (9%) recovered, all older than 4 months, 20 (61%) died, and 10 are living with signs of chronic renal failure. Death usually occurred within one week of hospitalization and, in 16 of 20, it was caused by renal failure and multiple additional anomalies. The multiplicity and complexity of the congenital anomalies in most instances precluded effective, lifesaving therapy. Renal failure in infants is still a serious disease accompained by a high mortality rate in which therapeutic possibilities are limited. No improvement in prognosis can be expected in the near future. Pediatrics, 59:987-994, 1977, RENAL FAILURE, CONGENITAL RENAL ANOMALIES, INFANT, ISCHEMIC RENAL DAMAGE.
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PMID:Renal failure during the first year of life. 86 67

The erythrocyte cholesterol, total phospholipid and individual phospholipids content have been determined in patients with chronic renal failure, resulting from glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis. The rise in total phospholipid, confined predominantly to the sphingomyelin and lecithin classes was found. It was often accompanied by decrease in the phosphatidylethanol-amine content. The cholesterol/phospholipid ratio was found to be reduced. The excessive lipid loss during incubation of erythrocytes in glucose-rich medium has been observed in some patients.
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PMID:Erythrocyte lipids in chronic renal failure. 86 79

Vesicoureteral reflux was observed in 19 of 180 patients (10.5%) with end-stage chronic renal failure. The underlying disease in the patients with reflux was chronic glomerulonephritis in 8.3%, chronic pyelonephritis in 28.5% and renal hypoplasia in 40%. Reflux was bilateral in 13 patients and unilateral in six. Most likely bladder dysfunction due to uremia may have been the cause of the reflux.
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PMID:Vesicoureteral reflux in patients in end-stage chronic renal failure. 110 6

In a total of 110 patients with chronic renal failure, 46.4% of the cases had a serum lipase activity exceeding 200 IU, the upper limit of the norm. The degree of reduction of renal function is positively correlated to the frequency of hyperlipasaemia as well as to the elevation of the lipase activity in serum. At a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 20 ml/min, hyperlipasaemia in chronic glomerulonephritis was found in 75%, significantly more frequent than in chronic pyelonephritis (46.8%). The frequency and degree of hyperlipasaemia was not influenced by haemodialysis. Significantly elevated serum lipase activities were also observed in experimentally produced chronic renal failure in the rat.
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PMID:Serum lipase activity in chronic renal failure. 117 47

In a 38-year-old woman the process of developing chronic renal failure in Bournevill-Pringle's disease is described. The diagnosis is based on the typical skin lesions as well as the familiary affliction concerning four generations. Only in the fourth generation a brain involvement is detectable. In the presented case cystic mixed tumors of the kidneys are responsible for the renal insufficiency, combined with consecutive pyelonephritis. According to the changing clinical expressivity of this congenital disease it can be deduced, that Pringle's disease is in this case an abortive form of tuberous sclerosis. The basic lesion of tuberous sclerosis is hamartomatous tissue change. The brain, skin, bones and kidneys are the most commonly affected sites.
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PMID:[Chronic renal failure in bourneville-pringle's disease (author's transl)]. 122 16

With the purpose of establishing the clinicopathologic correlation in pyelonephritis and to discard other interstitial nephrites, with present day morphologic criteria we analysed 63 casos that had been diagnosed as pyelonephritis, following Weiss and Parker's histologic criterion. The clinicopathologic diagnosis of pyelonephritis was confirmed in 12 cases; all of them showed obstructive uropathy and in most of them, there was chronic renal failure. Interstitial nephritis was established in 27 cases, all of them showing septicemia and almost half of the cases showed acute renal failure. Other 20 cases showed tubulointerstitial nephritis secondary to different types of glomerulopathies, fetal glomerulosclerosis, dysplasias, nephrophthisis, radiation nephritis and renal infarct. In 4 cases, the study of sections finer than the original, showed absence of histopathologic lesions. The results of the present study point out the main causes of confusion with the pathological diagnosis of pyelonephritis, the necessity to investigate predisposing uropathy in patients with urinary infection and stresses the importance to establish correlation with clinical and laboratory findings in cases with tubulointerstitial lesions.
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PMID:[Pyelonephritis and bacterial tubulointerstitial nephritis]. 125 17


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