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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The new fluoroquinolones have activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In order to differentiate between the compounds, the authors have compared their in vitro activities and correlated these results with their in vivo efficacies. Norfloxacin (N), pefloxacin (P), enoxacin (E), ofloxacin (O), difloxacin (D), ciprofloxacin (C), fleroxacin (F), A-61827 (A), temafloxacin (T) and lomefloxacin (L) were used in these studies. In vitro, C was the most active compound against Gram-negative aerobic bacteria and A was the most active compound against Gram-positive cocci and anaerobic bacteria. In mouse protection tests, C, D, A, O, T and F had similar activities against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. D, T and A were the most active quinolones against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes and Strep. pneumoniae in mouse protection tests. D was the most active agent against intracellular infection with Salmonella typhimurium, followed by O, T, A and F. The other compounds were ineffective in this test. All the quinolones were effective in treating E. coli pyelonephritis in mice. The doses required to treat P. aeruginosa pyelonephritis in mice were four times greater than those required to treat E. coli. Resistant P. aeruginosa mutants could be isolated from the kidneys after quinolone treatment. Systemic infections with E. coli, Staph. aureus and P. aeruginosa in neutropenic mice required high doses of the fluoroquinolones and F, T and A were ineffective at doses of 100 mg/kg against P. aeruginosa in this model. Differences in in vitro potencies were not reflected in in vivo efficacies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Correlation of in vitro activities of the fluoroquinolones to their in vivo efficacies. 314 51

It is estimated that more than 110 million dollars' worth of oral antibiotics will have been sold in Canada in 1987. In the next few years several new oral antimicrobial agents will reach the market, including beta-lactamase inhibitors, cephalosporins, monobactams, erythromycins and quinolones. Most of these new agents have a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity than the presently available oral antibiotics. A few have a longer half-life and can be administered once a day. The new oral drugs, especially the quinolones and possibly beta-lactams, will now be used to treat infections that in the past could be treated only parenterally. Exacerbations of pulmonary infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis can now be successfully treated at home with the new quinolones. Osteomyelitis, arthritis, pneumonia and pyelonephritis will most likely be treated at home in the future. In severe infections patients will be admitted to hospital for short courses of parenteral therapy, followed by oral treatment. If used appropriately the new oral agents may lead to new approaches to the treatment of infectious diseases.
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PMID:The future of new oral antibiotics including the quinolones. 327 79

On the basis of a clinical study an analysis about 86 patients with obstructing bilateral nephrolithiasis and chronic obstructive infection of the urinary tract is elaborated. In order to illustrate the change of resistance of the causative agents during a period of 10 years (1973-1982) two separated 5-year analyses are compared. It is made evident that the relations of sensitivity to seven chemotherapeutic drugs in Coli, Proteus and Pseudomonas infections have changed in favour of increasing resistances of causative agents. The results obtained are an expression of the unstableness of antibiotic therapies under palliative purpose when urological basic diseases are not removed. From the analysis the demand for changing the general problems of obstructive pyelonephritis without possible operative sanation becomes evident. early diagnosis and treatment of predisposing factors are the two keystones of our efforts, when the chronic obstructive infection of the urinary tract by resistant causative agents shall not remain a therapeutic problem in the same measure as hitherto.
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PMID:[Value of antibacterial therapy in chronic obstructive urinary tract infections]. 332 49

A-61827 (A-60969 is the hydrochloric salt of A-61827) is a new aryl-fluoronaphthyridine which is active against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The MICs of A-61827 for 90% of strains (MIC90) of staphylococci and streptococci were less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml and were generally 1 to 4 twofold dilutions less than those of ciprofloxacin for these bacteria. The MIC90S of A-61827 for members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. Ciprofloxacin was 1 to 3 twofold dilutions more active than A-61827 against these gram-negative bacteria. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Campylobacter jejuni, and Haemophilus influenzae were susceptible to less than 0.06 microgram of A-61827 per ml. The MIC90 of A-61827 for Legionella pneumophila was 0.25 microgram/ml. A-61827 was as potent or 1 to 2 twofold dilutions more potent than ciprofloxacin against these organisms. The MIC90 of A-61827 for all anaerobic bacteria was less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml compared with less than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml for ciprofloxacin. In mouse protection tests, A-61827 was as active as ciprofloxacin against Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium and 5 to 10 times more active than ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. A-61827 was as active as ciprofloxacin against P. aeruginosa in a mouse pyelonephritis model and more active than ciprofloxacin and metronidazole in a mouse Bacteroides fragilis abscess model. After oral administration of 100 mg/kg to mice, the peak concentrations of A-61827 and ciprofloxacin in serum were 2.3 and 2.4 micrograms/ml and the half-lives in serum were 3.9 and 1.2 h, respectively.
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PMID:A-61827 (A-60969), a new fluoronaphthyridine with activity against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. 334 9

Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was studied for its efficacy and safety in 8 cases of infection during the perinatal period; 6 before, and 2 after delivery. The results obtained are recognized as follows: 1. CTRX was administered by intravenous drip infusion at a daily dose between 2 and 4 g for 2 to 10 days (a total dose: 4 to 20 g) each of 8 cases of infections during the perinatal period; 3 of amniotic fluid infection and 1 each of intrauterine infection, puerperal fever, puerperal wound infection, appendicitis and pyelonephritis. CTRX was evaluated to be very effective in 3, effective in 3 and ineffective in 2, with an efficacy rate of 75% (6/8). 2. Two strains of Enterococcus faecalis and 1 each of Pseudomonas cepacia and Streptococcus intermedius were isolated. All of them were eradicated by the CTRX treatment bacteriologically. 3. No adverse reactions were observed subjectively or objectively. A slight transient elevation of GOT, GPT and Al-P was observed in 1 case. No abnormal sign was observed in neonates.
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PMID:[Effects of ceftriaxone on infections during the perinatal period]. 340 48

The urinary antiseptic efficacy of cefsulodin (Monaspor--Ciba) was studied in 22 patients with active pyelonephritis. The results were considered very good in 81.8% of the patients with urologic infections caused by P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis and E. Coli. The drug was well tolerated. The microbiological studies in vitro of the urinary antiseptic efficacy of Monaspor on 575 bacterial strains isolated from patients with active pyelonephritis showed that the antibiotic was most active against Pseudomonas sp., beta-streptococcus, Staph. aureus, P. mirabilis.
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PMID:[Clinico-therapeutic and microbiological research on the preparation Monaspor in patients with active pyelonephritis]. 341 87

The in vitro and in vivo properties of a new 1-difluorophenyl-6-fluoroquinolone, temafloxacin hydrochloride (A-62254), were compared with those of difloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Temafloxacin hydrochloride was as active as ciprofloxacin and difloxacin against staphylococci and as active as ciprofloxacin and 2 twofold dilutions more active than difloxacin against streptococci. Against gram-negative enteric bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, temafloxacin hydrochloride was 2 twofold dilutions more active than difloxacin but 2 to 4 twofold dilutions less active than ciprofloxacin. The MICs of temafloxacin hydrochloride and difloxacin were increased by 2 to 5 twofold dilutions in urine at pH 6.5 compared with 4 to 5 twofold-dilution increases in the MICs of ciprofloxacin. The MICs of temafloxacin hydrochloride, difloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were increased by 1 to 3 twofold dilutions in serum. The MICs of temafloxacin hydrochloride, difloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were the same or within 1 to 2 twofold dilutions at pHs 6.5, 7.2, and 8.0. When administered orally in mouse protection tests, temafloxacin hydrochloride was as active as difloxacin and 5 to 10 times more active than ciprofloxacin against infections with Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci. Against infections with gram-negative enteric bacteria and P. aeruginosa, temafloxacin hydrochloride was as active as difloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Temafloxacin hydrochloride was three times less active than difloxacin but was five times more active than ciprofloxacin against infections with Salmonella typhimurium. Temafloxacin hydrochloride was as active as difloxacin and ciprofloxacin against P. aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis pyelonephritis in mice. The peak serum concentration and serum half-life of temafloxacin hydrochloride in mice were approximately one-half and one-sixth, respectively, that of difloxacin after oral administration. The peak serum concentration of temafloxacin hydrochloride in mice after oral administration was six times higher than that of ciprofloxacin, and the serum half-life was equal to that of ciprofloxacin.
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PMID:Comparative antibacterial activities of temafloxacin hydrochloride (A-62254) and two reference fluoroquinolones. 343 23

The therapeutic activity of ofloxacin, a new oral fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, was tested in experimental infections in rodents. Its activity was compared with that of nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyelonephritis in the rat, and with that of amikacin and cefotaxime in Proteus morganii thigh infections in mice. Ofloxacin proved to be more effective than reference drugs, even if parenterally administered, in reducing the bacterial count in muscle, kidney and urine.
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PMID:Ofloxacin: therapeutic activity in experimental infections. 346 74

The antibacterial activity of ofloxacin, a new gyrase inhibitor, was tested in experimental acute occlusive pyelonephritis in rats caused by Escherichia coli O4:H5 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa A 9532. Therapy was performed using increasing concentrations of the substance during three days. Effectiveness of therapy was investigated by determination of the bacterial counts in the tissue of kidneys and in the urine obtained by puncture of the bladder. As little as 3 X 3.75 mg/kg/day of the substance was effective and reduced the E. coli counts. The dosage of 3 X 7.5 mg/kg/day was effective in pseudomonas infections.
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PMID:[Results of ofloxacin treatment of experimental urinary tract infections]. 351 71

A-56619 and A-56620 are two new aryl-fluoroquinolones which are as potent as or more potent than norfloxacin when administered orally and subcutaneously in mouse protection tests against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. A-56619 and A-56620 were more potent than norfloxacin when administered orally against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A-56620 was as potent or two- to threefold more potent than norfloxacin when administered subcutaneously against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infection with Salmonella typhimurium was more effectively treated with A-56619 (50% effective dose [ED50], 1.4 mg/kg per day) than with norfloxacin (ED50, 62.8 mg/kg per day). E. coli or Pseudomonas pyelonephritis in mice was more effectively treated with A-56619 or A-56620 than with norfloxacin. After oral treatment, the ED50s of A-56619 and A-56620 were less than 12.5 mg/kg per day against E. coli and 62.9 and 38 mg/kg per day against P. aeruginosa pyelonephritis, respectively. Norfloxacin was ineffective at 200 mg/kg per day against E. coli or P. aeruginosa pyelonephritis. A-56619 and A-56620 were also more potent than norfloxacin in treatment of mixed bacterial pyelonephritis caused by E. coli and Streptococcus faecalis. A-56619 was at least 30 times more potent than norfloxacin and A-56620 was 4 to 11 times more potent than norfloxacin when administered against Klebsiella pneumonia in mice. A-56619 and A-56620 were at least 2 to 10 times more potent than norfloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus infections in immunosuppressed mice. A-56619 was equally potent in all in vivo tests when administered orally or subcutaneously, whereas A-56620 was similar to norfloxacin in being more potent when administered subcutaneously. The peak serum levels after subcutaneous and oral administration of A-56619 and A-56620 were higher than that of norfloxacin. The serum hal-lives of A-56619 and A-56620 after subcutaneous and oral administration were longer than the serum half-life of norfloxacin.
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PMID:In vivo evaluation of A-56619 (difloxacin) and A-56620: new aryl-fluoroquinolones. 352 73


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