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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Etiopathogenesis of inflammatory processes of the urinary tract, mainly of obstructive uropathy and chronic pyelonephritis, is reviewed. The most frequent cause of obstruction is renal calculosis; in the pathogenesis of chronic pyelonephritis the following factors are of great importance: renal and urethral anomalies, renal stones, pregnancy, bladder instrumentation as catheterisation, etc. We analyzed 2101 random by selected hospital patients and found significant bacteriuria in 740 (35 p.c.) of them. The most frequent cultured bacteria which caused urinary infection were: Proteus strains (29.3 p.c), E. coli (27.5 p.c.) and Pseudomonas aerug. (13,6 p.c.) Significant bacteriuria was more frequent in men than in women, but E. coli was more frequent in women (71.5 p.c.). Proteus, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella were more frequent in men. It should be noted that the majority of patients with positive urinary cultures were subjects treated at the Urology Department; and that men prevailed. This is the reason why our results related to the causing bacteria differed from those found in general population.
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PMID:[Etiopathogenesis of the inflammation process and the incidence of urinary tract infections]. 210 60

Cefpirome (HR 810) is a new cephalosporin with a 2,3-cyclopentenopyridine group in the 3-position side chain. It was compared with other cephem antibiotics in protective and therapeutic effects on various experimental infections, systemic and local, in mice and rats. HR 810 had more potent protective effect than ceftazidime (CAZ), cefoperazone (CPZ), and cefotaxime (CTX) on systemic infections induced by Escherichia coli Ec-31, Staphylococcus aureus SMITH, and Serratia marcescens Sm-6 in mice. Against systemic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa HR 810 was as effective as CAZ. Mice with leukopenia induced by cyclophosphamide were systemically infected with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Enterococcus faecalis. HR 810 was superior to cefuzonam (CZON) and cefmetazole against MRSA and MSSA and was much more active than any other antibiotics tested against E. cloacae and A. calcoaceticus. In the activity against E. faecalis, HR 810 was inferior to ampicillin but superior to CZON. In mice with pyelonephritis caused by E. coli Ec-7, the rank order of activities was HR 810 greater than CAZ greater than CTX greater than CPZ. HR 810 was more effective than latamoxef, CAZ, CTX, and CPZ in improving lung infections induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae HL 438 and Klebsiella pneumoniae Kp-51 in mice. HR 810 was superior to CTX and CPZ and comparable to cefazolin in therapeutic effects on intrauterine infections with E. coli Ec-89 and S. aureus SMITH in rats.
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PMID:Therapeutic effects of cefpirome, a new cephalosporin, on various models of infections in mice and rats. 219 11

In seven studies of complicated and recurrent urinary tract infections, 285 patients were treated with norfloxacin 400 mg b.i.d. for 7-90 days. The majority of the patients were men, and many were elderly. Underlying diseases included nephrolithiasis, pyelonephritis, prostatism, bacterial prostatitis, prostate cancer, retroperitoneal fibrosis, quadriplegia/paraplegia, neurogenic bladder, and urethral stricture. Many of the infections were due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa or other multiply resistant strains. More than 95% of the pretreatment bacterial isolates were susceptible to norfloxacin. The bacteriologic cure rate ranged from 67 to 100%. Of 45 patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis, 40 (89%) were cured. Few failures of treatment were due to the emergence of bacterial resistance. Of 29 recurrent infections, 6 (20%) were caused by resistant bacteria. Both clinical and laboratory adverse reactions were infrequent and minor, and rarely required discontinuation of therapy. Norfloxacin appears to be an effective drug with an excellent safety profile for the treatment of complicated and recurrent UTIs.
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PMID:Review of norfloxacin in complicated and recurrent urinary tract infections. 219 65

One hundred thirty-eight patients with pyelonephritis were treated with norfloxacin, 400 mg twice daily. Women accounted for 74% of cases, and Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen, accounting for 51% of organisms. Tests for antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) were performed in 48% of patients, and 72% (48 of 67) were positive. Forty percent of the patients had temperatures greater than 37.6 degrees C at the time of study entry. Patients who had both fevers and positive ACB tests had cure rates similar to those of afebrile, ACB-negative patients. Norfloxacin was also highly effective in the treatment of multiply resistant, nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTIs), in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli predominated. It is concluded that, when used appropriately, i.e., in nonbacteremic patients who are able to absorb oral drugs, norfloxacin is a highly effective alternative modality in the therapy of certain UTIs that historically have been treated with parenteral antibiotics.
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PMID:Review of the efficacy of oral norfloxacin in pyelonephritis and nosocomial urinary tract infection. 219 66

The therapeutic effect of Pefloxacin in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis was examined in a randomized clinical trial. The patients in the control group have been treated by gentamycin. With a success rate of 80% in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis caused by various bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirab.), a side frequency of side effects and a good compliance Pefloxacin is recommended as an effective antimicrobiell drug.
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PMID:[A clinical trial of pefloxacin (Abaktal) in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis]. 219

We have assessed the phenotype and specificity of infiltrating mononuclear cells in a model of unilateral ascending acute pyelonephritis induced in rats with nephritogenic Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Histologic examination showed a predominance of mononuclear cells in the interstitium at all periods examined (4, 8, 15, 21, and 25 days), although at 4 and 8 days neutrophils were also abundant. Most of the mononuclear cells had the morphologic appearance of large lymphocytes. Immunoperoxidase studies with mAb showed that most of the mononuclear cells were W3/25+; many were W3/13+ and a small proportion were OX8+. Many of the mononuclear cells were Ia+. T cells were propagated in IL-2-containing media from small fragments of renal tissue with pyelonephritic lesions. Most of the propagated cells were W3/25+; fewer than (10%) were OX8+ or Ia+. T cells propagated from kidneys infected with E. coli responded, in proliferation assays, to the infecting strain or other E. coli strains, but not to P. aeruginosa or enterococci. The response to non-p-pilus-bearing E. coli was as great or greater than to E. coli with adhesins. T cells derived from lesions induced by P. aeruginosa responded to the infecting organisms, but not to E. coli. The response to the infecting organism (E. coli or P. aeruginosa) was MHC restricted, as indicated by the requirement for syngeneic APC. The results show that large numbers of T lymphocytes, especially with the "helper/inducer" phenotype, accumulate in the lesions of acute pyelonephritis in rats. Among the infiltrating T lymphocytes are activated cells and cells with specific reactivity to the infecting bacteria (or related strains). The findings indicate that T lymphocytes play a role within the kidney in response to the invading bacteria.
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PMID:Escherichia coli-specific T lymphocytes in experimental pyelonephritis. 245 49

We investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on mice with ascending pyelonephritis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-group). This experimental model was established by a two course administration of cyclophosphamide, so that it kept the mice in a neutropenic status (around 2000 white blood cells/mm3) from the time of infection to the time of sacrifice. The cyclophosphamide-treated group increased their susceptibility more than the control group. In the cyclophosphamide-treated group, the prophylactic administration of G-CSF (2 micrograms/day/mouse) yielded a lower incidence of infection and of infection-induced mortality than that of saline alone. However, the therapeutic administration of G-CSF did not produce significant decreases of these rates, suggesting that this type of administration had no effect on infection. At the time of sacrifice, the prophylactic administration of G-CSF increased the number of neutrophils, while at the time of induced infection, no increase of neutrophils was found. G-CSF therapeutic administration was not able to increase neutrophils during the experiment. An investigation of the bacterial capacity of peritoneal exudate neutrophils revealed that G-CSF prophylactic administration accelerated its capacity, although cyclophosphamide alone did not. These results suggest that G-CSF has a prophylactic effect on bacterial infection in neutropenic mice, and that this effect, in part, depends upon both the increase of neutrophils and the acceleration of bactericidal capacity produced by G-CSF.
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PMID:[Study of the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on experimental pyelonephritis induced by pseudomonas aeruginosa in neutropenic mice]. 247 50

We have evaluated 283 consecutive hospital acquired urinary tract infections (HAUTI) in a University hospital (incidence 5.6% of admissions). In females, spontaneous, symptomatic and younger patient infections predominated, while in males HAUTI were mostly asymptomatic, after catheterization and in elderly patients. Chronic nonfatal diseases--particularly neurologic disease and diabetes--, old age, previous antibiotic use, the postoperative period, and cancer were the major general predisposing factors, mostly because they involved urological procedures. There was an urethral catheter in 78% of cases, with questionable indication or maintenance in 37%. In 65% of cases there were clinical data attributable to HAUTI; however, on strict criteria only 5% of pyelonephritis and 24% of cystitis were detected. Mortality rate was 0.4%. Etiology was E. coli in 29%, Proteus in 13%, Enterobacter in 12%, enterococcus in 11.5%, Serratia in 7%, Pseudomonas in 6.5%, and Klebsiella in 6.5%. There were differences regarding endogenous and hospital flora on the basis of sex, hospital situation, catheterization, mobility, and previous duration of hospitalization. The microbial resistance pattern was high in the hospital flora. The major therapeutical problem was the high number of unnecessary treatments representing the automatic medical response to the finding of a positive urine culture.
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PMID:[Nosocomially acquired infection of the urinary tract]. 249 Aug 55

We investigated the prophylactic effect of Ubenimex on mice with ascending pyelonephritis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-group). This experimental model was established by a two course administration of cyclophosphamide, so that it kept the mice in a neutropenic status (around 2000 white blood cells/mm3) from the time of infection to the time of sacrifice. The cyclophosphamide-treated group increased their susceptibility more than the control group. In the cyclophosphamide-treated group, the prophylactic administration of Ubenimex (100 micrograms/day/mouse) did not produce significant decreases of infection-induced mortality rate, but yielded a lower incidence of infection than of saline alone. Administration of Ubenimex was not able to increase the number of neutrophils during the experiment. An investigation of the bactericidal capacity of peritoneal exudating neutrophils revealed that Ubenimex prophylactic administration accelerated its capacity, although cyclophosphamide alone did not. These results suggest that Ubenimex has a prophylactic effect on bacterial infection in neutropenic mice, and that this effect, in part, depends upon the acceleration of bactericidal capacity of neutrophils produced by Ubenimex.
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PMID:[Study of the prophylactic effect of ubenimex on experimental pyelonephritis induced by Pseudomonas in neutropenic mice]. 251 30

The therapeutic efficacy of ticarcillin/clavulanate was assessed in 71 patients with severe infections: 38 acute pyelonephritis, 16 septicaemia and 19 miscellaneous infections. The patients were classified according to their renal function in: Group A, normal (16 cases); B, mild renal impairment (RI) with creatinine clearance (Clcr) between 80 and 40 ml/min (18 cases); C, moderate RI with Clcr between 40 and 15 ml/min (12 cases); D, severe RI with (Clcr) between 15 and 5 ml/min (13 cases) and E, terminal with (Clcr) less than 5 ml/min (12 cases). A total of 105 microorganisms (48.6% resistant to ticarcillin): 31 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 18 Escherichia coli, 21 other Enterobacteriaceae, 2 Haemophilus influenzae, 10 Bacteroides spp., 14 enterococci, 8 staphylococci and 1 streptococcus, were isolated. All except six Ps. aeruginosa were sensitive to ticarcillin/clavulanate, using 75:10 microgram discs. Bacteriological eradication was obtained in 97% of the cases on the third day and at the end of treatment, and in 82% of the cases after one month. In all the assessable cases, the clinical symptoms disappeared on the third day except in one patient who developed a resistant strain (Klebsiella oxytoca). The wide range of bacteria assessed and the clinical-bacteriological success rates demonstrated that the ticarcillin/clavulanate combination had an efficacy/safety profile that could be considered excellent. Tolerance was good and side effects were not observed. This study confirms the practical efficacy of the recommended dosages derived from our previous kinetic studies in RI.
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PMID:Ticarcillin/clavulanate in severe infections in patients with varying renal function. 260 15


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